Chapter 2 Post-Test – Flashcards
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Diseases are caused by microorganisms, such as bacteria and viruses, known as: A. bacteria. B. secretions. C. droplets. D. pathogens.
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D. pathogens.
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What protective measures should the EMT take at a minimum for a patient who is known to be infected with tuberculosis? A. Gloves and N95 respirator B. Gloves and HEPA mask C. Gloves, eyewear, and HEPA mask D. Gloves
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C. Gloves, eyewear, and HEPA mask
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Exercising, eating a healthy diet, using relaxation techniques, and seeking professional counseling are all ways of managing what influence in your life that happens when you're an EMT? A. Critical infections B. Anorexia C. Cancer D. Stress
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D. Stress
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Changes in your work environment can help you manage job-related stress. These changes include: A. criticizing coworkers or making negative comments whenever possible. B. requesting additional or overtime shifts and burying yourself in your work. C. rotating to a busier station or duty assignment. D. getting some exercise, at the station.
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D. getting some exercise, at the station.
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You are near the end of a 24-hour shift with your permanent partner. You have noticed that over the past two or three shifts, he has been very irritable, indecisive, and condescending to your patients. These findings are consistent with: A. social conversion. B. cognitive dissonance. C. stress reaction. D. inadvertent operation syndrome.
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C. stress reaction.
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Encouraging and supporting your coworkers and resisting the temptation to criticize others will provide what benefit to the EMT? A. It will make you less susceptible to gossip. B. It will increase you likelihood of not losing your job. C. It will get you voted "Employee of the Month." D. It will help reduce and manage job-related stress.
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D. It will help reduce and manage job-related stress.
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How can a buddy system with a coworker in EMS help you reduce job-related stress? A. You both keep an eye on each other, looking for signs of stress. B. You both take time and spend it with each other's family. C. You both watch the actions of management and warn each other if one is about to get into trouble. D. You both work the same shift so you have the same experiences.
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A. You both keep an eye on each other, looking for signs of stress.
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The process of washing a soiled medical instrument or equipment with soap and water is known as: A. sterilization. B. purification. C. disinfection. D. cleaning.
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D. cleaning.
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Which of the following is NOT a common response of family members to a person who works full time in EMS? A. Desire to let you take whatever risks you need to do your job, or save a life. B. Frustration with being unable to plan events. C. Fear of being separated for prolonged periods. D. Inability to share experiences you have while working on the ambulance.
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A. Desire to let you take whatever risks you need to do your job, or save a life.
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What is the best definition of stress? A. disease process where the EMT feels bad after a particularly difficult call. B. state of physical or psychological arousal to a stimulus. C. normal reaction that occurs very infrequently during the career of an EMT. D. abnormal reaction to a traumatizing event experienced by the EMT.
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B. state of physical or psychological arousal to a stimulus.
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The warning signs of stress include: A. intense concentration on work. B. the need for interaction with family and friends. C. loss of sexual desire or interest. D. increased appetite.
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C. loss of sexual desire or interest.
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Which of the following core components of "well-being" does NOT belong with physical fitness? A. Emotional stability B. Muscle strength C. Cardiovascular endurance D. Body composition
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A. Emotional stability
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A state of exhaustion and irritability that develops over a longer period of time and can markedly decrease one's effectiveness in delivering emergency medical care is referred to as: A. eustress. B. anguish. C. burnout. D. stress.
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C. burnout.
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The single MOST important way you can prevent the spread of infection is by: A. wearing gloves. B. washing your hands. C. refusing to treat contagious patients. D. wearing a surgical mask.
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B. washing your hands.
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To help reduce the emotional burden of the dying patient, you should: A. use a firm tone of voice so the patient and family know you are in charge. B. not touch the patient, or allow the family to touch or hold the patient. C. listen empathetically to the patient, and honor the patient's requests. D. give the patient assurances, even if they are false.
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C. listen empathetically to the patient, and honor the patient's requests.
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What is the overall goal or purpose of a CISD program? A. Identify how to improve the emergency response system. B. Reduce stress of people involved in a dramatic incident. C. Provide individual counseling by a mental health professional for each emergency worker who participated in the event. D. Track MCI events and the types of human responses that occur both during and after the event.
