Chapter 20 Practice Questions: EXAM #4 – Flashcards
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1. The primary route for ion loss from the body is the ________ system.
A. respiratory
B. integumentary
C. urinary
D. cardiovascular
E. digestive
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C,the urinary tract is the primary route for the loss of water and ions.
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2. Kidneys respond relatively ________ to changes in blood volume.
A. slowly
B. quickly
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A, the circulatory system responds quickly to changes in blood volume.
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3. Most body water is located
A. in plasma.
B. inside cells.
C. in interstitial fluid.
D. in lumens of organs open to the outside.
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B, the majority of water is in the cytoplasm of cells.
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4. When a body is dehydrated, water in the urinary bladder
A. can be returned to the circulation directly.
B. can be returned to the circulation after moving back into the kidneys.
C. will still be expelled from the body in the urine.
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C, once the urine passes through the collecting ducts, none of the water can be returned to circulation.
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5. Water reabsorption by the kidneys is a result of
A. both passive and active transport processes.
B. exchange with ions.
C. cotransport with ions.
D. osmosis.
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D, the only way water moves during urine formation is by osmosis.
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6. The hormone that regulates water excretion by the kidneys
A. decreases water permeability throughout the kidney tubules.
B. increases water permeability throughout the kidney tubules.
C. only decreases water permeability in certain portions of the kidney tubules.
D. only increases water permeability in certain portions of the kidney tubules.
answer
D, this question is kind of vague. Water permeability is increased in the collection ducts and water is reabsorbed.
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7. Osmoreceptors depolarize after they ________ in response to ________ plasma osmolarity.
A. shrink, decreased
B. swell, decreased
C. shrink, increased
D. swell, increased
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C, increased osmolarity causes cells to shrink.
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8. The hormone ADH
A. is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland in response to changes in blood osmolarity.
B. stimulates the kidneys to retain sodium ion.
C. stimulates water conservation at the kidneys.
D. causes the kidneys to produce a large volume of urine.
E. All of the answers are correct.
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C, ADH (vasopressin) increases water reabsorption by the collecting ducts which conserves water.
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9. Why is sodium actively reabsorbed in the nephron?
A. to decrease osmolarity inside the nephron
B. to increase passive reabsorption of water
C. to make urine less concentrated
D. to decrease blood pressure
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B, water and other substances follow sodium after it is active reabsorbed.
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10. When venous return is increased, stretch receptors in the atria of the heart are activated.
This results in
A. secretion of ADH.
B. increased glomerular filtration.
C. increased thirst.
D. inhibition of ADH secretion
E. decreased urine production.
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D, an increase in blood volume will inhibit the release of ADH which will decrease the reabsorption of water and increase urine production.
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11. Aldosterone
A. is secreted in response to elevated levels of sodium in the blood.
B. promotes sodium retention in the kidneys.
C. helps decrease blood volume.
D. increases the concentration of sodium in urine.
E. functions in pH regulation.
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B, aldosterone is released in response to a decrease in blood pressure. Retention of sodium will result in an retention of water which will increase blood volume.
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12. Which of the following statements concerning the hormone atrial natriuretic peptide is FALSE?
A. Atrial natriuretic peptide is produced by cells in the heart.
B. Atrial natriuretic peptide promotes sodium loss at the kidneys.
C. Atrial natriuretic peptide reduces the sensation of thirst.
D. Atrial natriuretic peptide suppresses ADH secretion.
E. Atrial natriuretic peptide increases aldosterone secretion.
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E, since the aldosterone and atrial natriuretic peptide are functional antagonismts, ANP would not increase aldosterone production.
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13. The osmolarity in the deepest part of the loop of Henle is ________ mOsM.
A. 1200
B. 100
C. 300
D. 900
E. None of these answers are correct.
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A, the osmolarity in the deepest part of the loop of Henle is the same as the deepest part of the renal medulla which is 1200 mOsM.
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14. Decreased ECF volume causes
A. sympathetic output from the cardiovascular control center to increase.
B. parasympathetic output from the cardiovascular control center to increase.
C. the force of ventricular contraction to decrease.
D. arteriolar vasodilation.
E. sympathetic output from the cardiovascular control center to increase and arteriolar vasodilation.
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A, the sympathetic nervous system would cause vasoconstriction and increase heart rate to compensate for the lack of blood volume.
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15. The most important factor affecting the pH of plasma is the concentration of
A. lactic acid.
B. carbon dioxide.
C. ketone bodies.
D. hydrochloric acid.
E. organic acids.
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B, carbon dioxide combines with water in the plasma to for carbonic acid.
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16. A person who suffers from hyperventilation will exhibit signs of
A. respiratory acidosis.
B. metabolic acidosis.
C. metabolic alkalosis.
D. respiratory alkalosis.
E. None of the answers are correct.
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D, hyperventilation causes an increase in blood oxygen and a decrease in carbon dioxide. The decrease in carbon dioxide results in alkalosis.
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17. The descending limb of the loop of Henle
A. is not permeable to water.
B. is freely permeable to salt and urea.
C. pulls water from the medulla to make the filtrate more dilute.
D. loses water to the medulla as the filtrate becomes more concentrated.
E. reacts to ADH levels.
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D, the descending limb of the loop of Henle descends into the renal medulla and is permeable to water.
