Chapter 13 Practice Questions – Flashcards
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According to Freud, a patient's hesitation to free associate is most likely a sign of Select one: a. spontaneous recovery. b. resistance. c. transference. d. meta-analysis. e. the placebo effect.
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b. resistance.
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According to psychoanalysts, resistance refers to the Select one: a. expression toward a therapist of feelings linked with earlier relationships. b. aversive conditioning resulting in phobias or anxieties. c. conversion of psychological conflicts into physical and behavioral disorders. d. replacement of a genuine concern for others with self-centeredness. e. blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material during therapy.
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e. blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material during therapy.
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Although Ethan is actually doing very well in college, he feels depressed and academically incompetent. His therapist has instructed him to explain in writing how his own hard work and personal abilities contributed to each of the good grades he received during the previous semester. This therapeutic procedure is most characteristic of ________ therapy. Select one: a. cognitive b. humanistic c. psychoanalytic d. biomedical e. behavior
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a. cognitive
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An important feature of client-centered therapy is Select one: a. free association. b. systematic desensitization. c. active listening. d. interpretation. e. transference.
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c. active listening.
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An integrated therapy that aims to modify both self-defeating thinking and maladaptive actions is known as Select one: a. cognitive-behavioral therapy. b. psychopharmacology. c. meta-analysis. d. biomedical therapy. e. light exposure therapy.
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a. cognitive-behavioral therapy.
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As a therapist, Dr. Cioffi often uses systematic desensitization. She also considers active listening to be an invaluable therapeutic tool, and she frequently makes use of free association. Dr. Cioffi's therapeutic approach would best be described as Select one: a. eclectic. b. psychoanalytic. c. client-centered. d. behavioral. e. meta-analytic.
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a. eclectic.
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Aversive conditioning involves Select one: a. identifying a hierarchy of anxiety-arousing experiences. b. depriving a client of access to an addictive drug. c. replacing a negative response to a harmless stimulus with a positive response. d. associating unwanted behaviors with unpleasant experiences. e. systematically controlling the consequences of patients' maladaptive behaviors.
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d. associating unwanted behaviors with unpleasant experiences.
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Benny's mother tries to reduce his fear of sailing by giving the 3-year-old his favorite candy as soon as they board the boat. The mother's strategy best illustrates Select one: a. counterconditioning. b. the placebo effect. c. aversive conditioning. d. transference. e. cognitive therapy.
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a. counterconditioning.
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Carl Rogers is known for the development of Select one: a. cognitive therapy. b. client-centered therapy. c. the token economy. d. therapeutic touch. e. systematic desensitization.
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b. client-centered therapy.
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Cognitive therapists are most likely to emphasize that emotional disturbances result from Select one: a. self-blaming and overgeneralized explanations of bad events. b. chemical abnormalities within the brain. c. poverty, unemployment, racism, and sexism. d. overly permissive child-rearing practices. e. repressed, unconscious wishes and desires resulting in fixations.
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a. self-blaming and overgeneralized explanations of bad events.
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Dr. Miller prescribes drugs for the treatment of chronic depression, and she encourages rest and relaxation training for clients suffering from excessive anxiety. It is most likely that Dr. Miller is a Select one: a. cognitive therapist. b. clinical social worker. c. interpersonal therapist. d. client-centered therapist. e. psychiatrist.
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e. psychiatrist.
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Free association involves the Select one: a. therapeutic interpretation of a client's unconscious conflicts. b. uncensored reporting of any thoughts that come to mind. c. repeated association of a relaxed state with anxiety-arousing stimuli. d. replacement of a negative response to a harmless stimulus with a positive response. e. expression toward a therapist of feelings linked with earlier relationships.
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b. uncensored reporting of any thoughts that come to mind.
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Helping people gain insight into the unconscious origins of their disorder is a central aim of Select one: a. systematic desensitization. b. psychoanalysis. c. behavior therapy. d. cognitive therapy. e. light exposure therapy.
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b. psychoanalysis.
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In a therapeutic setting, a client who wants to lose weight eats some favorite foods laced with a nausea-producing drug. Yet, outside the therapist's office, the client knows he or she can eat those foods without fear of nausea. This awareness contributes to the limited effectiveness of Select one: a. exposure therapy. b. spontaneous recovery. c. client-centered therapy. d. aversive conditioning. e. the double-blind procedure.
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d. aversive conditioning.
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In one treatment for bed-wetting, the child sleeps on a liquid-sensitive pad that when wet, triggers an alarm and awakens the child. This treatment is a form of Select one: a. biomedical therapy. b. behavior therapy. c. psychodynamic therapy. d. humanistic therapy. e. cognitive therapy.
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b. behavior therapy.
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In treating alcohol dependency, therapists have clients consume alcohol that contains a nausea-producing drug. This technique is known as Select one: a. transference. b. free association. c. operant conditioning. d. systematic desensitization. e. aversive conditioning.
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e. aversive conditioning.