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B. Reduce stress of people involved in a dramatic incident.
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What type of mask should EMTs don if they suspect the elderly patient they are caring for has tuberculosis? A. N95 respirator B. No mask or face protection is necessary with a patient suspected of having TB. C. Disposable surgical type face mask D. High action particulate air (HAPA) mask
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A. N95 respirator
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Which of the following is NOT a type of stress reaction that the EMT may experience as a result of stressors encountered within the profession? A. Chronic stress reaction B. Acute stress reaction C. Cumulative stress reaction D. Delayed stress reaction
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A. Chronic stress reaction
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How often should the EMT have a purified protein derivative (PPD) tuberculin test done? A. Every 6 months B. Every 24 months C. Every 18 months D. Every 12 months
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D. Every 12 months
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Exhaustion and irritability caused by prolonged periods of stress is called: A. delayed stress reaction. B. acute stress reaction. C. delirium. D. burnout.
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D. burnout.
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You have been told that you must get your annual purified protein derivative (PPD) test for tuberculosis (TB). As a knowledgeable EMT, you recognize that the PPD will: A. determine if you have been exposed to TB. B. determine the effectiveness of treatment for TB. C. reveal if you need a TB immunization. D. provide continued immunity to tuberculosis.
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A. determine if you have been exposed to TB.
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During the depression stage of dying, the patient may: A. appear to accept death, though not be happy about it. B. become silent, distant, sad, and despondent. C. target the EMT with anger. D. appear to be relieved and look forward to "passing on."
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B. become silent, distant, sad, and despondent.
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What must the EMT perform on each and every emergency call? A. Contact the receiving facility with a patient report. B. Wear gloves and eye protection when dealing with a patient. C. Assure that the scene is safe prior to entering. D. Immediately assess all patients upon arrival at the scene.
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C. Assure that the scene is safe prior to entering.
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You are mentoring an EMT student who is doing a ride-along shift with you. He mentions that they are talking about "wellness" in class, but he thinks that it means the same thing as "healthy." Which statement is NOT a description of what wellness is if you were to explain it? A. The absence of disease. B. Intellectual and emotional well-being. C. Social and environmental well-being. D. Physical and mental well-being.
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A. The absence of disease.
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When managing a 28-year-old male patient who has been vomiting blood and has a fever, the EMT should consider that the patient has what type of disease, and what would the proper PPE be for this situation? A. Blood-borne: gloves, mask, and eye protection B. Airborne: N95 C. Foodborne: an NRB mask D. Vector borne: a gown
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A. Blood-borne: gloves, mask, and eye protection
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What protective measures should the EMT take for a patient known to be infected with hepatitis B or C? A. Gloves, eyewear, and hand washing B. Gloves and eyewear C. Gloves and hand washing D. Gloves
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A. Gloves, eyewear, and hand washing
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A situation that causes you to experience emotions that are unusually strong and may interfere with your ability to function is called a(n): A. critical incident. B. emotional incident. C. tragic incident. D. traumatic incident.
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A. critical incident.
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If the patient, who has a fever and a blood-tinged productive cough, states he has an infectious disease, what disease does he MOST likely have? A. TB B. Spinal meningitis C. Hepatitis A D. SARS
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A. TB
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You are working a shift with a new EMT that just finished school. As you tell him about emergencies, you have responded to in the past, which one would be MOST likely to stress out the new EMT the most? A. A 89-year-old grandmother that arrested at a family picnic. B. A 32-year-old male who was shot and killed by a psychotic patient. C. A two-year-old female who was physically abused and died. D. A 17-year-old male who was killed when he was riding his bike and was struck by a car.
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C. A two-year-old female who was physically abused and died.
