Chapter 2 Worksheet – Flashcards
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What event brought Queen Isabella to the throne in 1474?
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The death of her brother King Henry.
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Cities in what European nation dominated trade with the Far East until the 15th century?
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Italy
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What was a long term consequence of the catastrophic bubonic plague in Europe?
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It stimulated exploration for new market places
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Exploration and territorial expansion became popular with Europeans in the 15th century because
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monarchs hoped to enlarge their power by trade
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Which technological advances aided European explorers by 1400?
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The compass and astrolabe
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Why was Portugal an unlikely nation to lead Europe into the Age of Exploration?
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It was a small nation with less than 2% of the population of Christian Europe.
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Portugal's early interest in exploration and expansion stemmed from its desire
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to expel Muslims from the Iberian Peninsula
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How did the Portuguese adapt to the demands of lengthy ocean voyages in the 15th century
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they developed a vessel called the caravel
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In the 1460's, the Portuguese inaugurated a new phase of plantation labor by staffing the Cape Verde islands with
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African Slaves
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Who sailed around the Cape of Good Hope in order to find a sea route from Europe to Asia?
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Bartolomeu Dias
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How did a sea route to Asia affect Europe?
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It allowed merchants to charge lower for imported Eastern goods. The more the supply the less the cost.
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Christopher Columbus, like most Europeans, believed that
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the earth was spherical and could be circumnavigated.
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The government of which country sponsored Christopher Columbus's exploration?
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Spain
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When Columbus first arrived in the New World, he believed he was in
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the East Indies
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Who were the "Indians" that Columbus met at San Salvador?
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Tainos
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How did Ferdinand and Isabella react to Columbus's first voyage?
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They believed Spain could challenge Portuguese dominance of the seas/
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The Treaty of Tordesillas, a 1494 agreement between Spain & Portugal,
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divided the Atlantic territories between Spain & Portugal. Also known as line of democation
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What area did John Cabot claim for England in his search for a Northwest Passage?
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Newfoundland
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The Portuguese explorer Pedro Alvars Cabral accidentally made landfall in
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Brazil
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In the early 1500's, Martin Waldseemuller was among the very first to understand that
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there was a continent that existed separate from Europe & Asia
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What was the significance of Ferdinand Magellan's circumnavigation of the globe?
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Europeans learned that a westward passage to the East was possible, nut not feasible. He was buried in the Philippians.
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The transatlantic exchange of goods, people, and ideas between the New World and Europe is referred to as the
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Colombian Exchange
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What was the result of contact and trade between the peoples of the Old and New Worlds?
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It exposed Indians to Old World diseases.
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How did Malinali provide invaluable assistance to Hernan Cortes?
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She served as in interpreter.
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Who did Cortes enlist to help defeat the Mexicans in 1521?
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Indians who resented the Mexican rule.
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Which factor helped the Spaniards conquer the Mexicans in the 16th century?
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A small pox epidemic
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Who held the largest treasure found in the New World before 1540?
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The Incas
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Which conquistador was buried in the Mississippi River by his men?
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Hernando de Soto
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What was Franciso Vasquez de Coronado searching for when he ventured into the Southwest and Great Plains of North America?
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The seven cities of Cibola
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How did Spain benefit from settling Florida in the mid-sixteenth century.
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It protected Spanish ships from pirates
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Which Spanish conquistador settled New Mexico in 1598?
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Juan de Onate
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Which European power dominated the New World during the 1500s?
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Spain, it had the most colonial possessions
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The distribution of conquered towns; the right to rule the Indians and the land around them, and the right to exact tribute and labor from the Indians was called
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encomienda
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why did Spain introduce encomienda?
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To reward conquistadors with tribute and labor of Indians.
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The system of coerced labor in New Spain grew directly out of Spaniards' assumption that
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Spaniards were superior to Indians.
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When Catholic priests complained to the Spanish government about the brutal treatment of Indians, royal officials
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replaced the cavalier conquistadors with royal bureaucrats loyal to the king
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In 1549, the Spanish government issued the repartimiento, which
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limited the amount of labor Indians had to perform.
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During the 1500s, what was the most valuable export from New Spain?
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Precious Metals, gold & silver
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Which segment of the Spanish population made up the majority of the approximately 225,000 Spaniards who settled in the colonies between 1492 and 1592?
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Poor young men of common lineage
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The gender and number of Spanish settlers in New Spain created a society in which
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Spanish men married Indian women and a class structure emerged with only 1-2% of the population dominating
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Which social class was made up of children who were born in the Spanish New World to parents who had emigrated for Spain?
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Creoles
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Like many other European colonies in the New World, New Spain developed a pattern of social organization in which
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Europeans became a dominant minority.
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After 50 years of contact with Europeans in New Spain,
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90% of the Indians had died from the harshness of colonial policies and diseases from Europeans.
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How did the deaths of millions of Indians by the end of the 16th century affect Spain?
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The deaths created a labor shortage that led to the purchase of African Slaves.
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How did King Charles I and his successors use the wealth of New Spain?
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To consolidate the largest empire in Europe.
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Martin Luther and the Catholic Church disagreed on
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how salvation could be gained.
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What was the result of Charles V's and Philip II's extensive warfare?
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New taxes that fell on poor peasants which caused them to become bankrupt.
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Who established an unsuccessful colony along the St. Lawrence River in 1541?
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Jacques Cartier
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What was the result of Martin Frobisher's expedition in northern Canada?
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They discovered nothing with value.
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Which statement describes England's attempt to secure a North American settlement in the late 16th century?
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England sent explorers buy could not sustain striving colonies.
