question

atom

answer

The smallest particle of an element that retains its chemical properties and participates in a chemical reaction

question

1. atoms
2. identical, differ
3. created, destroyed, transformed
4. compounds, whole-number
5. constant

answer

Dalton's atomic theory - 5 postulates:
1. An element is composed of extremely small indivisible particles called ____.
2. All atoms of a given element have ____ properties that ____ from those of other elements.
3. Atoms cannot be ____, ____ or ____ into atoms of another element (in normal chemical reactions).
4. ____ are formed when atoms of different elements combine with one another in small ____ ratios.
5. The relative numbers and kinds of atoms are ____ in a given compound.

question

electrons
nucleus

answer

Elements are made up of ___ and a ____.

question

J. J. Thomson

answer

Discovered the electron

question

Rutherford

answer

Discovered the nucleus

question

proton - nucleus, +1 charge
neutron - nucleus, 0 charge
electron - outside nucleus, -1 charge

answer

Name, location and charges of the three basic components of the atom

question

1/2000

answer

Mass of an electron is ____ of a proton or a neutron

question

nucleus

answer

Since the mass of protons and neutrons is greater than electrons, the majority of the mass of an atom is in the ____.

question

10,000

answer

The diameter of an atom is about ____ times that of its nucleus (so it's mostly empty space!).

question

protons

answer

The number of ____ determines the identity of an element.

question

protons

answer

All atoms of a particular element have the same number of ____.

question

atomic number

answer

The number of protons of an element is called its ____, or Z.

question

protons

answer

An element's atomic number (Z) refers to the number of ___ in the element.

question

equal

answer

If the atom is neutral (no charge), then the number of protons and electrons are ____.

question

mass number

answer

The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus is called the ____ of an atom, or A.

question

A (mass number, or protons + neutrons)
Z (atomic number, or # of protons)

answer

The number of neutrons in the nucleus is ____ minus ____.

question

neutrons

answer

Atoms can vary in their number of ____ in the nucleus but still be the same type of atom.

question

False: only the #s of neutrons can vary

answer

T/F: Atoms can vary in their numbers of protrons in the nucleus, but still be the same type of atom.

question

isotopes

answer

Atoms who vary in the numbers of neutrons in the nucleus are called ____ of each other.

question

A
X
Z

answer

The chemical symbol of isotopes showing the mass number, the atomic number and the chemical symbol

question

periods
groups

answer

In the periodic table, rows are called ____; columns are called ____.

question

periodic table

answer

The ____ shows all the known elements.

question

18
main group

answer

The periodic table has ___ groups; elements in groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, and 17 are called the ____ elements.

question

transition metals

answer

Elements in groups 3-12 are called the ____.

question

(1) alkalai metals
(2) alkaline earth metals
(17) halogens
(18) noble gases

answer

Certain groups in the periodic table have their own names:
Group 1: ____
Group 2: ____
Group 17: ____
Group 18: ____

question

similar

answer

Elements in the same group have ____ properties (related to reactivity).

question

metals
non-metals
metalloids

answer

The three main types of elements

question

metalloids
metals
non-metals

answer

In the periodic table, elements along the diagonal (zig-zag) line are called the ____ (B, Si, Ge, As, Sb and Te); those elements to the left of the diagonal are ____; those to the right are ____.

question

True

answer

T/F: Atoms do occur in nature by themselves (as a pure element), but most atoms combine with others and form compounds.

question

molecules
ions

answer

When atoms combine with others and form compounds, these compounds exist as either ____ or ____.

question

molecules

answer

____ consist of several atoms which come together, share electrons with each other forming covalent bonds, are normally non-metals and are uncharged.

question

ratio

answer

The molecular or chemical formula shows the chemical composition of the substance and reflects the ___ of the elements present in the molecule or compound.

question

1) 1 H, 1 Cl
2) 2 H, 1 O
3) 1 N, 3 H
4) 3 C, 8 H

answer

How many and which atoms are in the following compounds?
1) HCl
2) H2O
3) NH3
4) C3H8

question

molecules

answer

Some elements exist not as atoms, but as ____.

question

diatomic molecules

answer

two-atom molecules

question

structural

answer

____ formulas are used to show the bonding of atoms to each other.

question

condensed

answer

A ____ structural formula shows the bonding of atoms, but in a shorthand way.