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In which operant conditioning procedure are positive reinforcers given for desired behaviors? Select one: a. spontaneous recovery b. a token economy c. systematic desensitization d. free association e. aversive conditioning
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b. a token economy
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Jonathan is afraid to ask a girl for a date, so his therapist instructs him to relax and simply imagine he is reaching for a telephone and then calling a potential date. The therapist's technique best illustrates the process of Select one: a. aversive conditioning. b. interpersonal therapy. c. free association. d. systematic desensitization. e. cognitive therapy.
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d. systematic desensitization.
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Long-term use of certain antipsychotic drugs can produce involuntary movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and limbs. This menacing condition is known as Select one: a. waxy flexibility. b. tardive dyskinesia. c. serotonin reuptake inhibition. d. neurogenesis. e. Parkinson's disease.
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b. tardive dyskinesia.
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Many self-help groups have emulated the use of ________ by Alcoholics Anonymous. Select one: a. progressive relaxation b. systematic desensitization c. a 12-step program d. a token economy e. free association
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c. a 12-step program
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Meta-analysis refers to Select one: a. the technique of simply rephrasing much of what a client says during the course of therapy. b. a procedure for identifying the common factors that underlie many different disorders. c. counseling and treatment of troubled individuals by friends, family, and other nonprofessionals. d. the use of a variety of therapeutic techniques in the treatment of a single client. e. a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different studies.
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e. a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different studies.
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Mr. Phillips has recently begun to express feelings of hostility and resentment toward his therapist, who is consistently friendly, caring, and helpful. A psychoanalyst would most likely consider Mr. Phillips's hostility to be an example of Select one: a. counterconditioning. b. the placebo effect. c. transference. d. fixation. e. regression toward t
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c. transference.
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Natasha claimed that her failure to get A's in all her courses meant she was incompetent. Her therapist calmly challenged this assertion, commenting, "By your strange calculations, well over 90 percent of all students are incompetent!" The therapist's response was most typical of a(n) ________ therapist. Select one: a. cognitive b. psychoanalytic c. eclectic d. client-centered e. behavior
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a. cognitive
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Of the following individuals, who is most likely to benefit from therapeutic drugs that block receptor sites for dopamine? Select one: a. Marcella, who is so obsessed with fear of a heart attack that she frequently counts her heartbeats aloud b. Betsy, who hears imaginary voices telling her she will soon be killed c. John Carl, who feels he has to wash his hands three times every hour d. Amir, who complains about feeling tense and fearful most of the time but doesn't know why e. Matthew, who feels hopeless and lethargic after losing his job
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b. Betsy, who hears imaginary voices telling her she will soon be killed
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Prozac, Zoloft, and Paxil are called SSRIs because they Select one: a. stimulate the release of norepinephrine into the bloodstream. b. successfully level the emotional highs and lows of bipolar disorder. c. slow the normal reabsorption of excess serotonin from synapses. d. increase the number of receptor sites for dopamine. e. speed recovery from episodes of depression.
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c. slow the normal reabsorption of excess serotonin from synapses.
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Psychological research on the principles of learning has most directly influenced the development of Select one: a. humanistic therapy. b. psychoanalysis. c. behavior therapy. d. psychodynamic therapy. e. cognitive therapy.
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c. behavior therapy.
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Reinforcing desired behaviors and withholding reinforcement for undesired behaviors is most central to the process of Select one: a. classical conditioning. b. light exposure therapy. c. behavior modification. d. progressive relaxation. e. systematic desensitization.
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c. behavior modification.
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Repeatedly introducing people to things they fear and avoid is most characteristic of Select one: a. exposure therapies. b. rTMS. c. stress inoculation training. d. behavior modification. e. tardive dyskinesia.
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a. exposure therapies.
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Ron is a 22-year-old mechanic who suffers from claustrophobia. The most effective way to treat Ron's problem would involve ________ therapy. Select one: a. electroconvulsive b. client-centered c. psychoanalytic d. behavior e. cognitive
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d. behavior
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Systematic desensitization involves Select one: a. vigorously challenging clients' illogical ways of thinking. b. associating unwanted behaviors with unpleasant experiences. c. associating a pleasant relaxed state with anxiety-arousing stimuli. d. depriving a client access to an addictive drug. e. replacing a positive response to a harmful stimulus with a negative response.
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b. associating unwanted behaviors with unpleasant experiences.
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Teaching people to stop blaming themselves for failures and negative circumstances beyond their control is of most direct concern to ________ therapists. Select one: a. cognitive b. client-centered c. eclectic d. psychoanalytic e. behavior
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a. cognitive
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The double-blind procedure involves Select one: a. the simultaneous use of two or more therapeutic treatments in the hope that at least one will be effective. b. blocking anxiety-arousing material from consciousness during therapy. c. the avoidance of eye contact between patient and therapist during free association. d. replacing a positive response to a harmful stimulus with a negative response. e. a procedure in which neither patients nor health care staff know whether a given patient is receiving a drug or a placebo.
