Chapter 17 Quiz ~ Study Plan – Flashcards

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The primary function of the heart is​ to:
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Circulate blood.
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When treating a patient with chest​ pain, the primary goal of the EMT is​ to:
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Recognize the possibility of cardiac compromise and provide proper care.
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Which of the following descriptors of pain is common in a patient suffering from chest pain secondary to a heart​ attack?
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Heavy.
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Prior to administering nitroglycerin to a patient with chest​ pain, the EMT must ensure that​ the:
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Nitroglycerin is prescribed for the patient.
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If it is required in your state that every ambulance must be staffed at a minimum with one EMT and one​ Paramedic, this requirement was established to meet which of the Technical Assistance Program Assessment Standards?
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Regulation and policy.
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Who is most likely to suffer a silent​ MI?
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55-year-old female with diabetes.
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You have just arrived by the side of a​ 68-year-old male complaining of chest pain. After determining his airway is patent and breathing​ adequate, it is imperative that you perform which action​ next?
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Check his radial pulse.
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Which of the following contributes to cardiac arrest more so in geriatric patients than pediatric​ patients?
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History of trauma.
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The term​ "depolarization" refers​ to:
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The contraction of the heart muscle.
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Based on your​ protocol, which one of the screening procedures may you be specifically asked to perform on certain patients with a suspected myocardial​ infarction?
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Fibrinolytic checklist.
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You are treating a patient complaining of altered mental​ status, shortness of​ breath, and chest pain. A paramedic has just administered a medication that causes the sympathetic nervous system to increase its influence in the body. Which one of the following actions should you​ anticipate?
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Increased heart rate.
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You are treating a patient who was dizzy and​ fell, sustaining a laceration to the forehead. He does not appear to be having a hypertensive crisis. Aside from determining the cause of the​ dizziness, how should you deal with the​ bleeding?
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Direct pressure and a bandage.
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The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration provides a set of recommended standards for EMS systems called the​ "Technical Assistance Program Assessment​ Standards." These ten standards include which one of the​ following?
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Medical direction.
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Your patient has chest​ pain, and you have just assisted him in taking his nitroglycerin tablet. Which of the following patient statements is the cause for greatest​ concern?
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​"The chest pain does not feel any​ different."
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When administering aspirin to a patient with chest pain that is suggestive of a heart​ attack, the EMT recognizes that this medication will benefit the patient​ by:
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Decreasing the ability of the platelets in the blood to form clots.
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If there are NOT electrical events occurring in the​ heart, then:
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There will be no mechanical events occurring in the heart either.
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Which of the following scene​ size-up observations would make you suspicious that a patient complaining of shortness of breath is suffering from congestive heart​ failure?
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Multiple pillows stacked at the head of his bed.
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This disease process happens when the coronary arteries are narrowed or occluded.
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Acute Coronary Syndrome.
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Which of the following blood vessels directly interface with cells throughout the​ body?
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Capillaries.
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Which of the following blood vessels primarily carry deoxygenated​ blood?
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Veins.
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The delivery of oxygen and​ nutrients, and the removal of waste products from the cells is called?
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Perfusion.
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Which statement accurately differentiates angina and myocardial​ infarction?
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The pain of angina usually goes away on its own.
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Two conditions related to cardiac compromise are angina pectoris and myocardial infarction. In comparing the​ two, remember:
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Nitroglycerin may give incomplete or no relief of myocardial infarction pain.
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When asking about the quality of the chest pain a patient with angina is​ experiencing, you are​ asking:
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If the pain is​ sharp, dull,​ burning, or squeezing.
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The majority of​ out-of-hospital deaths attributed to coronary artery disease are due to what sudden​ event?
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Lethal cardiac rhythm disturbance.
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Trace the pathway the blood takes through the heart and lungs.
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Vena​ cava, right​ atrium, right​ ventricle, lungs, left​ atrium, left​ ventricle, and aorta.
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Which of the following is TRUE regarding the heart and blood​ vessels?
