Chapter 13 Avoiding Substance use, abuse and addiction
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addiction
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persistent, compulsive dependence on a behavior or substance, despite ongoing negative consequences
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what is the most widely used and abused recreational drug in our society ?
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alcohol
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heavy episodic (binge) drinking
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drinking for the express purpose of becoming intoxicated, five drinks or more at one sitting for me, 4 drinks or more at one sitting for women
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pre gamining
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a form of binge drinking during which people gather to drink heavily before going to a bar, nightclub, or sporting event
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ethanol (ethyl alcohol)
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an addictive drug produced by fermentation and found in many beverages
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the liver can metabolize how much of alcohol per hour?
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about one ounce
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blood alcohol concentration (BAC)
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the ratio of alcohol to blood volume, used as a measure of intoxication
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proof
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a measure of the percentage of alcohol in a beverage (drinks strength)
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beers has____ percentage of alcohol
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2-5
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wine has ___ percentage of alcohol
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12
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several factors that influence how quickly your body absorbs alcohol
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alcohol concentration in your drink, amount of alcohol you consume, the amount of food in your stomach, your metabolism, your weight and body mass index and your mood
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alcohol hepatitis
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a condition resulting from prolonged use of alcohol in which the liver is inflamed
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cirrhosis
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the last stage of liver disease associated with chronic heavy use of alcohol, during which liver cells dir and damage becomes permanent
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fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
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a disorder that may affect the fetus when the mother consumes alcohol during pregnancy, among its effects are mental retardation, small head, tremors, and physical abnormalities
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alcohol abuse
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use of alcohol that interferes with work, school, or personal relationships or that entails violations of the law
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alcoholism (alcohol dependence)
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a condition in which personal and health problems related to alcohol use are sever and stopping alcohol use results in withdrawal symptoms
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nicotine
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the primary stimulant chemical in tobacco products
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tabacco smoke contains how many chemical compounds?
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4000
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More than how many of the actual compounds are suspected to cause cancer?
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60
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The most dangerous toxic gas is
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carbon monoxide
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Carbon monoxide
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a gas found in cigarette smoke that binds at oxygen receptors sites in the blood (most dangerous)
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Main types of tabacco use is
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cigarettes, cigars, bidis, hookahs, smokeless tobacco
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snugg
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a fine ground form of tobacco that can be chewed or placed against the gums
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If is estimated that 75 percent of the more than 30000 cases of oral cancer diagnosed in the US each year result from
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smokeless tobacco or cigarette use
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nicotine poisoning
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symptoms often experienced by beginning smokers, including dizziness, diarrhea, light hotheadedness, rapid and erratic pulse, clammy skin, nausea, and vomiting
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emphysema
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a chronic lung disease in which the tiny air sacs in the lungs are destroyed, making breathing difficult
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environmental tobacco smoke (secondhand smoke)
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smoke from tobacco products, divided into 2 categories (mainstream smoke and sidestream smoke)
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mainstream smoke
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smoke emitted from a smoker's mouth
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sidestream smoke
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smoke emitted from the burning end of a cigarette
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People who breathe smoke from someone else's smoking product are said to be
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involuntary or passive smokers
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once addicted to nicotine...
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9 out of 10 people who try to stop smoking fail
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drug misuse
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use of a drug for a purpose for which it was not intended
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drug abuse
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excessive use of a drug
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what is the most popular illicit drug used by college students and the 3rd most popular drug after alcohol and tobacco?
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marijuana
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Marijuana
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chopped leaves and flowers of a cannabis plant, a psychoactive stimulant
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what causes the high that marijuana users experience?
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tetrahydrocannobinol THC
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designer (Club) drugs
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synthetic version of existing illicit drugs, includes Ecstasy, Rohyphon, (aka date rate), GHB (aka date rape), and special k
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Ketamine (special K)
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inhibits the relay of sensory input, and the brain fills the resulting void with visions, dreams, memories, and intense sensory distortion that can mimic schizophrenia
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stimulants
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an agent, especially a chemical one, that temporarily arouses or accelerates physiological activity (cocaine, methamphetamine, ritalin, adderall, caffeine,)
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Methamphetamine
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a potent, long acting, addictive drug that strongly activates the brain's reward center by producing a sense of euphoria
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Opiates
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a class of drugs derived from the parent drug opium, characterized by the ability to relieve pain, induce drowsiness, and cause euphoria
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Opiates include?
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opium, heroin, morphine, codeine, and synthetic opiates vicodin, Oxycontin, and Percocet
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Out of all Opiates, which has the greatest notoriety as being addictive?
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Heroin
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Hallucinogenic (Psychedelic)
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refers to substances capable of creating auditory or visual distortions and heightened states (ed LSD and PCP)
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Inhalants
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products that are sniffed or inhaled in order to produce a high, they contain vapor producing chemicals that, when sniffed, can cause dizziness, lack of coordination, hallucination, and euphoria
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Anabolic Steroids
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artificial forms of the hormone testosterone that promote muscle growth and strength
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relapse
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resumption of behavior that one is attempting to cease.
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Oos phenomenon
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is how easily and often quickly the brain adapts to habit forming durgs so use becomes compulsive and uncontrollable
