Chapter 20 Foner questions – Flashcards
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The trial and execution of Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti demonstrated that: a) the 1920s was a decade of reconciliation. b) the Red Scare led to the suspension of constitutional freedoms. c) antiradical sentiment declined following World War I. d) the Red Scare extended into the 1920s. e) the political weight of immigrant communities declined after World War I.
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d) the Red Scare extended into the 1920s.
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What did Calvin Coolidge believe was the chief business of the American people? a) Civil rights. b) Internationalism. c) Spreading liberty. d) Business. e) Going to church.
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d) Business.
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Railroads were to the late nineteenth century what ____________ were to the 1920s. a) cars b) radios c) stock markets d) telephones e) airplanes
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a) cars
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Why did General Motors surpass Ford in sales of automobiles in the 1920s? a) GM models were cheaper than the Ford Model T. b) GM applied mass production techniques Ford was unfamiliar with. c) GM models were bare-bones compared to the much fancier Ford cars. d) GM successfully marketed different styles and designs. e) GM cars appealed to immigrants more than the Ford models.
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d) GM successfully marketed different styles and designs.
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During the 1920s, American multinational corporations: a) resisted new ventures abroad in the aftermath of World War I. b) demonstrated limited interest in controlling raw materials in other countries. c) produced few automobiles for international markets. d) extended their reach throughout the world. e) reduced investments overseas.
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d) extended their reach throughout the world.
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During the 1920s, consumer goods: a) were marketed only to wealthy Americans. b) had little impact on American life. c) included vacuum cleaners and washing machines, which Americans paid for exclusively in cash. d) were frequently purchased on credit. e) increased the demand for domestic servants.
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d) were frequently purchased on credit.
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In the 1920s, movies, radios, and phonographs: a) were all out of reach of most consumers. b) helped create and spread a new celebrity culture. c) were not yet available. d) appealed only to women. e) were only available in urban areas.
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b) helped create and spread a new celebrity culture.
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During the 1920s: a) an estimated 40 percent of the population remained in poverty. b) real wages rose faster than corporate profits. c) wealth became more evenly distributed. d) small auto companies flourished. e) New England experienced an industrial revival.
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a) an estimated 40 percent of the population remained in poverty.
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Agriculture in the 1920s: a) enjoyed its golden age. b) did not see an increase in mechanization or use of fertilizers and insecticides. c) did not significantly increase production. d) experienced declining incomes and increased bank foreclosures. e) experienced an increase in the number of farms and farmers.
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d) experienced declining incomes and increased bank foreclosures.
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Labor unions lost members in the 1920s for all of the following reasons EXCEPT: a) companies supported propaganda campaigns that linked unions with socialism. b) companies began to adopt a program of "welfare capitalism." c) labor unions were tarnished by the 1919 labor upsurge. d) some corporations began to provide employees with pensions and medical insurance. e) through collective bargaining, labor unions had secured a national eight-hour day.
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e) through collective bargaining, labor unions had secured a national eight-hour day.
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In the 1920s, employers embraced the American Plan, which: a) was developed by the Communist Party. b) was another term for Americanization. c) was applauded by the American Federation of Labor. d) advocated government regulation of business. e) advocated the "open shop."
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e) advocated the "open shop."
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The Equal Rights Amendment: a) was proposed by the Women's Trade Union League. b) proposed to eliminate all legal distinctions based on sex. c) protected mother's pensions. d) had widespread support from all major female organizations. e) became law along with an amendment banning child labor.
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b) proposed to eliminate all legal distinctions based on sex.
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For the feminist woman in the 1920s, freedom meant: a) voting. b) owning her own property. c) the ERA. d) the right to choose her lifestyle. e) becoming a wife and mother.
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d) the right to choose her lifestyle.
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The flapper: a) epitomized the change in standards of sexual behavior. b) represented a new political movement. c) represented a new economic radicalism. d) disapproved of smoking. e) demanded a return to earlier standards of behavior.
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a) epitomized the change in standards of sexual behavior.
