Chapter 2 Chemistry – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
What makes a mixture heterogeneous?
answer
do not blend smoothly throughout; it does not have a uniform composition; the individual substances remain distinct
question
What makes a mixture homogeneous?
answer
it has a uniform composition; individual substances cannot be seen; always in one phase *** aka solutions***
question
What is another name for a homogeneous mixture?
answer
solution
question
States of Matter
answer
solid, liquid, gas, and plasma
question
Definite
answer
Not changing
question
All solids, liquids, and gases have...
answer
MASS
question
Difference between solids and liquids
answer
Solids have definite shape and liquids have an indefinite shape.
question
Difference between solids and gases
answer
Solids have definite volume and gases have an indefinite volume.
question
Physical Change
answer
Alters the appearance , does not change the composition of a substance Cutting, seperating mixture, dissolving, phase changes
question
Example of Mixture
answer
trail mix
question
5 Signs of a Chemical change?
answer
Color change Gas produced Formation of a precipitate (solid) Energy change (temperature or light) odor produced or change
question
Chemical change
answer
a change that produces matter with a different composition than the original matter.
question
Density
answer
Mass / Volume
question
Example of physical change
answer
sugar dissovling
question
Example of chemical change
answer
milk sours
question
Examples of physical properties
answer
density, luster, odor, melting point, boiling point, color, malleable
question
Examples of chemical properties
answer
flammability, corrosion, reactivity
question
Element
answer
Simplest form of matter with a unique set of properties
question
Extensive Physical Property
answer
Size
question
Compound
answer
Substance containing atoms of two or more elements chemically combined.
question
Intensive Physical Property
answer
DO NOT depend on amount of substance available Density, melting / boiling point (Dwater is alwaaays 1.00g/mL)
question
Mixture
answer
Two or more elements or compounds that are blended together. NOT CHEMICALLY COMBINED. CAN BE SEPARATED!
question
Examples of mixtures in your kitchen
answer
Orange Juice, cereal, Salad Dressing
question
Intensive Property
answer
Color
question
As temperature increases, particle speed _______, the force of the particles ____ and the volume of the substance ______
answer
increases, increases, increases
question
Physical techniques to seperate mixtures
answer
Distillation (boiling points) Filtration (large solid particles from liquid) Chromatography Crystallization (boiling away the solvent - water)
question
Physical Properties
answer
Properties that describe the look or feel of a substance
question
Chemical Properties
answer
Characteristics of matter that describe how it changes when it reacts with other matter
question
Physical Change
answer
A change in size or shape, but still the same type of matter
question
Chemical Change
answer
A change that produces new matter with different properties from the original matter
question
Solid
answer
Something that has a definite shape and volume
question
Liquid
answer
Has a definite volume and takes on the shape of its container
question
Gas
answer
Has no definite shape or volume
question
Solid, liquid, gas
answer
Three states of matter
question
Mass
answer
The amount of matter in a given amount of space
question
Volume
answer
The amount of space matter takes up (LxWxH)
question
Matter
answer
"Stuff" anything that has mass and takes up space and you can see or touch
question
compound
answer
substance made of two or more elements properties of this differ from chemical and physical property of the elements of which it is composed
question
mixture
answer
substance in which components are not chemically combined ( i.e. oil and water mixed still settle in layer and look and feel like oil and water)
question
physical properties
answer
can be observed and measured without causing chemical change in a substance
question
chemical properties
answer
can be observed only when one substance reacts with another substance
question
atoms and molecules in solid are in ____ position
answer
fixed
question
atoms and molecules in liquid are ...
answer
closer together but freer to change positions
question
atoms and molecules in a gas are..
answer
move freely to fill any contanier
question
water
answer
the only substance on earth that occurs naturally as a solid, liquid and gas- due to Earth's narrow temperature range
question
density
answer
ratio of the mass of an object divided by its volume. a material that is less dense will float in a material that is more dense ( oil floats in water... egg floats in salt water..ice floats in water)
question
Which is not a physical state of matter? Gas Water Liquid Solid
answer
water
question
Term gas is limited to those substances that exist in the gaseous state at
answer
room temperature
question
Matter that has a uniform and definite composition is called a
answer
substance
question
What is used to separate mixtures
answer
filtration
question
What happens during distillation
answer
liquid is boiled to produce a vapor then is condensed
question
Horizontal row is a
answer
period
question
Vertical row is a
answer
group
question
Elements are placed on the table by increasing
answer
Atomic Number
question
Each number is represented by a
answer
chemical symbol
question
T/F Elements can be easily separated into simpler substances
answer
False
question
T/F The properties of compounds are different from those of their component elements
answer
True
question
What is used to represent an element?
answer
A symbol
question
What are chemical symbols used for?
answer
To write chemical formulas
question
T/F The elements that make up a compound are always present in the same proportions
answer
True
question
Is burning paper a physical change or a chemical change? How do you know?
answer
The product is a new substance
question
_____ can be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means
answer
compounds
question
If a composition of a material is not fixed, the material is a _______
answer
mixture
question
A change in state is an example of an _______
answer
irreversible change
question
How can physical changes be classified?
answer
Physical changes can be classified as reversible or irreversible.
question
Phase
answer
Used to describe any part of a sample with uniform composition and properties.
question
Distillation
answer
A liquid is boiled to produce a vapor that is then condensed into a liquid.
question
Filtration
answer
The process that separates a solid from the liquid in a heterogenous mixture
question
Ways to separate mixtures
answer
Filtration, Distillation, and evaporation
question
Every Chemical change involves
answer
a transfer of energy
question
What differs between chemical and physical change
answer
During chemical change, the composition of matter always changes. during a physical change, the composition of the matter never changes.
question
Distilled water
answer
Distillation involves boiling the water and then condensing the steam
question
During any chemical reaction, the mass of the _______ is always equal to the mass of the ________
answer
products, reactants
question
Precipitate
answer
A solid that forms and settles out of liquid mixture.
question
Law of conservation of mass States that in any
answer
physical change or chemical reaction, mass is conserved.
question
Cut, Split, Grind, Crush... Reversible or irreversible?
answer
Irreversible
question
Boil, Freeze, Melt, and Condense... Reversible or irreversible
answer
Reversible
