Chapter 17.1 History – Flashcards
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Progressivism
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(began in the 1890s) movement in response to the social problems the arose form industrialization, urbanization, and immigration. The movement believed that new ideas and honest, efficient government could bring social justice. Still affects society today
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What types of people were in the Progressive Movement?
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All types. Everything from dissatisfied industrial workers to wealthy americans that wanted to act to better society. Most were from middle class
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What did progressivists want to do?
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correct social and political injustices by encouraging legislatures to pass laws that help the poor.
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What movement was progressivism similar to?
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Populist Movement-1800...this is a random ass fact but knowing PB it'll be on the test
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What was women's number one goal in the late 1800's?
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get the right to vote
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Political machine
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corrupt organizations whose bosses used bribery and violence to influence immigrant voters
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What was wrong with the Sherman Antitrust Act?
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Progressives believed it was ineffective at limiting the abuses of big businesses
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Trust busting
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Roosevelt liked to do this. What the middle class progressives wanted to do to create more economic opportunities for smaller businesses
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muckrakers
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Upton Sinclair was one. writers/journalists who exposed the ugly side of their subjects. aka the factories in "the jungle"
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Lincoln Steffens
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leading muckraker. editor at McClure's magazine. known for uncovering social problems. The Shame of Cities-collection of articles that exposed how Philly's government was corrupt with bribes and such. Revealed how political corruption can affect all aspects of life.
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Jacob Riis
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muckraker and photographer. How the other half lives-collection of pictures the showed the crowded rat infested tenements where the urban poor lives
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Walter Rauschenbusch
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believed Christianity should be the basis of social reform.
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Social Gospel
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Rauschenbusch blended the ideas of German socialism and American Progressivism to make society a "kingdom of god". Also urged to end child labor and have a shorter workweek. As well as pushing for the federal government to limit the power of corporations and trusts
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settlement house
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community center that provided social services to the urban poor. Workers gave mothers classes in child care and taught english to immigrants
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Jane Addams
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She was a leading figure in the settlement house movement. hull house-1889-grew to 13 buildings.
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Young Men's Christian Association
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YMCA-provided services to the poor also but was a religious organization
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Florence Kelley
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lawyer who helped convince the state of Illinois to ban child labor. Helped create the National Child Labor Committee.
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National Child Labor Committee
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influenced the federal government to create the US Children's Bureau
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Keating-Owens Act
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1916-Congress passed act to ban child labor, but in 1918 the Supreme Court ruled the law was unconstitutional and child labor didn't end till 1938
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John Dewey
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wanted to schools to teach subjects like history and geography, but also cooking and carpentry
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Shirtwaist Fire
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146 women killed when a fire broke out. reason NY passed laws to make workplaces safer, have more than one exit.
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Lochner v. New York
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Supreme Court ruled that 10 hour workday laws were unconstitutional
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Galveston, TX hurricane
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killed 8,000+ but the city replaced its mayor with a five person commission
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direct primary
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election in which citizens themselves vote to select nominees for upcoming elections. political reform
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initiative
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gave people the power to put a proposed new law directly on the ballot in the next election by collecting signatures on a petition. political reform
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referendum
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allowed citizens to approve or reject laws passed by a legislature. political reform
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recall
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gave voters the power to remove public servants from office before their terms ended. political reform
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What problems did muckrakers expose and what effects did their work have on progressive reform?
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Muckrakers exposed problems like political corruption, child labor, and safety issues with workers. Their work increased support for progressivism, which, in the long run, helped end child labor, get a shorter workweek, and improve the lives of the poor.
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Describe Walter Rauschenbusch's ideas about Social Gospel and the Progressive Movement.
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Walter Rauschenbusch thought Christianity should be the basis of social reform. To create the Social Gospel he combined ideas from German Socialism and American Progressivism. He also believed that child labor should end, workweeks should be shorter, and that the government should limit the power of corporations and trusts.
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Which groups in American society might have opposed Progressive reform? Explain.
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Corporations, corrupt politicians, and other businesses opposed progressive reform.