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Which would NOT be considered a characteristic of a flapper? a) Had bobbed hair. b) Advocated temperance. c) Used birth control. d) Wore short skirts. e) Smoked in public.
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b) Advocated temperance.
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In their 1929 study, Middletown, Robert and Helen Lynd: a) found that Americans were increasingly involved in local politics. b) argued that leisure and consumption had replaced political involvement. c) based their findings on a study of Los Angeles and New York City. d) based their findings on a study of Chicago. e) noted the increase in voter participation with the enfranchisement of women.
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b) argued that leisure and consumption had replaced political involvement.
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Which statement about politics in the 1920s is FALSE? a) Voter turnout had fallen dramatically since the turn of the century. b) Women took an active role in national politics, mostly with the Republican Party. c) Republicans controlled the White House and supported pro-business policies. d) The South was dominated by the Democratic Party. e) Congress continued the trend toward restricting certain groups of people from entering the United States.
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b) Women took an active role in national politics, mostly with the Republican Party.
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During the 1920s: a) the Federal Trade Commission aggressively regulated business. b) government polices reflected the pro-business ethos of the decade. c) Nebraska senator George W. Norris represented big business. d) the Harding administration distanced itself from the business community. e) the courts became increasingly pro-labor.
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b) government polices reflected the pro-business ethos of the decade.
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President Harding's call for a return to normalcy meant: a) bringing back the Progressive spirit of reform. b) demobilizing from World War I. c) getting women back into the home from their wartime jobs. d) a call for the regular order of things, without Progressive reform. e) an end to the radicalism of the Red Scare.
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?
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The administration of which president was plagued with scandals? a) Woodrow Wilson. b) Calvin Coolidge. c) Herbert Hoover. d) Warren Harding. e) Theodore Roosevelt.
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d) Warren Harding.
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The Teapot Dome scandal involved: a) President Harding's illicit affair with a young woman. b) the Veterans' Bureau, which took bribes from the sale of government supplies. c) the attorney general, who took bribes not to prosecute accused criminals. d) the secretary of the interior, who received money in exchange for leasing government oil reserves to private companies. e) Herbert Hoover, who received money in exchange for granting favored trading status to Great Britain.
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d) the secretary of the interior, who received money in exchange for leasing government oil reserves to private companies.
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Robert La Follette ran for president in 1924: a) as a Socialist Party candidate. b) as a Progressive Party candidate. c) as a Republican. d) as a Democrat. e) and won.
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b) as a Progressive Party candidate.
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American foreign policy during the 1920s: a) reflected the close relationship between government and business. b) expanded on Woodrow Wilson's goal of internationalism. c) included the lowering of tariffs. d) discouraged American business investment abroad. e) included a complete retreat from military intervention.
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a) reflected the close relationship between government and business.
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"Banned in Boston" referred to: a) a book ban in the city, including books by Ernest Hemingway. b) Prohibition coming to the city and the elimination of all liquor. c) the crackdown on prostitution and gambling, both perceived to be run by the Irish. d) the condemnation of Americanization programs, meaning diversity was celebrated in the city. e) Calvin Coolidge's tenure as governor when he banned all strikes of public service employees.
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a) book ban in the city, including books by Ernest Hemingway.
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The Hays Code: a) banned certain works of literature in Boston. b) banned Socialists from speaking at public universities. c) prohibited movies from depicting nudity, long kisses, and adultery. d) prohibited movies from showing business in a negative way. e) prohibited the mailing of material with sexual content.
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c) prohibited movies from depicting nudity, long kisses, and adultery.
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In Schenck v. United States, the Supreme Court: a) overturned the lower court conviction of a Socialist. b) ruled that bans on dangerous speech were constitutional. c) expanded the protection of free speech. d) found certain fire-safety regulations unconstitutional. e) overturned the conviction of Eugene V. Debs for an antiwar speech.
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b) ruled that bans on dangerous speech were constitutional.
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Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis: a) generally voted with Oliver Wendell Holmes to further limit free speech. b) was a conservative force during the 1920s. c) voted in favor of the Hays Code. d) crafted an intellectual defense of civil liberties during the 1920s. e) voted in support of Anita Whitney's attempt to overturn her conviction.
