Chapter 14 & 15 – Flashcards

1. In ancient times holes were cut in an ill person’s head to let out evil spirits in a process called __________.

2. __________ believed that mental illness came from an imbalance in the body’s four humors.

3. The study of abnormal behavior is called __________.

4. A pattern of behavior that causes people significant distress, causes them to harm others, or harms their ability to function in daily life is called a __________ __________.

5. Anything that does not allow a person to function within or adapt to the stresses and everyday demands of life is called __________.

6. The _________ model explains behavior as caused by biological changes in the chemical, structural, or genetic systems of the body.

7. __________ __________ assume that abnormal behavior stems from repressed conflicts and urges that are fighting to become conscious.

8. Abnormal behavior is seen as learned by __________.

9. __________ __________ see abnormal behavior as coming from irrational beliefs and illogical patterns of thought.

10. __________ __________ is the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.

11. Disorders found only in particular cultures are known as __________ __________.

12. A manual of psychological disorders and their symptoms is called the __________ __________ __________ __________.

13. One of the most common psychological disorders worldwide is __________.

14. Disorders in which the main symptoms are excessive or unrealistic anxiety and fearfulness are called __________ disorders.

15. A __________ is an irrational, persistent fear of an object, situation, or social activity.

16. The fear of being in a place or situation from which escape is difficult or impossible is called __________.

17. The disorder in which intruding, recurring thoughts or obsessions create anxiety that is relieved by performing a repetitive, ritualistic behavior (compulsion) is called __________ __________.

18. A person is said to have a __________ __________ when panic attacks occur frequently enough to cause the person difficulty in adjusting to daily life.

19. __________ __________ __________ is a disorder in which a person has feelings of dread and impending doom along with physical symptoms of stress, which lasts six months or more.

20. A __________ __________ is a disorder that takes the form of bodily illnesses and symptoms but for which there are no real physical disorders.

21. A __________ __________ is a disorder in which psychological stress causes a real physical disorder or illness.

22. __________ is a somatoform disorder in which the person is terrified of being sick and worries constantly, going to doctors repeatedly, and becoming preoccupied with every sensation of the body.

23. The somatoform disorder in which the person experiences a specific symptom in the somatic nervous system’s functioning, such as paralysis, numbness, or blindness, for which there is no physical cause is called __________ __________.

24. A loss of memory for personal information, either partial or complete, is known as __________ __________.

25. __________ __________ is traveling away from familiar surroundings with amnesia for the trip and possible amnesia for personal information.

26. __________ __________ __________ is a disorder occurring when a person seems to have two or more distinct personalities within one body.

27. In psychology, an emotional reaction is called the __________.

28. A disorder that consists of mood swings from moderate depression to hypomania and lasts two years or more is called __________.

29. A __________ __________ is severe depression that comes on suddenly and seems to have no external cause.

30. __________ __________ is severe mood swings between major depressive episodes and manic episodes.

31. When an individual has excessive excitement, energy, and elation or irritability, it is known as __________.

32. A severe disorder in which the person suffers from disordered thinking, bizarre behavior, hallucinations, and is unable to distinguish between fantasy and reality is called __________.

33. When someone does not have the ability to perceive what is real and what is fantasy, we say they are __________.

34. The __________ __________ of schizophrenia are excesses of behavior or occur in addition to normal behavior; hallucinations, delusions, and distorted thinking.

35. The __________ __________ of schizophrenia are lacks of behaviors or less-than-normal behavior like poor speech or loss of affect.

36. False sensory perceptions, such as hearing voices that do not really exist, are called __________.

37. False beliefs held by a person who refuses to accept evidence of their falseness are called __________.

38. The type of schizophrenia in which behavior is bizarre and childish and thinking, speech, and motor actions are very disordered is called __________ schizophrenia.

39. The type of schizophrenia in which the person suffers from delusions of persecution, grandeur, and jealousy, together with hallucinations is called __________ schizophrenia.

40. A disorder in which a person adopts a persistent, rigid, and maladaptive pattern of behavior that interferes with normal social interactions is a __________ __________.

41. __________ __________ __________ is a disorder in which a person has no morals or conscience and often behaves in an impulsive manner without regard for the consequences of that behavior.

42. __________ __________ __________ is a maladaptive personality pattern in which the person is moody, unstable, lacks a clear sense of identity, and often clings to others.

43. __________ __________ __________ is a mood disorder caused by the body’s reaction to low levels of sunlight in the winter months.

1. A treatment method aimed at making people feel better and function more effectively is called __________.

2. __________ is a therapy for mental disorders in which a person with a problem talks with a psychological professional.

3. __________ __________ is a therapy for mental disorders in which a person with a problem is treated with biological or medical methods to relieve symptoms.

4. __________ __________ became famous for demanding that the mentally ill be treated with kindness, personally unlocking the chains of inmates in France.

5. An insight therapy based on the theory of Freud, emphasizing the revealing of unconscious conflicts is called __________.

6. A Freudian technique in which a patient was encouraged to talk about anything that came to mind without fear of negative evaluations is called __________ __________.

7. __________ occurs when a patient becomes reluctant to talk about a certain topic, either changing the subject or becoming silent.

8. In psychoanalysis, the tendency for a patient or client to project positive or negative feelings for important people from the past onto the therapist is known as __________.

9. A nondirective insight therapy based on the work of Carl Rogers in which the client does all the talking and the therapist listens is called __________ __________.

10. A form of directive insight therapy in which the therapist helps clients to accept all parts of their feelings and subjective experiences, using leading questions and planned experiences such as role-playing is called __________ __________.

11. Action therapies based on the principles of classical and operant conditioning and aimed at changing disordered behavior without concern for the original causes of such behavior are called __________ __________.

12. __________ __________ is a behavior technique used to treat phobias, in which a client is asked to make a list of ordered fears and taught to relax while concentrating on those fears.

13. A form of behavioral therapy in which an undesirable behavior is paired with an aversive stimulus to reduce the frequency of the behavior is known as __________ __________.

14. __________ is a technique for treating phobias and other stress disorders in which the person is rapidly and intensely exposed to the fear-provoking situation or object and prevented from making the usual avoidance or escape response.

15. __________ is the strengthening of a response by following it with a pleasurable consequence or the removal of an unpleasant stimulus.

16. A __________ __________ is the use of objects called tokens to reinforce behavior in which the tokens can be accumulated and exchanged for desired items or privileges.

17. The removal of a reinforcer to reduce the frequency of a behavior is called _________.

18. __________ is an extinction process in which a person is removed from the situation that provides reinforcement for undesirable behavior.

19. The type of therapy in which the focus is on helping clients recognize distortions in their thinking and replace distorted, unrealistic beliefs with more realistic, helpful thoughts is called __________ __________.

20. __________ __________ therapy is a cognitive-behavioral therapy in which clients are directly challenged in their irrational beliefs and helped to restructure their thinking into more rational belief statements.

21. __________ __________ is a form of group therapy in which family members meet together with a counselor or therapist to resolve problems that affect the entire family.

22. A therapy style that results from combining elements of several different therapy techniques is known as __________ _________.

23. Psychotherapy that is offered on the Internet is known as __________. It also has been called online, Internet, or Web therapy or counseling.

24. Therapies that directly affect the biological functioning of the body and brain are known as _________ __________.

25. The use of drugs to control or relieve the symptoms of psychological disorders is known as __________.

26. __________ __________ are drugs used to treat psychotic symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, and other bizarre behavior.

27. Drugs used to treat and calm anxiety reactions, and are typically minor tranquilizers, are known as _________ _________.

28. __________ __________ are used to treat bipolar disorder and include lithium and certain anticonvulsant drugs.

29. Drugs used to treat depression and anxiety are called __________ ____________.

30. A form of biomedical therapy to treat severe depression in which electrodes are placed on either one or both sides of a person’s head and an electric current is passed through the electrodes that is strong enough to cause a seizure or convulsion is called __________ __________.

31. __________ is surgery performed on brain tissue to relieve or control severe psychological disorders.