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The pulmonary arteries are the only arteries that carry​ oxygen-depleted blood.
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The capillaries are a network of tiny blood​ vessels:
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That connect arterioles to venules.
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Cardiac muscle cells have one property that MOST skeletal and smooth muscle cells do NOT have. This property is known​ as:
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Automaticity.
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When the electrical impulse leaves the SA node and starts to travel down the conduction​ pathway, what happens​ mechanically?
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Atrial contraction.
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What pacemaker site in the heart serves as the primary​ pacemaker?
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Sinoatrial node.
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What is the terminal portion of the​ heart's conduction​ system?
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Purkinje fibers.
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The site in the​ heart's conduction system where the electrical impulse is temporarily slowed down to allow the ventricles to fill with blood is​ the:
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AV node.
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The cardiac conduction system allows the heart to generate electrical impulses. Trace an electrical impulse through the structures of the​ heart, in order.
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SA​ node, AV​ node, bundle of​ His, and Purkinje fibers.
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Of the three main portions of the ECG​ tracing, the portion that corresponds with the depolarization of the ventricles is​ the:
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QRS complex.
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During cardiac​ arrest, instead of coordinated​ contractions, the heart may show uncoordinated twitching known​ as:
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Ventricular fibrillation.
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Abnormal contractions of the ventricles in response to conduction system irritability from a lack of oxygen are​ called?
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PVCs.
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A lethal heart rhythm that can occur as a response to conduction system injury or​ death, and results in an absence of cardiac​ output, is​ called:
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Ventricular fibrillation.
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With the hypoxia and damage to the heart muscle that comes with ischemia or​ infarction, what can happen to the conduction cells of the​ myocardium?
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They may become damaged and fail.
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Which one of the following statements is TRUE regarding blood​ pressure?
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The smaller the artery the greater the resistance and the higher the diastolic pressure.
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If blood is NOT circulated adequately through the​ body's capillaries, cells become starved for oxygen and nutrients and overloaded with carbon dioxide and waste products. This condition is known​ as:
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Hypoperfusion.
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If a patient has hypoperfusion from a massive heart​ attack, what etiology of shock would this be​ considered?
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Cardiogenic.
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You are treating a patient with a very irregular pulse. Which of the following would be avoided in your treatment​ plan?
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Administration of epinephrine utilizing the​ patient's self injector.
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The​ EMT's treatment of a cardiac emergency while still on scene should include administering​ oxygen, assisting the patient into a position of​ comfort, administering​ aspirin, and:
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Expediting transport.
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Which of the following is a critical element in the​ EMT's field treatment of all myocardial infarction​ patients?
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Early recognition.
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Which of the following patients would likely have the highest risk for developing a heart​ attack?
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Elderly male who​ smokes, is​ obese, and lives a sedentary lifestyle.
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The disease process that results in a buildup of fatty deposits on the inner walls of the arteries is​ called:
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Atherosclerosis.
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You are treating a patient with severely swollen feet and a​ distended, spongy abdomen. You should suspect that the patient is suffering​ from:
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Congestive heart failure.
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If the patient you are treating has a BP of​ 90/60 mmHg and crushing chest​ pain, what would be the MOST appropriate​ treatment?
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Administer oxygen.
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When might an aspirin administered by the EMT be considered​ contraindicated?
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If the patient is known to be allergic to aspirin.
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A late sign of congestive heart failure would​ include:
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Jugular vein distension.
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A clot that develops in a blood vessel to the point that it occludes​ it, is called​ a:
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Thrombus.
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A condition in which the artery walls become hard and stiff due to calcium deposits is​ called:
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Arteriosclerosis.
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Heart failure is defined​ as:
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The​ heart's inability to pump a sufficient amount of blood from the ventricles.
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In events that compromise cardiac​ function, time becomes a crucial element for patient survival. Which of the following is TRUE regarding cardiac​ compromise?
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Any adult with chest pain should be treated as a cardiac emergency until proven otherwise.
