Chapter 18 US History The Cold War – Flashcards
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Cold War
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The state of hostility, without direct military conflict, that developed between the United States and the Soviet Union after World War II
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Truman Doctrine
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A U.S. policy, announced by President Harry S. Truman in 1947, of providing economic and military aid to free nations threatened by internal or external opponents
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Marshall Plan
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The program, proposed by Secretary of State George Marshall in 1947, under which the United States supplied economic aid to European nations to help them rebuild after world War II
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Berlin Airlift
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A 327-day operation in which U.S. and British planes flew food and supplies into West Berlin after the Soviets blockaded the city in 1948
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North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
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A defensive military alliance formed in 1949 by ten Western European countries, the United States, and Canada
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Chiang Kai-shek
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General and leader of Nationalist China after 1925. Although he succeeded Sun Yat-sen as head of the Guomindang, he became a military dictator whose major goal was to crush the communist movement led by Mao Zedong
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Mao Zedong
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This man became the leader of the Chinese Communist Party and remained its leader until his death. He declared the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949 and supported the Chinese peasantry throughout his life.
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Taiwan
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a government on the island of Taiwan established in 1949 by Chiang Kai-shek after the conquest of mainland China by the communists led by Mao Zedong
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38th Parallel
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The line of latitude at which Korea is separated into Communist north and Republic south
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Korean War
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A conflict between North Korea and South Korea, lasting from 1950 to 1953, in which the United States, along with other UN countries, fought on the side of the South Koreans and China fought on the side of the North Koreans
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House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)
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A congressional committee that investigated Communist influence inside and outside the U.S. government in the years following World War II
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Hollywood Ten
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Ten witnesses from the film industry who refused to cooperate with the HUAC's investigation of Communist influence in Hollywood
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Blacklist
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A list of about 500 actors, writers, producers, and firectors who were not allowed to work on Hollywood films because of their alleged Communist connections
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Alger Hiss
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A former State Department official who was accused of being a Communist spy and was convicted of perjury. The case was prosecuted by Richard Nixon.
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Ethel and Julius Rosenberg
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American communists who were executed after having been found guilty of conspiracy to commit espionage. The charges were in relation to the passing of information about the atomic bomb to the Soviet Union. Theirs was the first execution of civilians for espionage in United States history
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Joseph McCarthy
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1950s Wisconsin senator claimed to have list of communists in American governmentt, but no credible evidence; took advantage of fears of communism post WWII to become incredibly influential
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McCarthyism
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The attacks, often unsubstantiated, by Senator Joseph McCarthy and others on people suspected of being Communists in the early 1950's
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H-bomb
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The Hydrogen Bomb - a thermonuclear weapon much more powerful than the atomic bomb
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Dwight D. Eisenhower
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leader of the Allied forces in Europe during WW2--leader of troops in Africa and commander in DDay invasion-elected president-president during integration of Little Rock Central High School
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John Foster Dulles
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United States diplomat who (as Secretary of State) pursued a policy of opposition to the USSR by providing aid to American allies (1888-1959)
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Brinkmanship
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The practice of threatening an enemy with massive military retaliation for any aggression
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Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
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A U.S. agency created to gather secret information about foreign governments
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Warsaw Pact
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A military alliance formed in 1955 by the Soviet Union and its Eastern European satellites
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Eisenhower Doctrine
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A U.S. commitment to defend the Middle East against attack by any communist country, announced by President Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1957
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Nikita Khrushchev
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ruled the USSR from 1958-1964; lessened government control of soviet citizens; seeked peaceful coexistence with the West instead of confrontation
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Francis Gary Powers
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a U-2 pilot who's plane was shot down by a Soviet pilot. Sentenced to ten years in prison
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U-2 incident
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The downing of a U.S. spy plane and capture of its pilot by the Soviet Union in 1960
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