question

The first step in any scientific investigation is _____

answer

perceiving the question

question

Sally proposes the idea that one's sexual history prior to marriage may be linked to whether one ends up getting divorced. This best represents which step of scientific method?

answer

forming a hypothesis

question

In the early part of the past century, psychologists who broke down though processes into their basic elements and analyzed them were called structuralists. What term might we use to describe psychologists with similar interests today?

answer

cognitive

question

Dr. Braunz has been treating a child with attention hyperactivity disorder. She decides to write a prescription for Ritalin. Given this information, it is most likely that Dr. Braunz is a _______

answer

psychiatrist

question

________ is a system used for reducing bias and error in the measurement of data

answer

scientific method

question

The tendency to look for information that supports one's own belief is called __________

answer

confirmation bias

question

Researchers must report their results completely whether the hypothesis was supported or not. Complete reporting is necessary for the purpose of _______

answer

replication

question

Observing behavior as it happens in real-life natural settings without imposing laboratory controls is known as the __________

answer

naturalistic observation method

question

In the 1970s, a 13 year old girl was found locked up in a room, strapped to a potty chair. Since she has grown up in a world without human speech, researchers studied "Genie's" ability to acquire words, grammar, and pronunciation. This type of research is called _________

answer

case study

question

In preparation for his master's thesis, Tim spends some time in the local mall observing the behavior of shoppers. His notes reveal a tendency for people to smile when someone, even a stranger, smiles at them. Later in the semester, he designs a questionnaire that asks questions of participants concerning their typical reactions when someone smiles. He wonders if the face of a person who smiles has any influence on returned smiles, so he designs a study to answer this question. Which of the following lists in order, from first to last, the research methods Tim has used?

answer

naturalistic observation, survey, experiment

question

Surveys, as discussed in the text, are associated most with:

answer

descriptive research

question

A group of randomly selected subjects for a study that matches the population on important characteristics such as age and sex is called ________

answer

representative sample

question

A _______ is a measure of how strongly two variables are related to one another

answer

correlation

question

Julie finds that the number of hours she sleeps each night is related to the scores she receives on quizzes the next day. As her sleep approaches 8 hours, her quiz score improves; as her sleep drops to 4 hours, her quiz score show a similar decline. Julie realizes that _______

answer

there is a negative correlation between the number of hours she sleeps and her quiz grades

question

Which correlation coefficient is most likely to describe the relationship between brushing one's teeth and the number of cavities one gets

answer

-.62

question

A correlation coefficient represents 2 things: _____ and _____

answer

strength; direction of the relationship

question

Which of the following statements is correct concerning correlation coefficients

answer

correlation of +.89 and -.89 are both strong and equally so

question

As part of a psychology experiment, Brett decides to measure a person's "anxiety" by noting the number of blinks a person makes in a twenty minute social interaction with a stranger. Brett appears to have offered a ________ of anxiety

answer

operational definition

question

In order to increase typing speed Minisoft has redesigned its keyboard and provided a chime that is related to typing speed. Identify the independent and dependent variables in this proposed study.

answer

the dependent variable is keyboard design; the independent variables are the speed of typing and the chime

question

A variable that the experimenter manipulates is called an _____________

answer

independent variable

question

Ken is planning on studying the influence of intelligence on the ability to recall events from the 1960s. If Ken does not account for variables such as age that could also influence one's ability to recall these events, age could be considered a __________

answer

confounding variable

question

Ideally, everything in the experimental situation except the ________ is held constant

answer

independent variables

question

All of the following are accurate statements regarding random assignment EXCEPT _______

answer

it is a procedure in which subjects are assigned to a positive correlation or a negative correlation condition

question

Which of the following situations best illustrates the placebo effect?

answer

you drink a nonalcoholic drink and become "intoxicated" because you think it contains alcohol

question

Unintended changes in participants' behavior due to cues inadvertently given by the experimenter are called______

answer

experimenter effects

question

_______ is an experiment in which participants do not know if they are in the experimental or the control group but the experimenters do know which participants are part of which group

answer

the single-blind study

question

Double-blind studies control for _______

answer

both the placebo and experimenter effects

question

The key difference between an experimental and a quasi-experimental study is that the quasi-experimental study ________

answer

contains an independent variable

question

Each of the following is a common ethical guideline suggested by the American Psychological Association EXCEPT

answer

participants cannot be deceived or have information concealed from them at any time during an experiment

question

Freud said phobias were ________ whereas Watson said phobias were _________

answer

conditioned; unconditioned

question

Matched subject/ matched group design studies are

answer

quasi experiments

question

In graphing data, if the scores are skewed to the right, the mean, mode and median are ____

answer

positive

question

When all possible ways of presenting the variables are included to counteract familiarity in a within subject design, the technique used is _______

answer

counterbalancing

question

As a measure of central tendency, the middle score in ranked order is called ____

answer

median

question

Which of the following would be a violation of the APA Guidelines for Ethical Psychological Experiments?

answer

all of these would violate present standards

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