Flashcards About Chapter 16
Flashcard maker : Julie Noel
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Caravel
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a light, fast sailing ship with a rudder and lateen sails.
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Henry
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the Navigator son of King John I of Portugal, patron and supporters of explorers.
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Vasco da Gama
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Portuguese explorer who traveled to Calicut, India in 1497.
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Christopher Columbus
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Italian sailor who traveled west to reach China but discovered islands in the Caribbean instead. //exist freely in cytoplasm on the surface of rough ER
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Ferdinand Magellan
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first explorer to attempt the circumnavigate the globe; while he was killed on the way, some sailors completed the journey.
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Circumnavigate
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travel completely around the world.
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Sir Francis Drake
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English explorer, second man to circumnavigate the globe.
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Henry Hudson
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Dutch sailor who looked unsuccessfully for the Northwest Passage and explored the river that is now named after him.
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Encomienda
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Spanish system in which a colonist received land and Native American workers to whom he was acquired to teach Christianity.
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Hernan Cortes
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Spanish explorer and conqueror of Mexico?s Aztec empire.
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Conquistador
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Spanish term for conqueror; name for Spanish military leaders who fought against the native peoples of Americas.
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Moctezuma II
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Aztec emperor at the time of Cortes conquest of Mexico.
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Francisco Pizarro
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conqueror of Inca empire in Peru for the Spanish.
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Atahualpa
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ruler of Inca empire killed by Spanish invaders led by Pizarro.
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Viceroys
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officials who ruled large areas of Spain?s American colonies in the kings name.
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Bartolome de Las Casas
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Spanish priest who criticized treatment of Native Americans, suggesting that slaves from Africa be used as laborers instead.
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Treaty of Tordesillas
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treaty signed in 1493 dividing the Americans between Spain and Portugal along an imaginary line
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Columbian Exchange
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the exchange of plants, animals, and diseases due to contact between the peoples of Europe and the Americans.
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Mercantilism
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the European economic policy called for nations to gain wealth in order to build strong military and expand influence.
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Balance of trade
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the amount of goods sold by a country against those purchased from other countries; a favorable balance of trade meant selling more goods than were bought.
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Subsidies
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grants of money given by governments for purposes such as helping people start new businesses.
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Capitalism
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economic system in which private individuals rather than governments perform most of the economic activity, with the goal of making a profit.
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Joint-stock company
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a company in which investors buy shares of stock, receiving a portion of the profits, but only losing the amount of their investment if it failed.
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Plantation
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estates in the Americas where cash crops were grown on a large scale.
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Triangular Trade
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grants of money given by governments for purposes such as helping people start new businesses.
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Middle Passage
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name for the second leg of the triangle, bringing captive Africans to the Americas, where they were sold slaves.
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Olaudah Equiano
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African who wrote about the horrific conditions Africans endured on Middle Passage voyages.
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African Diaspora
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the spread of people of African descent throughout the Americas and Western Europe as a result of the slave trade.
