question

1) The brain and spinal cord develop from the _____ neural tube. a) mesodermal b) endodermal c) ectodermal d) cranial e) caudal

answer

ectodermal

question

2) Which brain vesicle gives rise to the midbrain and cerebral aqueduct? a) Prosencephalon b) Mesencephalon c) Rhombencephalon d) Telencephalon e) Myelencephalon

answer

Mesencephalon

question

3) Which of the following is NOT a major region of the brain? a) Brain stem b) Cerebellum c) Cauda equina d) Diencephalon e) Cerebrum

answer

Cauda equina

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4) Which of the following brain structures consists of the medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain? a) Brain stem b) Cerebrum c) Cerebellum d) Diencephalon e) Dura mater

answer

Brain stem

question

5) Which of the following brain structures consists of the thalamus, hypothalamus and epithalamus? a) Cerebellum b) Brain stem c) Cerebrum d) Diencephalon e) Dura mater

answer

Diencephalon

question

6) Which of the following meninges has two layers? a) Spinal dura mater b) Cranial dura mater c) Spinal arachnoid mater d) Cranial arachnoid mater e) All of these choices

answer

Cranial Dura Mater

question

7) Which extension of the dura mater separates the two hemispheres of the cerebrum? a) Falx cerebri b) Falx cerebelli c) Tentorium cerebelli d) Tentorium cerebri e) None of these choices

answer

Flax Cerebri

question

8) Which of the following structures protect the brain by preventing the movement of harmful substances and pathogens from the blood into the brain tissue? a) Dura mater b) Arachnoid mater c) Cerebrospinal fluid d) Blood brain barrier e) All of these choices

answer

Blood Brain Barrier

question

9) Cerebrospinal fluid carries small amounts of chemicals like glucose from the _____ to neurons and neuroglia. a) interstitial fluid b) bile c) intracellular fluid d) arachnoid space e) blood

answer

Blood

question

10) Which of the following is a fluid-filled cavity located in each hemisphere of the cerebrum? a) Lateral ventricle b) Septum pellucidum c) Fourth ventricle d) Third ventricle e) Corpus callosum

answer

Lateral Ventricle

question

11) Which of the following is a narrow fluid-filled cavity found along the midline superior to the hypothalamus and between the right and left halves of the thalamus? a) Lateral ventricle b) Septum pellucidum c) Third ventricle d) Fourth ventricle e) Fifth ventricle

answer

Third Ventricle

question

12) Which of the following describes a function of cerebrospinal fluid? 1. Mechanical protection 2. pH homeostasis 3. Circulation a) 1 only b) 2 only c) 3 only d) Both 1 and 2 e) All of these choices

answer

All are correct

question

13) Which of the following are networks of capillaries that produce cerebrospinal fluid and are found in the walls of the ventricles of the brain? a) Choroid plexuses b) Lateral apertures c) Interventricular foramina d) Brachial plexuses e) Aqueduct of the midbrain

answer

Choroid Plexuses

question

14) Which fingerlike projections found in the dural venous sinuses reabsorb cerebrospinal fluid? a) Choroid plexuses b) Microvilli c) Arachnoid villi d) Dural villi e) Lemnisci

answer

Arachnoid Vili

question

15) Which of the following disorders is the most common brain disorder? a) Transient ischemic attack b) Alzheimer's disease c) Cerebrovascular accident d) Brain tumor e) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

answer

Cerebrovascular accident

question

16) Which brain structure is responsible for the "startle reflex" in response to loud sounds? a) Superior colliculus b) Inferior colliculus c) Pontine nucleus d) Medial lemniscus e) Arbor vitae

answer

Inferior colliculus

question

17) Which region of the brain contains the pontine respiratory group and apneustic areas that help control respiration? a) Spinal cord b) Midbrain c) Pons d) Thalamus e) Cerebellum

answer

Pons

question

18) Pyramids are a) gray matter protrusions found on the medulla oblongata. b) white matter protrusions found on the medulla oblongata. c) gray matter protrusions found on the pons. d) white matter protrusions found on the pons. e) a network of white and gray matter found in the medulla oblongata.

answer

white matter protrusions found on the medulla oblongata.