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d) crafted an intellectual defense of civil liberties during the 1920s.
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All of the statements about Prohibition during the1920s are true EXCEPT: a) Prohibition reduced American consumption of alcohol. b) Prohibition was violated by many Americans. c) Prohibition led to widespread corruption among law officials. d) Prohibition led to large profits for the owners of speakeasies and for the bootleggers who supplied them. e) Religious fundamentalists opposed Prohibition on the grounds that it violated freedom.
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e) Religious fundamentalists opposed Prohibition on the grounds that it violated freedom.
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During the Scopes trial, Clarence Darrow, the defense lawyer, questioned whom as a supposedly expert witness about the Bible? a) Billy Sunday. b) John D. Rockefeller. c) Woodrow Wilson. d) William Jennings Bryan. e) John Scopes.
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d) William Jennings Bryan.
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The Scopes trial of 1925: a) involved a teacher who espoused Social Darwinism. b) pitted creationists against evolutionists. c) was a victory for religious fundamentalism. d) was a victory for birth-control advocates. e) ended once and for all the discussion of teaching the theory of evolution in public schools.
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b) pitted creationists against evolutionists.
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The Ku Klux Klan: a) declined in the 1920s and eventually disappeared completely. b) flourished in the early 1920s, especially in the North and West. c) had fewer than 500 members nationwide by the mid-1920s. d) continued to only target African-Americans. e) was limited in its political influence.
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b) flourished in the early 1920s, especially in the North and West.
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The Cable Act of 1922 stated that: a) American women who married Asian men forfeited their nationality. b) lunatics, illiterates, and prostitutes were barred from entering the United States. c) interstate commerce regulated by the ICC was barred from being further regulated by state or local agencies. d) the United States Senate was not going to ratify the Treaty of Versailles or join the League of Nations. e) the Border Patrol was created for regulating immigration along the U.S.-Mexican border.
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a) American women who married Asian men forfeited their nationality.
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Which group gained American citizenship in 1924? a) Mexican Americans. b) Japanese Americans. c) Native Americans. d) African-Americans. e) Chinese Americans.
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e) Chinese Americans.
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All of the following statements about the 1924 Immigration Act are true EXCEPT: a) the 1924 Immigration Act reflected the Progressive desire to improve the quality of democratic citizenship and to employ scientific methods to set public policy. b) the 1924 Immigration Act satisfied the demands of large farmers in California, who relied heavily on seasonal Mexican labor, by not setting limits on immigration from the Western Hemisphere. c) the 1924 Immigration Act barred immigration from Asia. d) the 1924 Immigration Act limited immigration from Europe. e) the 1924 Immigration Act sought to ensure that more immigrants came from southern Europe than from northern Europe.
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e) the 1924 Immigration Act sought to ensure that more immigrants came from southern Europe than from northern Europe.
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Besides work and school, the most active agents of Americanization during the 1920s were: a) churches, political parties, and fraternal organizations. b) the Ku Klux Klan and the Immigrant Restriction League. c) the Supreme Court & Congress. d) dance halls, department stores, & movie theaters. e) women's organizations & the NAACP.
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d) dance halls, department stores, & movie theaters.
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Cultural pluralism: a) was the adopted philosophy of the Ku Klux Klan. b) described a society that gloried in ethnic diversity. c) was denounced by Randolph Bourne. d) described the mood in Congress when it passed the Immigration Act. e) was the driving force behind the conviction of Sacco and Vanzetti.
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b) described a society that gloried in ethnic diversity.
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Cultural pluralism: a) challenged the idea that southeastern Europeans were unfit for citizenship. b) was another way of describing the process of Americanization. c) represented the underlying principles of the 1924 Immigration Act. d) was a theory that shaped most public policy during the 1920s. e) was not favored by most immigrants.
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a) challenged the idea that southeastern Europeans were unfit for citizenship.
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What were the National Catholic Welfare Council and the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith lobbying for in the 1920s? a) More Catholic and Jewish schools funded by federal monies. b) Laws prohibiting discrimination against immigrants by employers, colleges, and government agencies. c) Benevolent societies for religious groups to be supported by the federal government in the major East Coast cities. d) A stronger effort by the federal government to dismantle the Ku Klux Klan. e) A new immigration law to overturn the Immigration Act of 1924.
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b) Laws prohibiting discrimination against immigrants by employers, colleges, and government agencies.
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Meyer v. Nebraska: a) overturned the ban on child labor. b) ruled that the maximum number of hours a woman could work cannot be legislated. c) overturned a law that stated public schools would instruct classes in English. d) upheld the Espionage Act as constitutional. e) ruled that evolution could not be taught in public schools.
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c) overturned a law that stated public schools would instruct classes in English.
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In 1923, the Meyer v. Nebraska decision: a) strengthened the cause of Americanization. b) further banned free speech. c) made constitutional the ban on the teaching of German. d) had an impact only on German immigrants. e) was a startling reversal in the cause of Americanization.
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e) was a startling reversal in the cause of Americanization.
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Which city was considered the "capital" of black America? a) Chicago. b) Detroit. c) Harlem. d) Los Angeles. e) New Orleans.
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c) Harlem.
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Slumming meant: a) blacks migrating from the South to the North during the Great Migration. b) flappers not working and living off their parents' wealth. c) whites going to Harlem's dance halls, jazz clubs, and speakeasies. d) speculating on the stock market. e) living in the Hoovervilles.
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c) whites going to Harlem's dance halls, jazz clubs, and speakeasies.
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The Harlem Renaissance: a) included writers and poets such as Langston Hughes and Claude McKay. b) included singers such as Etta James and Dinah Washington. c) privileged African heritage over the Southern experience. d) downplayed racism in America. e) represented a rejection of capitalism.
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a) included writers and poets such as Langston Hughes and Claude McKay.
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Which issue became the focus of the 1928 presidential race? a) The qualifications of Hoover to be president. b) The fact that Alfred Smith was Catholic. c) Government regulations on business. d) Immigration policy. e) What global leadership role America should take.
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b) The fact that Alfred Smith was Catholic.
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In 1928, Herbert Hoover: a) won the presidency because of his reputation and the nation's prosperity. b) lost the presidency, primarily because he was a Catholic. c) called for a repeal of Prohibition. d) won the presidency with the promise of tax cuts and economic recovery. e) won the presidency despite his lack of government experience.
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a) won the presidency because of his reputation and the nation's prosperity.
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The Great Depression was caused by all of the following factors EXCEPT: a) a land speculation bubble in Florida. b) an unequal distribution of wealth. c) an agricultural recession throughout the decade. d) stagnated sales in the auto and consumer goods industries after 1926. e) increased government regulation of banking and the stock market.
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e) increased government regulation of banking and the stock market.
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A main cause of the Great Depression was: a) Hoover's ties with business. b) increased European demand for American goods. c) declining American purchasing power. d) excessive government regulation of business. e) the 1924 Immigration Act.
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c) declining American purchasing power.
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The Great Depression shaped the lives of Americans in all of the following ways EXCEPT: a) many Americans took to the road in search of work. b) many Americans left cities for the countryside. c) there was massive unemployment. d) many Americans lived in Hoovervilles. e) the American suicide rate declined.
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e) the American suicide rate declined.
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President Hoover responded to the onset of the Depression by: a) immediately increasing government aid to the unemployed. b) cutting taxes. c) decreasing tariffs. d) reassuring Americans that "the tide had turned." e) resigning from office.
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d) reassuring Americans that "the tide had turned."
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The Smoot-Hawley Tariff: a) raised taxes on imported goods. b) increased international trade. c) was vetoed by Hoover. d) had no effect on the economy in 1930. e) improved the economy slightly in 1930.
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a) raised taxes on imported goods.
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The Reconstruction Finance Corporation: a) offered aid to home owners facing foreclosure. b) made loans to failing businesses. c) offered direct relief to the unemployed. d) was vetoed by Hoover. e) ended the Great Depression.
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b) made loans to failing businesses.