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You are assessing a​ 58-year-old male who is short of breath and has very little energy. He normally leads a very sedentary lifestyle. You note that he has two past heart attacks and edema to his lower extremities. What is his MOST likely​ problem?
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Congestive heart failure.
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A clot or other matter that has traveled from another area of the body is called​ a/an:
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Embolus.
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What is the leading cause of death in adult​ females?
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Coronary heart disease.
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Besides​ females, what​ high-risk demographic is likely to present with atypical findings when experiencing ACS or a myocardial​ infarction?
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Diabetics.
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The symptoms of myocardial infarction in females​ are:
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Usually more​ subtle, or slightly different than those in males.
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Which of the choices is an atypical finding of a heart attack in​ females?
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Neck ache.
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A female patient is complaining of feeling tired over the past two​ days, associated with swelling of the​ ankles, epigastric​ pain, and nausea. This patient may be suffering​ from:
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A coronary event.
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You must reassess your patient within two minutes after administering​ nitroglycerin, as one of the side effects​ is:
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A decrease in blood pressure.
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You just administered nitro to a patient who has chest pain which was a​ 9/10. He suddenly gets very weak and feels dizzy. What should you​ do?
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Check his vitals and lay him down.
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You are assessing a​ 58-year-old male patient with a chief complaint of chest pain and difficulty breathing. He states that he has had crushing substernal pain for the past hour. He has his nitro with​ him, but just forgot to take it. Should you administer his nitro to​ him?
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​Yes, if his BP is above 90 mmHg systolic.
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Patients with known cardiac problems often will have been prescribed nitroglycerin for their chest pain. Nitroglycerin eases chest pain​ by:
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Increasing the diameter of blood vessels and decreasing the workload of the heart.
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If you are treating an elderly male in his​ 80s, and has a very slow​ pulse, but is still​ alert, what would be your FIRST​ priority?
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Inquire about his history and monitor his vital signs.
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What is the typical reason a pediatric patient goes into cardiac​ arrest?
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Airway and ventilatory problems
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When a patient tells you that he has chest pain and feels​ dizzy, the dizziness is referred to as​ a/n:
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Associated sign or symptom.
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You are assessing a patient complaining of chest pain which started about 45 minutes ago. He is​ pale, clammy, and has very little energy. His vitals are respirations of​ 24, pulse of​ 110, and BP of​ 94/60. What priority would you give this​ patient?
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High, due to the low blood pressure reading.
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The EMT is assisting a patient with chest pain to take his own nitroglycerin. If the patient continues to experience NO relief after one​ dose, the EMT​ should:
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Obtain medical control permission to administer a second dose.
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You are transporting a patient with a clinical presentation consistent with an acute coronary event. Assuming that all of the following receiving facilities are roughly the same distance from your​ location, which receiving facility would you transport​ to?
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The hospital with PCI capability.
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Which of the following is an absolute contraindication for receiving fibrinolytic​ therapy?
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History of an intracranial bleed.
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If a patient with an acute coronary syndrome presents to​ EMS, and the providers are able to resolve all pain through the use of nitrates and​ oxygen, why should this patient still be taken to a hospital capable of percutaneous coronary​ interventions?
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So that the cause of the MI can be more permanently resolved within a very narrow and​ time-sensitive window of opportunity.
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Which is an absolute contraindication for the use of fibrinolytic drugs in a patient experiencing a myocardial​ infarction?
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Active bleeding.
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You are evaluating a​ 72-year-old male who states he has pain from his belly into his back. On​ palpation, he seems to have a pulsatile mass in his abdomen. His vitals are respirations of​ 22, pulse of​ 110, and BP of​ 146/100 mmHg. What do you suspect his problem​ is?
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Aortic aneurysm.
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You are assessing a​ 58-year-old female who called EMS due to a​ nosebleed, bounding​ pulse, and ringing in her ears. Of the following what is the likely cause of these symptoms happening together​ today?
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Hypertensive emergency.
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The biggest concern when confronted with a patient who has had a nosebleed for the past few days is the potential for significant blood loss​ and:
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A hypertensive crisis.
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