question

Stressors

answer

Specific events or chronic pressures that place demands on a person or threaten the person's well-being.

question

Stress

answer

The physical and psychological response to internal or external stressors.

question

Health Psychology

answer

The subfield of psychology concerned with the ways psychological factors influence the causes and treatment of physical illness and the maintenance of heath.

question

Stress has a _________ influence on health

answer

Profound

question

By adding up the stress ratings of each life-change experienced,

answer

is a significant indicator of a person's likeliness of future illness

question

Chronic Stressors

answer

sources of stress that occur continuously or repeatedly (strained relationships, discrimination, bullying)

question

Learned Helplessness

answer

The belief that one has no control over one's situation based on past experiences. (Dogs getting shocked without escape, then not trying to escape when there is a way out)

question

what kinds of stressors are you likely to be exposed to if you live in a dense urban area with considerable traffic, noise, and pollution?

answer

Chronic stressors

question

According to the College Undergraduate Stress Scale, which of these are most stressful

answer

1. concerns about appearance 2. lack of sleep 3. getting sick answer: LACK OF SLEEP!

question

Fight-or-flight response

answer

an emotional and physiological reaction to an emergency that increases readiness for action

question

general adaption syndrome (GAS)

answer

a three stage physiological stress response that appears regardless of the stressor that is encountered

question

three stages of GAS:

answer

1. Alarm Phase (equivalent to fight or flight) 2. Resistance Phase 3. Exhaustion Phase

question

Alarm phase

answer

the body rapidly mobilizes its resources to respond to a threat.

question

resistance phase

answer

the body tries to adapt and cope with the stressor by shutting down unnecessary processes such as digestion, growth and the sex drive

question

exhaustion phase

answer

the body's resistance collapses, creating damage that can include susceptibility to infection, tumor growth, aging, irreversible organ damage or death.

question

stress significantly accelerates the

answer

ageing process

question

telomeres

answer

caps at the end of each chromosome that protects the ends of chromosomes and prevent them from sticking to each other.

question

each time a cell divides

answer

telomeres become slightly shorter

question

people exposed to chronic stess

answer

have shorter telomere lengths

question

immune system

answer

complex response system that protects the body from bacteria, viruses, and other foreign substances.

question

stressors can cause hormones called

answer

glucocorticoids, to flood the brain, wearing down the immune system and making it less able to fight invaders.

question

an example of how stress can effect the immune system:

answer

medical student volunteers agreed to receive small wounds to the roof of their mouth. researchers observed that these wounds healed more slowly during exams period than during summer vacation.

question

living life at the bottom levels of society can increase risk of

answer

infection by weakening the immune system.

question

Chronic stress is a major contributor to

answer

coronary heart disease

question

Type A behavior pattern

answer

a tendency toward easily aroused hostility, impatience, a sense of time urgency, and competitiveness achievement strivings

question

psychological Reactions

answer

1. Stress interpretation 2. Burnout

question

stress interpretation

answer

primary secondary

question

primary appraisal

answer

allows you to realize that a small dark spot on your shirt is a stressor (spider!)

question

secondary appraisal

answer

determining whether the stressor is something you can handle or not. That is whether you have control over the event.

question

burnout

answer

state of physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion created by longterm involvement in an emotionally demanding situation and accompanied by lowered performance and motivation.

question

the brain activation that occurs in response to a threat begins in the

answer

hypothalamus

question

according to the general adaption syndrome, during the ------ phase, the body adapts to its high state of arousal as it tries to cope with a stressor

answer

resistance

question

this is true regarding the physiological response to stress

answer

the immune system is remarkably responsive to psychological influences

question

Mind development (three strategies)

answer

1. repressive coping (run away from the stressor) 2. rational coping (face the reality of the stressor) 3, reframing (finding a new way to think about the stressor)

question

repressive coping

answer

avoiding situations or thoughts that are reminders of a stressor

question

rational coping

answer

facing the stressor and working to overcome it

question

reframing

answer

finding a new creative way to think about the stressor that reduced its threat.

question

Body Management

answer

1. Meditation 2. Relaxation 3. Biofeedback 4. Aerobic Exercise

question

Meditation

answer

practice of intentional contemplation focuses on -clearing the mind and thought -on a single thought -concentration on breathing or mantra (om)

question

Relaxation Therapy

answer

technique for reducing tension by consciously relaxing muscles of the body

question

Relaxation Response

answer

a condition if reduced muscle tension, cortical activity, heart rate, breathing rate, and blood pressure

question

Biofeedback

answer

the use of external monitoring device to obtain information about a bodily function and possibly gain control over that function. - can help people control physiological functions they are not otherwise aware of.

question

Aerobic Exercise

answer

exercise that increases the heart rate and oxygen intake for a sustained period.

question

Situation Management

answer

1. Social Support 2. Religious Experiencing 3. Humor

question

Social support

answer

aid gained through interacting with others

question

stress reaction in men:

answer

fight or flight response. Nervous system arousal- epinephrine and norepinephrine released

question

Stress reaction for females:

answer

tend and befriend stress response (which may explain why women are healthier and have a strong life span than do men). Nervous system arousal- epinephrine and norepinephrine released as well as oxytocin (in nursing mothers, etc.). Oxytocin in the presence of estrogen triggers social responses.

question

Religious Experiencing

answer

... page 426

question

religiosity

answer

affiliation with or engagement in the practices of a particular religion

question

spirituality

answer

having a belief in and engagement with some higher power, not necessarily linked to any particular religion.

question

engagement in religious/spiritual practices may lead to development of a stronger and more extensive social network, has well known

answer

health benefits

question

Humor

answer

can diffuse sensitivity to pain and stress study: participants were more tolerant of the pain from an overinflated blood pressure cuff during laughter inducing comedy audiotape than during a neutral tape or instructed relaxation.

question

meditation is an altered state of consciousness that occurs

answer

naturally or through special practices.

question

finding a new or creative way to think about a stressor is

answer

reframing

question

the positive health outcomes associated with religiosity and spirituality are believed to be the result of

answer

-engagement in healthier behavior -endorsement of hope and optimism -intercessory prayer

question

psychosomatic illness

answer

an interaction between mind and body that can produce illness.

question

somatic symptom disorders

answer

set of psychological disorders in which a person with at least one bodily symptom displays significant health related anxiety, expresses disproportionate concerns about symptoms, and devotes excessive time and energy to symptoms or health concerns.

question

sick role

answer

a socially recognized set of rights and obligations linked with illness

question

malingering

answer

medical or psychological symptoms to achieve something they want. Faking illness to skip school- malingering can be difficult to diagnose and treat

question

a person who is preoccupied with minor symptoms and believes they signify a life threatening illness is likely to be diagnosed with

answer

a somatic symptom disorder

question

faking an illness is a violation of

answer

malingering

question

what describes a successful health care provider

answer

-display empathy, pays attention to both the physical -psychological state of the patient -uses psychology to promote patient compliance

question

two kinds of psychological factors influence personal health:

answer

1. health relevant personality traits 2. health behavior

question

optimism

answer

one that most strongly predicted a positive outcome for cardiovascular health. -positive emotions when sick -avoid negative emotions such as anxiety and depression -stick to medical regiments their caregivers prescribe -keep their relationships with others -engage in healthier behaviors

question

Hardiness: stress resistance group shared these traits

answer

-Commitment- ability to become involved in life's tasks and encounter rather than just dabbling. -Control- the expectation that their actions and words have a casual influence over their live's and environments -Challenge- undertaking change and accepting opportunities for growth

question

health promoting behaviors and self regulation

answer

-self regulation -eating wisely -avoiding sexual risks -not smoking

question

self regulation

answer

exercise of voluntary control over the self to bring the self into line with preferred standards.

question

self regulation often involves putting immediate gratification for

answer

long term gains.

question

when sick, optimists are likely to

answer

maintain positive attitudes

question

traits associated with Hardiness

answer

sense of commitment belief in control willingness to accept challenge

question

Stress _________ the self-regulation of behaviors such as eating and smoking.

answer

disrupts

Chapter 13: Stress and Health

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards