Chapter 12 Vocab – APUSH – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
The author of the Constitution and the Bill of Rights, Madison was also the father of the Federalist party and the fourth President of the United States. He was President during the war of 1812 and was also Vice-President under Jefferson. He was a great statesman but was not a strong president.
answer
James Madison
question
American naval officer; managed a fleet on the shores of Lake Erie in 1813; captured a British fleet on Lake Erie, his victory slogan "We have met the enemy and they are ours" brought new life and inspiration to the American troops, he was a hero during the war.(pg.202).
answer
Oliver Hazard Perry
question
He was a shawnee indian twin brother to the Prophet. They made a stand against western moving settlers by uniting other tribes. He died in the Battle of Thames while fighting for the British. He was one of the most gifted and noble indian leaders in American history.
answer
Tecumseh
question
Poet that wrote "The Star Spangled Banner" in 1814 during the War of 1812. Written while watching Americans defend Fort McHenry. The poem has become an important part of American identity.
answer
Francis Scott Key
question
Who: The twin brother of the Shawnee Indian Tecumseh Where and When: Banded together many of the tribes along the Mississippi River in 1811 to stop the white settlers from pushing farther into the western wilderness. The groups of braves forswore firewater in order to be fit for the last-ditch battle with the whites. Significance: The war hawk Congress sent General William H. Harrison to repel a surprise attack at Tippecanoe and burn the settlement. The war hawks began to feel that the only way to remove Indian menace was to wipe out their Canadian base
answer
The Prophet
question
Andrew Jackson the seventh president of the United States was born on March 15, 1767 in New lancaster County, South Carolina. He became a general in 1812 and was the leader in the Battle of New Orleans. Two weeks after he had won the battle, the diplomats that returned from Britain came back with a treaty, thus the americans had believed that the British had once again surrendered and a new era of nationalism came. As president he introduced the spoils system.
answer
Andrew Jackson
question
General-Indian fighter-president--hero of Battle of Tippecanoe&Battle fo the Thames in the War of 1812--major asset to America by keeping Indians at bay, redcoats from massacre's,and gaining/clearing land in West
answer
William H. Harrison
question
John Quincy Adams was the puritan son of President John Adams. He led five American peace-makers to Ghent to draw up a treaty between America and Britain to end the War of 1812. The treaty was signed by both sides on Christmas Eve in 1814. Adams was also Monroe's Secretary of State and the real author of Monroe's Doctrine which established isolationism.
answer
John Quincy Adams
question
Sectionalism is a narrow-minded concern for a devotion to the interests of one section of the country. This began to occur in 1796. This caused the development of two political parties. Washington disagreed with sectionalism. The country split politically and the North voted for Adams and the South voted for Jefferson.
answer
Sectionalism
question
an American warship, nicknamed "Old Ironsides," in 1812 the Americans created the superfrigate which had thicker sides, heavier fire power, and a larger crew than the original British frigate, was a notable ship in the war of 1812 against the British Navy
answer
Constitution
question
The Battle of Thames was fought at the River Thames in Canada on October 13, 1813. In this battle, the redcoats were overtaken by General Harrison and his army after they had withdrawn from Fort Malden. A Shawnee chief, Tecumseh, fought for the British and lost his life. With his death came the death of his confederacy.
answer
Battle of Thames
question
It was an agreement signed by the Americans and the British that agreed to stop fighting which potentally led to the end of the War of 1812. It was signed before the Battle of New Orleans, but Americans did not learn of the treaty until after the victory at New Orleans. Americans assumed the "victory" for the war. The British signed quickly because they were more concerned with European affairs.
answer
Treaty of Ghent
question
In 1814 a regional secret convention was held in Hartford, Connecticut due to the Federalist discontent because of the lessened voting weight of New England in Congress and Electoral College due to adding states to the Union and also they were not happy with the War of 1812. They were meeting to discuss their minority status in the Union and some Federalist even suggested secession. These Federalists were seen as traitors by the public. Led to the downfall of their party. they met to secure assistance from Washington, due to the blokading British squadrons on the shores fo New England. Proposed Constitutional Amendments, one to eliminate the 3/5 clause and in turn lessen the Souths voting power. When delegates arrived in Washington to present the proposals, they found that the capital was celebrating Jackson's victory at New Orleans and the treaty of peace.
