Chapter 13: Psychological Disorders – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
hallucinations
answer
perceptions experienced in the absence of external stimuli
question
delusions
answer
fixed but patently false beliefs, such as believing that one thing is being hounded by demons
question
culture-bound syndrome
answer
psychological disorders found in only one or a few cultures
question
dhat syndrome
answer
a culture-bound syndrome found in India in which men develop intense fears about losing semen
question
medical model
answer
a framework for understanding abnormal behavior patterns as symptoms of underlying physical disorders and diseases
question
biopsychosocial model
answer
an integrative model for explaining abnormal behavior patterns in terms of the interactions of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors
question
diathesis-stress models
answer
type of biopsychosocial model that relates the development of disorders to the combination of a diathesis, or predisposition, usually genetic in origin, and exposure to stressful events or life circumstances
question
diathesis
answer
a vulnerability or predisposition to developing a disorder
question
psychological disorders
answer
abnormal behavior patterns characterized by disturbances in behavior, thinking, perceptions, or emotions that are associated with a significant personal distress or impaired functioning
question
anxiety disorders
answer
a class of psychological disorders characterized by excessive or inappropriate anxiety reactions
question
phobias
answer
excessive fears of particular objects or situations
question
social phobia
answer
excessive fear of social situations
question
specific phobia
answer
phobic reactions involving specific situations or objects
question
acrophobia
answer
excessive fear of heights
question
claustrophobia
answer
excessive fear of enclosed spaces
question
agoraphobia
answer
irrational fear of being in public places
question
panic disorder
answer
repeated episodes of sheer terror called panic attacks
question
generalized anxiety disorder
answer
persistent and generalized anxiety and worry
question
OCD
answer
repeated occurence of obsessions and/or compulsions
question
anxiety sensitivity
answer
fear of fear
question
dissociative disorders
answer
class of psychological disorders involving changes in consciousness, memory, or self identity
question
somataform disorders
answer
involves physical ailments or complaints that cannot be explained by organic causes
question
dissociative identity disorder
answer
appearance of multiple personalities in the same individual
question
conversion disorder
answer
somataform disorder characterized by a change or loss of physical function that cannot be explained by medical causes
question
hypochondriasis
answer
excessive concern that ones physical complaints are signs of underlying serious illness
question
secondary gain
answer
reward value of having a psychological or physical symptom
question
mood disorders
answer
class of psychological disorders involving disturbances in mood states, such as major depression and bipolar disorder
question
major depressive disorder
answer
most common type of depressive disorder
question
seasonal affective disorder
answer
recurring pattern of winter depression followed by elevations of mood in spring and summer
question
dysthymic disorder
answer
mild but chronic depression
question
bipolar disorder
answer
mood swings from extreme elation to severe depression
question
manic episodes
answer
periods of mania, usually elevated mood and extreme restlessness
question
cyclothymic disorder
answer
chronic patter of relatively mild mood swings
question
learned helplessness model
answer
view that depression results from the perception of a lack of control over ones fate
question
attributional style
answer
persons characteristic way of explaining outcomes of events in his or her life
question
depressive attributional style
answer
a charactawistic way of explaining negative events of internal, stable, and global causes
question
disinhibition effect
answer
removal of normal restraints or inhibitions that serve to keep impulsive behavior in check
question
schizophrenia
answer
disturbances in thinking, perception, emotions, and behavior
question
psychotic disorder
answer
characterized by a "break" with reality
question
thought disorder
answer
breakdown in the logical structure of thought and speech
question
positive symptoms
answer
symptoms of schizophrenia involving behavioral excesses such as hallucinations and delusions
question
negative symptoms
answer
Schizophrenic symptoms that involve behavioral deficits, such as flattened emotions, social withdrawal, apathy, impaired attention, and poverty of speech.
