Chapter 18 – microbiology – Flashcards
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Microbiology
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The study of microorganisms
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Pathogenic
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Disease producing microorganisms
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Nonpathogenic
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Non disease producing microorganisms
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Virulent
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Capable of causing a serious disease
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Aerobes
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Bacteria that require oxygen to grow
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Anaerobes
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Bacteria that grow in absense of oxygen and are destroyed by oxygen
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FAcultive anaerobes
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Organisms that can grow in the presence or the absense of oxygen
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Protozoa
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A single celled microscopic animal without a rigid cell wall
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Provirus
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A hidden virus during the latency period
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Prions
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Very tiny infectious agents that do not contain DNA or RNA
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Spores
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Some bacteria can change into this highly resistant form. The most resistant form of life known.
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Spores
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The most resistant form of life known.
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Cruetzfeldt Jakob disease
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A rare chronic brain disease with the onset in middle to late life (40 to 60 years old)
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Oral candidiasis
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A yeast infection of the oral mucousa
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HBV
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Virus necessary for co-infection with HDV
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HAV
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A virus that is spread through the "fecal-oral" route.
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West Nile virus
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Spread by Mosquitos
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H1N1 flu virus
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A virus caused by type A viruses
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MRSA
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A bacterium that is resistant to some antibodies
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microbiology is important to the dental assistant
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The DA gains an enhanced understanding of infection control.
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Father of microbiology
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Louis Pasteur
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Joseph lister
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First to determine that microorganisms were responsible for hospital acquired infections
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Louis Pasteur
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Credited for discovering the rabies vaccine
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Primary shape of bacteria
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Bacillus-like
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Gram test
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Staining process for separating bacteria
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Prions differ from microorganisms because
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They contain only protein and no nucleic acid
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Bacteria causes
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Dental caries and periodontal disease
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Types of blood born hepatitis
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Hepatitis b, c, d
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Pontiac fever
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Type of legionnaires disease
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Tetanus, syphilis, TB
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Disease caused by bacteria
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The first oral indicator of syphilis
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A chancre
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Herpes simplex type 2
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Genital herpes
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Spirochetes
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Spiral shaped bacteria that have flexible walls and are capable of movement
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Rickettsiae
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Short, Nonmovable rods that normally live in the intestinal tract of insects (fleas, ticks, mosquitoes)
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Viral diseases
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Transmitted by 1-direct contact 2-insects 3-blood transfusions 4-contaminated food and water 5-inhalation of droplets expelled by coughing or sneezing
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Hepatitis A (HAV)
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A virus capable of affecting anyone Spread through "fecal-oral" transmissio Least sErious form of hepatitis
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Hep A vaccine
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Available for ages 2 and up
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"Fecal-oral" transmission
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Spread from person to person by putting something in mouth that has been contaminated with the stool of a person
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Prevent transmission of HAV
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Good personal hygiene Always washing hands after using bathroom or changing diapers
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Hepatitis B HBV
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Virus that causes a very serious disease and can be transmitted through body fluids including saliva
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Prolonged illnesses causes by Hep B
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Liver cancer Cirrhosis of the liver Liver failure Death
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Carriers
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Anyone that has had hbv or been exposed but did not get ill Patients who appear healthy and have no history can still spread hbv
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Responsible for 34% of all types of acute viral hepatitis
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Hepatitis B - HBV
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Contact with blood and saliva
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Cause Hep B to be a high risk for dental personnell
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Hepatitis B vaccination
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Highly effective and ALL dental personnel should be vaccinated because of high risk
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Hepatitis E HEV
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Transmitted through " fecal oral" route through contaminated food and water Most likely seen as an epidemic in developing countries Not a major concern In dental setting
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AIDS
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Acquired immunodificiency syndrome
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HIV
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Enters the body and infects and slowly kills the t-cells Causes AIDS
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Herpesvirus
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Double stranded DNA virus Causes: Herpes CMV Measles Kaposis sarcoma
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HErpes zoster virus
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HZV Causes singles and chickenpox
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Tuberculosis
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Caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis The leading cause of death from infectious diseases worldwide