question

19) Which region of the brain contains the inferior olivary nucleus? a) Pons b) Medulla oblongata c) Pyramids d) Hypothalamus e) Midbrain

answer

Medulla Oblongata

question

20) Which of the following is a branch of the trigeminal (V) nerve? a) Opthalmic nerve b) Maxillary nerve c) Mandibular nerve d) All of these are branches of the trigeminal (V) nerve e) None of these are branches of the trigeminal (V) nerve

answer

All of the above are branches of the trigeminal (V) nerve

question

21) Which of the following is a nucleus found in the medulla oblongata that receives sensory information associated with touch, pressure and vibration? a) Tectum b) Superior colliculus c) Substantia nigra d) Pontine nucleus e) Gracile nucleus

answer

Gracile nucleus

question

22) Which of the following is a nucleus found in the midbrain that releases dopamine? a) Substantia nigra b) Inferior olivary nucleus c) Inferior colliculus d) Cerebral peduncle e) pontine nucleus

answer

Substantia nigra

question

23) Which portion of the cerebellum contributes to equilibrium and balance? a) Tentorium cerebelli b) Anterior lobe c) Posterior lobe d) Flocculonodular lobe e) Transverse fissure

answer

Flocculondular lobe

question

24) The cerebellar cortex consists of folia, which are a) parallel folds of white matter. b) found in the vermis only. c) portions of the pyramids. d) parallel folds of gray matter. e) used in the RAS system.

answer

parallel folds of the gray matter

question

25) Which structure carries sensory information coming from proprioceptors found in the trunk and limbs into the cerebellum? a) Inferior cerebellar peduncle b) Middle cerebellar peduncle c) Superior cerebellar peduncle d) Anterior lobe e) Posterior lobe

answer

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

question

26) Which region of the brain serves as the major relay station for most sensory impulses that reach the primary sensory areas of the cerebral cortex from the spinal cord and brain stem? a) Thalamus b) Hypothalamus c) Epithalamus d) Pons e) Midbrain

answer

Thalamus

question

27) Which of the following are NOT controlled by the hypothalamus? a) Hunger b) Thirst c) Blood calcium concentration d) Emotional behavior e) Body temperature

answer

Blood calcium concentration

question

28) Which of the following glands is directly controlled by hormones produced by the hypothalamus? a) Posterior pituitary gland b) Anterior pituitary gland c) Thymus gland d) Pancreas e) Pineal gland

answer

Anterior Pituitary gland

question

29) Which region of the brain contains the pineal gland? a) Thalamus b) Cerebellum c) Hypothalamus d) Cerebrum e) Epithalalmus

answer

Epithalalmus

question

30) During brain development, the gyri of the cerebrum are formed because a) the white matter enlarges faster than the overlying gray matter. b) the cerebrum grows faster than the dura mater. c) the hypothalamus is larger than the epithalamus. d) the gray matter grows faster than the underlying white matter. e) the lobes of the cerebrum are not symmetrical.

answer

the gray matter grows faster than the underlying white matter.

question

31) Which of the following structures conducts nerve impulses between the two different hemispheres of the cerebrum? a) Association tracts b) Corpus callosum c) Projection tracts d) Pyramids e) Sulci

answer

Corpus callosum

question

32) Together the lentiform and caudate nuclei are known as the a) globus pallidus. b) putamen. c) medial geniculate nucleus. d) corpus striatum. e) internal capsule.

answer

corpus striatum

question

33) Which of the following functional areas of the cerebrum is responsible for sensing body touch and temperature? a) Broca's area b) Primary visual area c) Common integrative area d) Prefrontal cortex area e) Primary somatosensory area

answer

Primary somatosensory area

question

34) Which of the following functional areas of the cerebrum is responsible for vision? a) Broca's area b) Primary visual area c) Common integrative area d) Primary olfactory area e) Primary somatosensory area

answer

Primary visual area

question

35) Which of the following functional areas of the cerebrum is responsible for conscious movements of the body? a) Broca's area b) Primary visual area c) Somatosensory association area d) Primary motor area e) Primary somatosensory area

answer

Primary motor area

question

36) Which of the following functional areas of the cerebrum is responsible for speech? a) Broca's area b) Primary gustatory area c) Common integrative area d) Prefrontal cortex area e) Primary somatosensory area

answer

Borca's area

question

37) Which of the following cranial nerves carries sensory information coming from the nasal cavity to the olfactory area of the cerebrum? a) olfactory (I) nerve (cranial nerve I) b) trigeminal (V) nerve (cranial nerve V) c) abducens (VI) nerve (cranial nerve VI) d) vestibulocochlear (VIII) nerve (cranial nerve VIII) e) vagus (X) nerve (cranial nerve X)

answer

olfactory (I) nerve (cranial nerve I)

question

38) Which of the following cranial nerves control movements of the eyeball? a) optic (II) nerve, oculomotor (III) nerve, and trochlear (IV) nerve b) olfactory (I) nerve, trigeminal (V) nerve, and vagus (X) nerve c) oculomotor (III) nerve, glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve, and trigeminal (V) nerve d) oculomotor (III) nerve, trochlear (IV) nerve, and abducens (VI) nerve e) vagus (X) nerve, accessory (XI) nerve, and hypoglossal (XII) nerve