question

diatomic

answer

H2, O2, N2, F2, Cl2, Br2, and I2 are examples of elements that exist as ____ molecules at room temperature.

question

P4
S8

answer

Phosphorus occurs naturally as ____ and sulfur as ____ rather than as single atoms.

question

ions

answer

____ are formed by the removal or addition of an electron to an atom.

question

ions

answer

____ exhibit a "give and take" of electrons rather than a sharing of electrons like molecules.

question

metals
non-metals

answer

Ions are made up of ____ and ____.

question

cations

answer

Metals lose electrons to form ____.

question

anions

answer

Non-metals gain electrons to form ____.

question

protons
electrons

answer

Whenever an ion is made, positive or negative, the number of ____ NEVER changes; it is only the ____ that move.

question

polyatomic

answer

Some ions can be ____ - that is, they consist of more than one atom but carry an overall charge (majority are negative).

question

formula units

answer

Ions are ____ - not molecules (e.g., can't have a molecule of salt).

question

network
ionic

answer

Table salt is a combination of Na+ ions and Cl- ions that are a continuous ____ of ions (i.e,, if you have a Na+ ion, you must also have a Cl- ion). The bonding involved in these structures is known as ____ bonding.

question

zero

answer

When writing formulas of the ionic compounds, remember that their overall charge must be ____ (so we combine them so that the number of positive and negative charges are equal).

question

True

answer

T/F: Atoms that are close to the noble gases lose or gain electrons to attain a noble gas electron configuration.

question

True

answer

T/F: Most transition metals can have more than one charge.

question

2

answer

There are only ____ polyatomic cations; the rest are anions.

question

oxygen
oxoanions

answer

Most polyatomic anions contain ____ (called ____).

question

Ammonium (NH4)
Mercury I (Hg2)

answer

The two polyatomic cations

question

Roman numerals

answer

Transition metals - assume there is more than one possible charge (except Zn, Cd, and Ag) and will therefore use ____ in the name to describe the charge on the metal.

question

neutral atom

answer

In ionic compounds, the cation is just the name of the ____.

question

charge
Roman numerals

answer

In ionic compounds of most transition metals, the name must describe the ____ on the metal (by using ____).

question

-ide
oxide
fluoride

answer

In ionic compounds, anions are named by adding the suffix ____ to their non-metal name. O2- is therefore ____; F- is ____.

question

-ate
-ite
-ate
per-
hypo-

answer

Oxoanions end in ____ and ____ for those that have two oxoanions, with the ____ for the one with the greater number of oxygens. For oxoanions which have more than two possibilities, the prefixes ____ and ____ are also used.

question

binary molecular

answer

____ compounds consist of two non-metals.

question

first
last

answer

In binary molecular compounds (two non-metals), the name consists of the element in the formula that comes ____ followed by the element that comes ____.

question

1) sulfur dioxide
2) sulfur trioxide

answer

Chemical name of these binary molecular formulas:
1) SO2
2) SO3

question

prefixes
-ide

(e.g. SO2 is sulfur dioxide)

answer

In binary molecular compounds (two non-metals), ____ are used for each element to determine how many of each is in the molecule and the second element also has the suffix ____.

question

True

answer

T/F: In binary molecular compounds (two non-metals), if there is only one of the first element, then the prefix mono- is not used.

question

water

answer

H2O

question

hydrogen peroxide

answer

H2O2

question

ammonia

answer

NH3

question

hydrazine

answer

N2H4

question

acetylene

answer

C2H2

question

phosphine

answer

PH3

question

arsine

answer

AsH3

question

nitric oxide

answer

NO

question

nitrous oxide

answer

N2O

question

methane

answer

CH4

question

acids

answer

Some binary compounds form ____ when placed in water because they break apart and form ions.

question

HCl(aq) hydrochloric acid

answer

HCl(g) in water solution becomes ____.

question

HBr(aq) hydrobromic acid

answer

HBr(g) in water solution becomes ____.

question

HI(aq) hydroiodic acid

answer

HI(g) in water solution becomes ____.

question

acids
-ic

answer

Polyatomic ions with hydrogen as the cation in water solution can also form ____. The suffix then goes from -ate to ____.

Test Questions on Chapter 2 – Chemistry – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards