question

Marilyn judges her professor's strict class attendance policy to indicate a controlling personality rather than a necessity because of the limited number of class sessions in a course that meets only once a week. Her judgment best illustrates the ________ error.

answer

fundamental attribution

question

Cognitive dissonance theory is most helpful for understanding the impact of role-playing on ________.

answer

attitude change

question

Using the Asch procedure, conformity to group judgments would be LEAST likely when participants are not ________.

answer

observed by other group members when giving their answers

question

Research participants were told that Milgram's obedience experiments were designed to study ________.

answer

learning

question

Bonnie pedals a stationary bike at her health club much faster when other exercisers happen to be working out on nearby equipment. This best illustrates ________.

answer

social facilitation

question

When pressured to conform, people may do the opposite of what is expected as a way of increasing their sense of ________.

answer

personal control

question

When a group of racially prejudiced high school students discussed racial issues, their attitudes became even more prejudiced. This best illustrates ________.

answer

group polarization

question

Kelly, a Republican, and Carlos, a Democrat, both believe that members of their own political party are more fair-minded and trustworthy than members of other parties. Their beliefs best illustrate ________.

answer

ingroup bias

question

When visiting the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp shortly after World War II, one German civilian was said to have remarked, "What terrible criminals these prisoners must have been to receive such treatment." This reaction is best explained in terms of the ________ phenomenon.

answer

just-world

question

Studies have revealed diminished activity in the ________ of violent criminals.

answer

frontal lobes

question

After being heavily exposed to X-rated films, men are later ________ likely to perceive extramarital sex as troubling and _______ likely to perceive a woman's friendliness as sexual interest.

answer

less; more

question

When buying groceries, many shoppers prefer certain products simply because they have a familiar brand name. This preference best illustrates the importance of the ________ effect.

answer

mere exposure

question

Which theory best explains why the excitement that lingers after a frightening event can arouse passionate love?

answer

the two-factor theory

question

Mr. Hughes heard what sounded like cries for help from a swimmer who was 30 yards from the ocean shoreline. He continued walking along the beach, however, because he figured that one of the many swimmers in the area would provide help if it was needed. His reaction best illustrates the decision-making process involved in ________.

answer

the bystander effect

question

The hostilities between two racial groups in a riverfront community were dramatically reduced when the threat of their river flooding its banks required that they work together to save their town. This best illustrates the impact of ________.

answer

superordinate goals

question

The fundamental attribution error involves the tendency to ________ on another person's behavior.

answer

underestimate situational influences

question

Bart's friends convinced him to join them in smashing decorative pumpkins early one Halloween evening. Later that night he did not resist their pressures to throw eggs at passing police cars. Bart's experience best illustrates the ________.

answer

foot-in-the-door phenomenon

question

Professor Stewart wrote a very positive letter of recommendation for a student despite his doubts about her competence. Which theory best explains why he later began to develop a more favorable attitude about the student's abilities?

answer

cognitive dissonance theory

question

Research participants who worked beside someone who rubbed his or her face or shook his or her foot were observed to do the same thing themselves. This best illustrated the ________ effect.

answer

chameleon

question

Research participants believed that the Asch conformity test involved a study of ________.

answer

visual perception

question

Social facilitation is most likely to occur in the performance of ________ tasks.

answer

easy

question

In a study of social loafing, students were asked to pull on a rope as hard as they could. The students tugged hardest when they thought ________.

answer

no others were pulling with them

question

Frieda is typically very quiet and shy. As part of a huge rock concert crowd, she loses her inhibitions and becomes a screaming, dancing fan. Frieda's unusual behavior is best understood in terms of ________.

answer

deindividuation

question

Groupthink is fueled by a desire for ________.

answer

harmony

question

Prejudice is a(n) ________ and discrimination is a(n) ________.

answer

attitude; behavior

question

Evidence that people exhibit heightened levels of prejudice when they are economically frustrated offers support for the ________ theory.

answer

scapegoat

question

Alex has just learned that he did not make his school's football team. As a response, he tears apart the team uniforms and breaks several classroom windows. His behavior is best explained in terms of the ________ principle.

answer

frustration-aggression

question

People's physical attractiveness is a good predictor of their frequency of ________.

answer

dating

question

Although Natalie receives somewhat greater rewards from her marriage than does her husband, both are satisfied with the relationship because they each benefit in proportion to what they put into it. This best illustrates the significance of ________.

answer

equity

question

Although the leaders of two enemy nations admit to a buildup of their own military forces, each sees the other country's actions as unreasonable and motivated by evil intentions. This situation best illustrates ________ perceptions.

answer

mirror-image

question

Which of the following is true of zero-sum situations?

answer

They discourage trust and cooperation.

question

In a non-zero-sum game involving two players, both can ________ or ________, or ________ can happen

answer

win, lose; one can win and one can lose

question

When first meeting someone new, people usuallyrely on ________.

answer

first impressions

question

Solomon Asch discovered that when people look at lists of traits or hear about someone's traits, they are influenced primarily by ________ traits.

answer

central

question

If you see someone weaving through traffic at great speed, you might say he is a terrible driver and hope he gets stopped. What you don't know is that the driver is a husband rushing his wife to the hospital because she is about to deliver their baby. What you have just committed is the ________ error.

answer

fundamental attribution

question

Hamilton and Giffords' experiment showed how people are susceptible to making ________.

answer

illusory correlations

question

People rely on ________ because they have limited memory capacity and often have incomplete or flawed information about other people.

answer

stereotypes

question

Sherif's autokinetic phenomenon study demonstrated how people were likely to change their answers when the situation was ambiguous. This phenomenon is called ________ influence.

answer

informational social

question

Asch found that ________ percent of the real participants in his conformity experiment agreed with the wrong answer on at least one of the critical trials.

answer

74

question

The real participants in Asch's conformity studies conformed ________ when they could privately write their answers on a piece of paper.

answer

less

question

Social psychologists have found that conformity increases when a group is ________.

answer

unanimous

question

Sometimes people resist social influence by rebelling against social pressure. In psychology, this is called ________.

answer

reactance

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