Chapter 20 Revolutions in Europe and Latin America Section 2 – Flashcards
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radicals
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those who favor extreme change
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Charter of French Liberties
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French king Louis XVIII wisely issued constitution - created a two-house legislature, allowed limited freedom of the press
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Charles X
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Brother of Louis XVIII who inherited the French throne - suspended the charter, suspended the legislature, limited the right to vote, and restricted the press - July Revolution in Paris 1830 ended his term of power because he suspended the charter
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Louis Philippe
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the "citizen king" ruling a constitutional monarchy in France - extended suffrage
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Belgium
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After a successful revolution it became an independent state (Catholic) with a liberal constitution (not longer united with Holland, a Protestant state)
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Poland
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1830 nationalist uprising here failed to win independence (brutally crushed by Russian forces)
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recession
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period of reduced economic activity
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"February Days"
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early 1848: angry French crowds rioted forcing Louis Philippe to abdicate
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Second Republic
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new French government in 1848 created by a group of liberal, radical, and socialist leaders
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"June Days"
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Mid 1848: upper- and middle-class interests had won control of the Second Republic shutting down national workshops - furious workers rioted - 1,500 people were killed in the fighting between bourgeois vs protesters, peasants vs socialists
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Napoleon III
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nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte who was elected president after the "June Days" riots - proclaimed himself emperor in 1852 (ending the Second Republic)
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Louis Kossuth
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Hungarian nationalist (and journalist) led a revolt that demanded an independent government (failed crushed by Austrian troops)
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Italy
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nationalists briefly expelled the Pope here (Austrian troops ousted the new revolutionary government and a French army restored the Pope)
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King Frederick William IV
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German king who rejected an offer of German unification because it came "from the gutter" i.e. the people and not the German princes
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Charles X closed the legislature
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What event sparked the July Revolution in Paris in 1830?
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Revolution quickly spread
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How did the French Revolution of 1848 affect Europe?
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What difference most affected the outcome of the two revolutions?
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The Belgians had support from Britain and France, whereas the Poles had no support and were opposed by Russia
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What were the causes of the French Revolution of 1848?
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discontent among radicals and liberals, economic slump, poor harvests, scandals in government
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What were the effects?
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Louis Philippe abdicated, the Second Republic was proclaimed, deep differences remained between liberals and radicals
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Who benefited from Napoleon III's rule?
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the bourgeoisie
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What do you predict will happen next in France?
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Unrest continues, and liberals and radicals demand further changes