answer

oculomotor (III) nerve, trochlear (IV) nerve, and abducens (VI) nerve

question

39) Cranial nerve V is also known as the _____ nerve. a) trochlear b) oculomotor c) trigeminal d) vagus e) abducens

answer

trigeminal nerve

question

40) Which of the following cranial nerves is responsible for regulating visceral activity? a) Oculomotor b) Trigeminal c) Spinal accessory d) Facial e) Vagus

answer

Vagus

question

41) Which of the following cranial nerves is primarily responsible for changing facial expressions? a) Oculomotor b) Trigeminal c) Spinal accessory d) Facial e) Vagus

answer

Facial

question

61) Hand preference when writing or throwing is an example of a) cranial nerve damage. b) hemispheric lateralization. c) damage to the olfactory nerve. d) damage to the Broca's area. e) None of these choices.

answer

hemispheric lateralization.

question

62) Patients with damage in the left hemisphere often exhibit aphasia (inability to use or comprehend words). This is an example of a) apraxia. b) delirium. c) cerebral lacerations. d) hemispheric lateralization. e) decussations.

answer

hemispheric lateralization.

question

63) An electroencephalogram (EEG) measures brain waves primarily generated by a) neurons in the pons. b) neurons in the medulla oblongata. c) neurons in the thalamus. d) neurons in the cerebral cortex. e) neurons in the cerebellum.

answer

d) neurons in the cerebral cortex.

question

64) This type of brain wave occurs at regular intervals when a person is awake but not when a person is sleeping. a) Alpha waves b) Beta waves c) Theta waves d) Delta waves. e) All of the selections are correct

answer

d) Delta

question

65) Brain waves that generally appear during periods of sensory input and mental activity are called a) alpha waves. b) beta waves. c) theta waves. d) delta waves. e) P waves.

answer

c) beta waves

question

66) Brain waves that appear during deep sleep are called a) alpha waves. b) beta waves. c) theta waves. d) delta waves. e) P waves.

answer

d) delta waves.

question

67) Blood flows to the brain through the _____ arteries and away from the brain through the _____ vein. a) internal carotid and vertebral; internal jugular b) external carotid and vertebral; external jugular c) internal jugular and vertebral; internal carotid d) internal carotid and axillary; internal jugular e) external jugular and axillary; external jugular

answer

a) internal carotid and vertebral; internal jugular

question

68) Which of the following statements best describes the structure of the blood-brain barrier that provides its functional characteristics? a) Processes of astrocytes wrap tightly around capillaries in the brain. b) Tight junctions tightly seal endothelial cells of capillaries in the brain. c) Gap junctions tightly seal endothelial cells of capillaries in the brain. d) Spot desmosomes tightly link capillary endothelial cells together. e) The basement membrane of capillaries in the brain contains extremely small pores.

answer

b) Tight junctions tightly seal endothelial cells of capillaries in the brain.

question

69) A deep indentation found along the medial plane that separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres is called the a) septum pellucidum. b) transverse fissure. c) tentorium cerebelli. d) corpus callosum. e) longitudinal fissure.

answer

e) longitudinal fissure.

question

70) The central sulcus of the cerebrum separates the a) two cerebral hemispheres. b) frontal lobe from the parietal lobe. c) frontal lobe from the temporal lobe. d) parietal lobe from the temporal lobe. e) temporal lobe from the occipital lobe.

answer

b) frontal lobe from the parietal lobe.

question

71) Which lobe of the cerebrum is found deep to the other four lobes and thus cannot be observed from the surface? a) occipital lobe b) temporal lobe c) parietal lobe d) insula e) corpus callosum

answer

d) insula

question

72) Which of the following types of tracts are used to conduct nerve impulses between gyri within the same cerebral hemisphere? a) Association tracts b) Commissural tracts c) Projection tracts d) Mammillothalamic tracts e) Stria medullaris

answer

a) Association tracts

question

73) Which three areas of gray matter found in each cerebral hemisphere are important in helping to control the initiation and termination of skeletal muscle movements? a) red nuclei b) vestibular nuclei c) lateral olivary nuclei d) basal nuclei e) autonomic ganglia

answer

d) basal nuclei

question

74) Damage to which portion of the limbic system results in loss of memory of recent events and difficulty committing anything new to memory? a) amygdala b) dentate gyrus c) cingulate gyrus d) hippocampus e) septal nuclei

answer

d) hippocampus

question

75) A common type of disabling senile dementia that affects about 11% of the population over 65 and results in loss of reasoning and ability to care for oneself, is called a) agnosia. b) prosopagnosia. c) Alzheimer disease. d) transient ischemic attack syndrome. e) amylotrophic lateral sclerosis.

answer

c) Alzheimer disease.

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