Chapter 18 – The Skin – Flashcards

Internal: Psychological Genetic Internal disease Drugs Infections External: Sun Heat & cold Chemicals Infections Trauma

*Small < 0.5cm:* Papule - Elevated solid lesion Macule - Flat area of altered colour or texture Vesicle - Fluid filled blister Petechia - (pinhead size) Extravasation of blood into the skin Purpura - (up to 2 mm in diameter) - Extravasation of blood into the skin Wheal (any size) - Accumulation of dermal oedema *Large > 0.5cm* Nodule >0.5cm in both width and depth - Elevated solid lesion Plaque (> 2cm in width but without substantial depth) - Elevated solid lesion Large macule (patch) - Flat area of altered colour or texture Bulla - Fluid filled blister Abscess - Pus filled blister Ecchymosis - Extravasation of blood into the skin Haematoma - Extravasation of blood into the skin Angioedema - Accumulation of dermal oedema

Head anterior posterior 9% Trunk Anterior 18% Trunk posterior 18% Anterior arms/hands 4.5 % x 2 = 9% Posterior arms/hands 4.5% x 2 = 9% Anterior leg 9% x2 = 18% Posterior leg 9%x2 = 18% Groin 1%

Red = 0-2days blue = 2-5 Green 5 - 7 Yellow 7- 10 brown 10-14

1st degree: erythema, swelling. Damages epidermis layer. 2nd degree: blisters. Damages epidermis hair follicles, skin adnexa are spared 3rd degree: full thickness. Damages epidermis and dermis. +/- subcutaneous. 4th degree: deep to tendon and bone > 9% area: serious

Complications: infection, fluid loss, scarring.

Cold injuries Immersion foot, trench foot: damages small vessels, venous stagnation, necrosis, blister, ulcers Frost bite, congelation:: necrosis, gangrene. - Congealing of the blood = necrosis Hot - destruction with out necrosis

Impetigo: Superficial infection Folliticulitis: Involving hair follicle Furuncle (boil) Infection the hair follicle spreading into perifollicular tissue Carbuncle: Several hair follicles

chronic immune (idiopathic) dermatitis non specific lesions: localized edema, papules, vesicles pruritus infection: scales, crusts, oozing Exogenous Eczema: irritants, allergens Endogenous Eczema: systematic immune disorders (SLE)