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The high-visibility vests that are to be worn by EMTs working the scene of an auto accident must meet what Code of Federal Regulations standards? A. Class 1 standards of ANSI/IESA 107-2004 B. Class 4 standards of the ANSI requirements C. Class 2 or 3 standards of ANSI/IESA 107-2004 D. Class 1 standards of the 207-2006 PSV document
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C. Class 2 or 3 standards of ANSI/IESA 107-2004
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Which of the following is one of the five emotional stages experienced by a dying patient? A. Relief B. Defeat C. Bargaining D. Euphoria
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C. Bargaining
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What U.S. entity established guidelines that require certain precautions be taken to prevent the transmission of disease through contact with body fluids? A. Occupational Safety and Health Administration B. National Highway Traffic and Safety Administration C. The Surgeon General D. Pathology and disease control
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A. Occupational Safety and Health Administration
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What type of precautions should an EMT take when caring for an intoxicated female who is trying to spit on and scratch the EMS crew? A. Gloves, eye protection, and a mask B. Gloves only C. Gloves and eye protection D. Gloves and a mask
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A. Gloves, eye protection, and a mask
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If your spouse says, "Your job is more important to you than your family!", they are likely responding to what type of family stressor due to your EMS career? A. Low pay B. Lack of recognition C. Inability to predict the future D. Long shift hours
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D. Long shift hours
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The standard against infection that assumes that all blood and body fluids are infectious, and requires all emergency workers to practice a strict form of infection control, is called: A. Standard Precautions. B. infection prevention. C. sterilization. D. Universal Precautions.
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A. Standard Precautions.
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Which of the following cleaning methods kills all microorganisms on the surface of an object? A. Disinfection B. Sterilization C. Cleaning D. Purification
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B. Sterilization
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Which statement best describes a recognized step in a critical incident stress debriefing (CISD)? A. It includes a teaching phase conducted by skilled professionals. B. It is best conducted by your upper EMS administration team. C. It is ideally held within 12 hours after the incident. D. It should include detailed minutes and a roster to be forwarded to supervisors.
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A. It includes a teaching phase conducted by skilled professionals.
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You have been an EMT in a busy system for a number of years. Over the past several months, you have noticed an increase in your stress levels, and despite trying to mediate this stress through relaxation techniques and exercise, you still feel stressed all the time. What is one other intervention you could consider to reduce the stress in your life? A. Immediately quit your job. B. Medicate yourself with non-habit-forming drugs. C. Advise your family that they need to start being more sympathetic toward you. D. Seek the help of a mental health professional.
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D. Seek the help of a mental health professional.
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If you cannot get a work schedule that would be more conducive to being home with your family, what else could you consider requesting as an alternative that would help to reduce your job-related stress? A. Request to work at a slower station, or a station that has a different type of call volume. B. Ask for a partner that you do not know so you're less likely to confide personal information with them. C. Request to work at a busier station so the day goes by faster. D. Consider taking a job as an EMS supervisor because they have a smaller daily workload.
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A. Request to work at a slower station, or a station that has a different type of call volume.
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Of the following findings that may be present in an EMT who is suffering from excessive stress, which one is more of a physiologic finding rather than psychological finding? A. Depression B. Forgetfulness C. Loss of motivation D. Pounding heart
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D. Pounding heart
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Beyond obtaining required immunizations before beginning work as an EMT, what should one do to reduce the risk of infection? A. Wash your hands at the beginning and end of your shift. B. Do not care for patients with any type of hepatitis other than hepatitis B. C. Use Standard Precautions with each patient contact. D. Have your partner provide primary care for patients with conditions for which you have not been immunized.
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C. Use Standard Precautions with each patient contact.
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What emotional stage of dying might a patient be experiencing if he makes a statement such as, "I know this is going to happen, but first let me. . . "? A. Bargaining B. Tolerance C. Qualifying D. Agreeing
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A. Bargaining
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Lifestyle changes can help you deal with stress. These changes include: A. eating fewer, but larger meals. B. trying combinations of prescription or over-the-counter medications. C. practicing meditation and visual imagery. D. increasing your intake of sugar, and decreasing your intake of carbohydrates.
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C. practicing meditation and visual imagery.
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Why do EMTs have a difficult time trying to help family members understand what it's like to work in EMS? A. Because EMTs are not very good at talking about their own feelings. B. Because family members do not have a shared experience or understanding to draw from. C. Because family members generally do not care. D. Because EMTs are very headstrong and do not like sharing their feelings with anyone at all.
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B. Because family members do not have a shared experience or understanding to draw from.
