Chapter 16 Example Questions – Flashcards
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Determination is crucial to success is an example of...
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theme
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Caravel
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a light, fast sailing ship with a rudder and lateen sails.
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Henry the navagator
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Son of King John I of Portugal, patron and supporter of explorers
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Vasco da gama
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Portuguese explorer who traveled to Calicut, India in 1497.
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Christopher columbus
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Italian sailor who traveled west to reach china but discovered islands in the Caribbean instead.
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Ferdinand Magellan
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First explorer to attempt the circumnavigate the globe; while he was killed on the way, some of his sailors completed the journey.
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Circumnavigate
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Travel completely around the world.
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Sir Francis Drake
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English explorer, second man to circumnavigate the globe.
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Henry Hudson
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Dutch sailor who looked unsuccessfully for the Northwest passage and explored the river that is now named after him.
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encomienda
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Spanish system in which a colonist received land and native American workers to whom he was required to teach christianity.
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Hernan cortes
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Spanish explorer and conquerer of Mexico's Aztec empire.
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Conquistador
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Spanish term for conqueror; name for Spanish military leaders who fought against the native peoples of the Americas.
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Moctezuma II
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Aztec emperor at the time of Cortes's conquest of Mexico.
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Francisco pizarro
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Conqueror of Inca Empire in Peru for the Spanish.
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Atahualpa
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Ruler of Inca empire killed by spanish invaders led by Pizzaro.
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viceroys
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Officials who ruled large areas of Spain's American colonies in the King's name.
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Bartolome de las casas
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Spanish priest who criticized treatment of native Americans. suggesting that slaves from Africa should be used instead.
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Treaty of Tordesillas
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Treaty signed in 1493 dividing the Americas between Spain and Portugal along an Imaginary line.
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Columbian Exchange
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The exchange of plants, animals, and diseases due to contact between the peoples of Europe and the Americas.
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Mercantilism
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The European economic policy that called for nations to gain wealth in order to build a strong military and expand influence.
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Balance of trade
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The amount of goods sold by a country against those purchased from other.
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subsidies
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Grants of money given by governments for purposes such as helping people start new businesses.
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Capitalism
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Economic system in which private individuals rather than governments perform most of the economic activity, with the goal of making a profit.
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Joint-stock Company
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A company in which investors buy shares of stock, receiving a portion of the profits, but only losing the amount of their investment if it failed.
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plantation
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Estates in the Americas where cash crops were grown on a large scale.
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triangular trade
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Trading network that brought goods from Europe to Africa to be traded for slaves, took the slaves to the Americas to be sold, then brought American goods back to Europe.
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Middle passage
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Name for the second leg of the triangle, bringing captive Africans to the Americans, where they were sold as slaves.
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Olaudah Equiano
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African who wrote about the horrific conditions Africans endured on Middle passage voyages.
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African diaspora
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The spread of people of African descent throughout the Americas and Western European as a result of the slave trade, eventually spreading African culture throughout the western world.
