Flashcards and Answers – Chapter 16
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African Diaspora
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the spread of people of African descent throughout the Americas and Western Europe as a result of the slave trade,eventually spreading African culture throughout the Western world
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Caravel
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a light, fast sailing ship with a rudder and lateen sails
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Henry the Navigator
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son of King John I of Portugal, patron and supporter of explorers
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Vasco de Gama
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Portuguese explorer who traveled to Calicut, India in 1497
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Christopher Columbus
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Italian sailor who traveled west to reach China but discovered islands in the Caribbean instead
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circumnavigate
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travel completely around the world
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Sir Francis Drake
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English explorer, second man to circumnavigate the globe
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Henry Hudson
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Dutch sailor who looked unsuccessfully for the Northwest passage and explored the river that is now named after him
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encomienda
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Spanish system in which a colonist received land and Native American workers to whom he was required to teach Christianity
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Hernan Cortes
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Spanish explorer and conqueror of Mexico's Aztec empire
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conquistador
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Spanish term for conqueror; name for Spanish military leaders who fought against the native peoples of the Americas
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Moctezuma II
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Aztec emperor at the time of Cortes?s conquest of Mexico
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Francisco Pizarro
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conqueror of Inca Empire in Peru for the Spanish
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Atahualpa
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ruler of Inca Empire killed by Spanish invaders led by Pizarro
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viceroys
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officials who ruled large areas of Spain's American colonies
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Barteolome de Las Casas
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Spanish priest who criticized treatment of Native Americans, in the king's name suggesting that slaves from Africa be used as laborers instead
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Treaty of Tordesillas
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treaty signed in 1493 dividing the Americas between Spain and Portugal along an imaginary line
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Columbian Exchange
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the exchange of plants, animals, and diseases due to contact between the peoples of Europe and the Americas
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mercantilism
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the European economic policy that called for nations to gain wealth in order to build a strong military and expand influence
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balance of trade
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the amount of goods sold by a country against those purchased from other countries: a favorable balance of trade meant selling more goods than were bought
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subsidies
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grants of money given by governments for purposes such as helping people start new businesses
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capitalism
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economic system in which private individuals rather than governments perform most of the economic activity, with the goal of making a profit
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joint-stock company
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a company in which investors buy shares of stock, receiving a portion of the profits, but only losing the amount of their investment if it failed
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plantation
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estates in the Americas where cash crops were grown on a large scale
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triangular trade
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trading network that brought goods from Europe to Africa to be traded for slaves, took the slaves to the Americas to be sold, then brought American goods back to Europe
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Middle Passage
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name for the second leg of the triangle, bringing captive Africans to the Americas, where they were sold as slaves
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Olaudah Equiano
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African who wrote about the horrific conditions Africans endured on Middle passage voyages
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African Dispora
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the spread of people of African descent through out the Americas and Western Europe as a result of slave trade, eventually spreading African culture through out the Western world
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Ferdinand Magellan
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first explorer to attempt the circumnavigate the globe, while he was killed on the way, some of his sailors completed the journey