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What is the primary route of transmission for influenza? A. Contact with patient saliva with the EMT's mucous membrane B. Contact with infected lesion C. Cross-contamination through contact with blood D. Airborne droplets from coughing
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D. Airborne droplets from coughing
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What has become the MOST common blood-borne infection from a virus in the United States? A. Hepatitis C B. Hepatitis D C. Hepatitis A D. Hepatitis B
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A. Hepatitis C
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Which of the below is NOT part of the recommendations for EMS providers when washing their hands after patient contact? A. Use a brush to scrub under and around your fingernails. B. Remove all jewelry from your hands and arms. C. Pay attention to the creases and crevices of your hands while washing. D. Do not vigorously rub your hands together so that pathogens beneath the skin surface are not displaced.
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D. Do not vigorously rub your hands together so that pathogens beneath the skin surface are not displaced.
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What type of pathogen is described as a plantlike microorganism that typically will NOT cause infection in a person with a normally functioning immune system? A. Protozoa B. Fungi C. Helminths D. Virus
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B. Fungi
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You have arrived on scene for a two car MVC in which a patient is entrapped in one of the cars and is severely injured. He keeps fading in and out of consciousness. During one of his lucid periods, he asks you if he will be OK. What is the EMTs MOST appropriate response? A. "I think you'll be fine, hang in there." B. "You're badly hurt, and we are doing everything we can to get you out of here and to a hospital. But don't you give up." C. "I don't know if you'll live, but you need to want to live if you wish to see your family again." D. "Honestly, I think you may not survive your injuries, is there any message you want me to pass on to your family?"
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B. "You're badly hurt, and we are doing everything we can to get you out of here and to a hospital. But don't you give up."
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You are on scene with a patient who has a terminal illness. As the moment of death approaches, the patient starts to ask you more and more questions about death. What should you do? A. terminate useless treatment as soon as possible. B. ignore the patient, because there is really nothing that you can say. C. give the patient reassurance, even if it is false. D. Explain what death is, what is happening, and what the patient might expect to the best of your ability.
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D. Explain what death is, what is happening, and what the patient might expect to the best of your ability.
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You are dispatched for a patient who called 9-1-1 after a "fall from a ladder." Upon your arrival, the patient admits to being injured during a domestic dispute. The patient also tells you that the spouse is still in the home, and that she is just now walking out the front door towards you. What should you do? A. Assume the situation is safe and begin care. B. Begin care, but stay alert just in case the spouse starts to yell. C. Speak with the spouse and attempt to resolve the conflict. D. Immediately leave the scene and contact law enforcement.
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D. Immediately leave the scene and contact law enforcement.
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What is the name of the event that takes place within 1 to 4 hours after a critical incident and is designed to start the process of helping emergency providers work through a stressful situation? A. Self-medicating B. Reprimands C. Performance reviews D. Defusing
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D. Defusing
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The process by which an object is subjected to a chemical or physical substance, such as super-heated steam that kills all microorganisms on its surface, is called: A. cleaning. B. disinfecting. C. sterilization. D. decontamination.
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C. sterilization.
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During the treatment of a multisystem trauma patient, you accidently get the patient's blood on your uniform. You should: A. use an alcohol pad to clean it thoroughly. B. remove the affected clothing, bag it, and label it for later washing. C. allow the blood to dry and brush it off. D. place it in a biohazard bag and dispose of it.
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B. remove the affected clothing, bag it, and label it for later washing.
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A patient you are caring for states he has hepatitis. You ask him what type, but the patient is unsure. Given the immunization you received before you started working, what type of hepatitis are you immunized against? A. Hepatitis A B. Hepatitis C C. Hepatitis D D. Hepatitis B
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D. Hepatitis B
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SARS cross-contamination from the patient to the provider can be reduced if the EMT takes which of the following precautions: A. don gloves only. B. don gloves, use eye protection, wear a surgical mask, and also place a surgical mask on the patient. C. don gloves and eye protection. D. don gloves, wear a surgical mask, and use eye protection.
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B. don gloves, use eye protection, wear a surgical mask, and also place a surgical mask on the patient.
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What is a very real fear your family members might have about you when you enter the field of emergency medical services? A. You will not be able to find a job. B. You may decide you do not like EMS after paying for your education. C. You are always in danger and may be harmed. D. You may have to work every holiday.
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C. You are always in danger and may be harmed.
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Which of the following phases of a CISD program is NOT an appropriate phase? A. Learn ways to overcome stress. B. Determine how to place blame for events that were detrimental during the critical incident. C. Reviewing the facts of the event. D. Discuss the emotions the participants are feeling.
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B. Determine how to place blame for events that were detrimental during the critical incident.
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At times, EMTs can become stressed over the fact that they are often responsible for making critical patient care decisions with a minimal amount of information. What is one way to help mediate that concern? A. Remove yourself whenever an important patient decision needs to be made. B. Realize that everyone, even you, will make a mistake from time to time. C. Always ask the hospital what to do in critical situations. D. Do not make a decision; just follow what your partner wants to do.
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B. Realize that everyone, even you, will make a mistake from time to time.
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What is the one specific personal protective equipment (PPE) that should be used on every patient contact? A. Protective gloves B. Eye protection C. Masks D. Gowns
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A. Protective gloves
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Which of the following stress reactions is associated with the condition some EMS providers describe as "burnout"? A. Chronic stress reaction B. Cumulative stress reaction C. Acute stress reaction D. Delayed stress reaction
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B. Cumulative stress reaction
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Of the following scenarios, which one would MOST likely create the greatest amount of stress in an EMT? A. Caring for a criminal who just shot another person. B. Caring for a traumatic cardiac arrest. C. Caring for a family member involved in a MVC. D. Caring for a female that just gave birth.
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C. Caring for a family member involved in a MVC.
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If, while on the scene of a call, you are threatened by the patient or his family, you should do all of the following, EXCEPT: A. begin to retreat without confronting the patient. B. quickly plan your route of escape. C. stand up to the patient because you do not have to take this abuse. D. notify law enforcement personnel.
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C. stand up to the patient because you do not have to take this abuse.
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Which of the below clinical situations would MOST likely necessitate the EMT to don a gown along with gloves and eye/face protection? A. Assisting with the birth of twins B. Administering epinephrine through an auto-injector pen C. Providing spinal immobilization to a patient with multiple lower extremity fractures D. Performing advanced airway maneuvers
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A. Assisting with the birth of twins
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You are caring for a patient who was traumatically injured and pinned under heavy equipment. The patient is near death and knows this. What stage of grief would he likely display? A. Bargaining B. Confusion C. Anger D. Acceptance
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A. Bargaining
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What type of stress reaction would an EMT likely experience when his partner is attacked and stabbed by a drunk patron at a tavern? A. Chronic stress reaction B. Delayed stress reaction C. Acute stress reaction D. Cumulative stress reaction
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C. Acute stress reaction
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Which of the following strategies for dealing with stress is the LEAST effective in managing the stress? A. Use of mental imagery B. Use of sedative drugs C. Decrease in the number of hours worked per week D. Increase in exercise activity
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B. Use of sedative drugs
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What type of protective gloves should be worn when cleaning the ambulance and equipment? A. No gloves are needed when cleaning B. Heavy-duty utility, tear-resistant, rubber-type gloves C. Clear plastic food service gloves D. Latex exam gloves
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B. Heavy-duty utility, tear-resistant, rubber-type gloves
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In order to be rested and prepared for a long EMS shift, how many hours of sleep is recommended the night before? A. 4 to 6 hours B. 8 to 10 hours C. 6 to 8 hours D. 10 to 12 hours
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B. 8 to 10 hours
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What is one of the BEST ways for an EMT to avoid burnout? A. Recognize the signs of stress when they develop and seek help. B. Avoid stressful types of patient contacts or situations for a few months. C. Do not talk about the stressors of the job to anyone other than a professional counselor. D. Always keep prescription antianxiety medications available.
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A. Recognize the signs of stress when they develop and seek help.
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Microorganisms that cause diseases are called: A. immunoglobulins. B. pathogens. C. autosomes. D. monocytes.
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B. pathogens.
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The process of killing many, but not all, microorganisms that may be on the surface of an object is called: A. purification. B. sterilization. C. cleaning. D. disinfection.
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D. disinfection.
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Of the following characteristics that are common to the prehospital profession, which one is NOT considered a significant stressor to the EMT regarding the work environment. A. Boredom between calls. B. Fearing serious personal injury. C. Having to pack meals to take to work. D. 24-hour shifts
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C. Having to pack meals to take to work.