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e. a procedure in which neither patients nor health care staff know whether a given patient is receiving a drug or a placebo.
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The interpretation of dreams is most closely associated with Select one: a. virtual reality exposure therapy. b. cognitive therapy. c. systematic desensitization. d. psychoanalysis. e. client-centered therapy.
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d. psychoanalysis.
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The placebo effect refers to Select one: a. the alleviation of depression and anxiety by means of aerobic exercise. b. relief from symptoms without psychotherapy. c. the beneficial consequences of merely expecting that a treatment will be effective. d. the use of a variety of psychological theories and therapeutic methods. e. the use of drugs in the therapeutic treatment of psychological disorders.
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c. the beneficial consequences of merely expecting that a treatment will be effective.
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The psychoanalytic and humanistic therapies are often referred to as Select one: a. biomedical therapies. b. eclectic therapies. c. behavior therapies. d. exposure therapies. e. insight therapies.
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e. insight therapies.
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The study of the effect of drugs on mind and behavior is called: Select one: a. psychopharmacology. b. psychoanalysis. c. psychobiology. d. ECT. e. psychosurgery.
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a. psychopharmacology.
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To encourage Mrs. Coleman, a withdrawn schizophrenia patient, to be more socially active, institutional staff members give her small plastic cards whenever she talks to someone. She is allowed to exchange these cards for candy and cigarettes. Staff members are making use of Select one: a. classical conditioning. b. a token economy. c. active listening. d. systematic desensitization. e. free association.
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b. a token economy.
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To help Thor overcome his fear of giving public speeches, his therapist instructs him to relax and then to imagine speaking to a small audience. The therapist is using Select one: a. aversive conditioning. b. systematic desensitization. c. psychoanalysis. d. client-centered therapy. e. cognitive therapy.
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b. systematic desensitization.
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To treat nail biting, one can paint a patient's fingernails with a bitter-tasting nail polish. This procedure best illustrates Select one: a. systematic desensitization. b. stress inoculation training. c. light exposure therapy. d. free association. e. aversive conditioning
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e. aversive conditioning
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Transference refers to a client's Select one: a. translation of threatening dream content into nonthreatening manifest symbols. b. conversion of psychological conflicts into physical and behavioral disorders. c. expression toward a therapist of feelings linked with earlier life relationships. d. improving ability to avoid anxiety-arousing thoughts and focus on positive cognitions. e. replacement of self-centeredness with a genuine concern for others.
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c. expression toward a therapist of feelings linked with earlier life relationships.
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Virtual reality exposure therapy is most likely to prove effective in the treatment of Select one: a. personality disorders. b. obsessions. c. depression. d. phobias. e. hallucinations.
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d. phobias.
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When Molly told her therapist about her frightening car accident, the therapist instructed her to close her eyes and verbalize any further thoughts stimulated by this experience, even if they were scary or embarrassing. The therapist was making use of a technique known as Select one: a. transference. b. systematic desensitization. c. free association. d. active listening. e. aversive conditioning.
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c. free association.
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When Murli told his therapist, "I came to see what you could do for me," the therapist responded, "It sounds like you're feeling you need some help. Am I right?" The therapist's response illustrates the technique of Select one: a. meta-analysis. b. active listening. c. free association. d. transference. e. systematic desensitization.
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b. active listening.
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Which approach emphasizes the importance of providing patients with feelings of unconditional acceptance? Select one: a. biomedical therapy b. client-centered therapy c. systematic desensitization d. psychoanalysis e. cognitive therapy
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b. client-centered therapy
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Which drug has provided the most help to schizophrenia patients experiencing auditory hallucinations and paranoia? Select one: a. Ativan b. lithium c. Thorazine d. Xanax e. Prozac
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c. Thorazine
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Which form of psychotherapy is especially effective in coping with depression and reducing suicide risk? Select one: a. cognitive therapy b. psychoanalysis c. behavior therapy d. facilitated communication e. insight therapy
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a. cognitive therapy
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Which form of therapy is most likely to be criticized for being too expensive and time-consuming? Select one: a. systematic desensitization b. client-centered therapy c. cognitive therapy d. psychoanalysis e. family therapy
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d. psychoanalysis
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Which form of therapy is most likely to be criticized for offering interpretations that cannot be proven or disproven? Select one: a. client-centered therapy b. psychoanalysis c. psychopharmacology d. systematic desensitization e. cognitive-behavioral therapy
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b. psychoanalysis
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Which of the following techniques have behavior therapists used to help people overcome a fear of flying? Select one: a. virtual reality exposure therapy b. aversive conditioning c. the double-blind procedure d. a token economy e. eye movement desensitization and reprocessing
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a. virtual reality exposure therapy
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Xanax and Ativan are ________ drugs. Select one: a. antianxiety b. antidepressant c. antipsychotic d. psychodynamic e. mood-stabilizing
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a. antianxiety