question
disorganized type
answer
subtype of schizophrenia characterized by confused behavior and disorganized delusions, among other features
question
catatonic type
answer
subtype of schizophrenia characterized by bizarre movements, postures, or grimaces
question
waxy flexibility
answer
feature of catatonic schizophrenia in which people rigidly maintain the body position or posture in which they are placed by others
question
paranoid type
answer
most common subtype of schizophrenia, characterized by the appearance of delusional thinking accompanied by frequent auditory hallucinations
question
personality disorders
answer
psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning
question
narcissistic personality disorder
answer
type of personality disorder characterized by a grandiose sense of self
question
paranoid personality disorder
answer
type of personality disorder characterized by extreme suspiciousness or mistrust of others
question
schizoid personality disorder
answer
type of personality disorder characterized by social aloofness and limited range of emotional expression
question
borderline personality disorder
answer
a personality disorder characterized by lack of stability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotion; impulsivity; angry outbursts; intense fear of abandonment; recurring suicidal gestures
question
antisocial personality disorder
answer
a personality disorder characterized by amorality and lack of affect
question
paranoid personality disorder
answer
type of personality disorder characterized by extreme suspiciousness or mistrust of others
question
schizoid personality disorder
answer
type of personality disorder characterized by social aloofness and limited range of emotional expression
question
schizotypal personality disorder
answer
a personality disorder characterized by detachment from, and great discomfort in, social relationships; odd perceptions, thoughts, beliefs, and behaviors
question
antisocial personality disorder
answer
a personality disorder characterized by amorality and lack of affect
question
borderline personality disorder
answer
a personality disorder characterized by lack of stability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotion; impulsivity; angry outbursts; intense fear of abandonment; recurring suicidal gestures
question
histrionic personality disorder
answer
excessive emotionality, need for attention
question
narcissistic personality disorder
answer
type of personality disorder characterized by a grandiose sense of self
question
avoidant personality disorder
answer
social inhibitions, feelings of inadequacy
question
dependent personality disorder
answer
a personality disorder characterized by helplessness; excessive need to be taken care of; submissive and clinging behavior; difficulty in making decisions
question
obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
answer
excessive needs for orderliness and attention to detail
question
brain abnormalities
answer
common in schizophrenic patients
question
prefrontal cortex and limbic systems
answer
areas most affected by schizophrenia
question
antipsychotic drugs
answer
used to quell hallucinations and delusions
question
causes of schizophrenia
answer
genetic factors, biochemical imbalances, brain abnormalities, psychosocial influences and stress
question
Van Gogh
answer
artist that suffered from terrible bouts of depression that led to his eventual suicide
question
suicide
answer
purposefully taking ones own life
question
causes of mood disorders
answer
psychological factors, biological factors
question
dissociative amnesia
answer
loss of memory for info about themselves or their life experiences
question
causes of anxiety disorders
answer
biological factors, psychological factors
question
types of anxiety disorders
answer
phobias, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, OCD
question
medical model
answer
biological underpinnings of abnormal behavior
question
psychodynamic model
answer
unconscious conflicts and motives underlying abnormal behavior; freud
question
behavioral model
answer
learning experience that shaped development of abnormal behavior
question
humanistic model
answer
roadblocks that hinder self-awareness and self-acceptance
question
cognitive model
answer
faulty thinking underlying abnormal behavior
question
sociocultural model
answer
development of abnormal behavior and relationships between abnormal behavior and ethnicity, gender, culture, and socioeconomic level
question
biopsychosocial model
answer
biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors
question
clinical disorders
answer
impair functioning or cause distress
question
personality disorders
answer
excessively rigid, enduring, and maladaptive ways of relating to others
question
metal retardation
answer
generalized delay or impairment in intellectual and adaptive skills or abilities
question
general medical conditions
answer
illnesses and other medical conditions that are important of treatment to person's psychological disorder
question
psychosocial and environmental problems
answer
problems in person's social or physical environment that may effect diagnosis, treatment, or outcome of a disorder
question
global assessment of functioning
answer
overall judgment of a persons level of functioning
question
multiaxial DSM system
answer
chart showing type of disorder and brief descriptions and examples
question
humanistic model
answer
roadblocks that hinder self-awareness and self-acceptance
question
suicide
answer
found in many life stages, is one of the leading causes of death in adolescents
question
mental retardation
answer
a condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score of 70 or below and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life; varies from mild to profound
question
acrophobia
answer
a morbid fear of great heights
question
DSM-IV-TR
answer
fourth text-revised edition of the book of Diagnostic and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders
