Chapter 2 Psychology – Flashcards
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The branch of psychology that studies the ways in which natural selection and adaptation can explain behavior and mental processes is _____________. A) behavioral genetics B) environmental psychology C) evolutionary psychology D) Darwinian psychology
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C) evolutionary psychology
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A neuron is _____. A) the part of a nerve cell that receives information. B) the part of a nerve cell that sends information. C) the part of a nerve cell that creates energy. D) a cell of the nervous system responsible for receiving and transmitting electrochemical information.
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D) a cell of the nervous system responsible for receiving and transmitting electrochemical information.
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The three basic parts of the neuron can be likened to an arm, where the fingers represent the _____; the palm of the hand represents the _____; and the forearm represents the _____. A) dendrites; myelin, axon terminal B) somas; cell body; dendrite C) receivers; generator; transmitter D) dendrites; cell body; axon
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D) dendrites; cell body; axon
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The message that travels along an axon of a neuron is called a(n) ____________. A) neurotransmission B) action potential C) mylinazation D) chemical impulse
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B) action potential
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The fatty insulation surrounding the axon of most neurons is called _____________. A) a myelin sheath B) dendrites C) axons D) glial cells
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A) a myelin sheath
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The resting potential of a neuron is approximately ___________. A) 40 millivolts B) -70 millivolts C) 0 millivolts D) +70 millivolts
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B) -70 millivolts
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Chemical messengers that are released by axons and stimulate dendrites on another neuron are called _____. A) chemical messengers B) neurotransmitters C) synaptic transmitters D) neuromessengers
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B) neurotransmitters
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A synaptic gap is _____.(Picture) A) the gap between the brain and the skill that contains cerebrospinal fluid B) the tiny opening between the sending and receiving neuron C) the vesicle that contains neurotransmitters D) the place where neurotransmitters exchange ionic molecules
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B) the tiny opening between the sending and receiving neuron
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The two major divisions of the nervous system are the _____. A) anterior and posterior B) central and peripheral C) chemical and mechanical D) brain and spinal cord
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B) central and peripheral
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The central nervous system _____. A) consists of the brain and spinal cord B) is the most important nervous system C) includes the automatic and other nervous systems D) includes the peripheral and autonomic nervous system.
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A) consists of the brain and spinal cord
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The brain's ability to reorganize and change its structure and function throughout the life span is ___________. A) neurogenesis B) neuroplasticity C) neurokinesis D) neuroevolution
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B) neuroplasticity
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We are able to learn a new language or a new sport because of the brain's ability towards ______. A) neurogenesis B) action potentials C) neurotransmission D) neuroplasticity
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D) neuroplasticity
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The division and differentiation of nonneuronal cells to produce neurons is called _____. A) split-brain genesis B) stem cell production C) neuroplasticity D) neurogenesis
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D) neurogenesis
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_____ are the immature, precursors that give birth to new specialized cells. A) Stem cells B) Dendrites C) Axons D) Neurogenic cells
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A) Stem cells
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The _____ nervous system is responsible for involuntary tasks whereas the _____ nervous system is responsible for voluntary tasks. A) autonomic; somatic B) somatic; autonomic C) central; peripheral D) peripheral; central
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A) autonomic; somatic
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The _____ nervous system is responsible for fight or flight whereas the _____ nervous system is responsible for maintaining calm. A) central; peripheral B) parasympathetic; sympathetic C) sympathetic; parasympathetic D) autonomic; somatic
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C) sympathetic; parasympathetic
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Frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes make up the _____. A) subcortical area of the brain B) reticular formation C) cerebral cortex D) association areas of the brain
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C) cerebral cortex
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The frontal lobes are responsible for _____. A) motor control B) vision C) hearing D) touch
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A) motor control
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What part of a person's brain would be affected if after brain damage they could speak quickly and easily, but could not understand what they read or heard? A) Broca's area B) Wernicke's area C) occipital lobe D) parietal lobe
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B) Wernicke's area
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_____ area is found in the temporal lobe, and is involved with language comprehension. A) Broca's B) The association C) Gage's D) Wernicke's
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D) Wernicke's
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Vision and visual perception occur in the _____ lobes. A) occipital B) frontal C) temporal D) parietal
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A) occipital
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What is the name of the bundle of nerve fibers that carries information between the brain's right and left hemispheres? A) corpus callosum B) cerebral cortex C) cerebellum D) none of these options
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A) corpus callosum
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Although the left and right hemispheres of the brain are specialized, they are normally in close communication through the _____. A) reciprocating circuits B) thalamus C) corpus callosum D) cerebellum
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C) corpus callosum
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A person who has undergone surgery to separate their brain hemispheres most likely suffered __________ prior to surgery. A) schizophrenia B) dyslexia C) severe epilepsy D) bilateral localization
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C) severe epilepsy