answer
Hartford Convention
question
1783-1859, first American to win international recognition as an author, example of the post war nationalism from the revolution and war of 1812
answer
Washington Irving
question
1. The President of the United States of America during the Era of Good Feeling. He delivered a speech to congres named the Monroe Docterine. The docterines' two main points were; 1) There would be no colonization of the western hemisphere. 2) Nonintervention from the rest of the world in the western hemisphere. 2. Around 1824 3. Monroe showed a strong sence of nationalism, creating national pride. He also helped establish America as a world power.
answer
James Monroe
question
one of the nation's first writers of importance; attained recognition in the 1820's; changed the mood of national literature, started textbooks in America being written by Americans, two pieces of his literature include THE SPY and THE LAST OF THE MOHICANS, American themes-example of the nationalism after the Revolution and War of 1812. (pg. 212-213).
answer
James Fenimore Cooper
question
Chief Justice(1801-1835); represented the Federalist belief for a strong central government; turned the Judicial branch from weak to strong while popularizing Judicial Review; set the standard for future Chief Justices.(p.221-222)
answer
John Marshall
question
John C. Calhoun was part of the New Southern Congress of 1811. He was a representative for South Carolina and one of the original War Hawks. Calhoun supported the Tariff Bill of 1811 because he thought the bill would lead to manufacturing in the south and cultivation of cotton. He later changed his mind, though, and opposed it because the bill was being used to enrich Northern manufacturers.
answer
John C. Calhoun
question
was in power 1810-1825; he forcibly informed Spain of their violation of the Appoint-American Treaty of 1795. This led to the ceding of Florida to the U.S. He was also responsible for keeping the U.S. from signing the Canning Proposal, which would have hindered American expansion. He then drafted the Monroe Doctrine which established the U.S. as the protector of the Western Hemisphere.
answer
John Quincey Adams
question
Black Dan" was a warhawk in Congress in 1816 and was a strong spokesman for New England. He opposed the Tariff of 1816, because it was not in the interest of the shippers that were the majority and that he represented, but was in the interest of manufacturers.
answer
Daniel Webster
question
Andrew Jackson was the hero of the Battle of New Orleans. In the eyes of many people he helped end the War of 1812. He also was a well known indian fighter. He took military control of Sp[anish Fla. this encouraged the treaty with Spain 1819.
answer
Andrew Jackson
question
Clay was a Political Scientist during the 1820's. He was also a Congressman from Kentucky. He developed the American System which US adopted after the War of 1812. The American System created a protective tariff to American Markets. It also used the tariff to build road and canel for better transportation. (The American System started a cycle to trading for US market)
answer
Henry Clay
question
British foreign secretary circa 1823 He wanted America to join Britain in a declaration - wanted the protection of the Latin America states. Keep other European countries out of the western Hemisphere. John Adams thought it was best the U.S. make the declaration. It became the Monroe Doctrine.
answer
George Canning
question
Nationalism is a popular sentiment that places the existence and well being of the nation highest in the scale of political loyalties. It's significance lies in it's role of supplying the ties that bond the nation. An important and impressive result of post Revolutionary and 1812 wars, it was growing rapidly and began to cause a national unity the United States had not seen until this point. Citizens began calling themselves Americans over citizens of their states. Nationalism helped further stabilize our newly formed nation on all accounts, including financially.
answer
Nationalism
question
Another term for slavery; The owning of human beings existed in a country that practiced liberty.
answer
Peculiar Institution"
question
It was a tariff imposing 8% on the value of dutiable imports. It was passed by the first Congress. Revenue was the main goal. It was also designed to protect small industries just getting started. Hamilton wanted more protection for the well-to-do manufacturing groups. Congress still had agriculture and commericial interest dominating. This was part of Hamilton's economic plan to support the industrialists.
answer
Protective Tariff
question
Noncolonization is part of the Monroe Doctrine that was written in 1823. Noncolonization said that America was closed to anymore colonization. A colonization attempt by anyone would be deemed a threat to the United States. It was created by the U.S. to protect the Western Hemisphere.
answer
Noncolonization
question
Henry Clay developed a plan for profitable home markets called the American System in 1824. It enforced a protective tariff to get funding for transportation improvements. These improvements would be the construction of better roads and canals. This would allow industrialization to prosper since the raw materials of the South and West could easily and inexpensively get to the North and East to be manufactured. The manufactured goods could then be shipped back out to the South and West.
answer
Internal Improvements
question
Nonintervention was one of the two features located in the Monroe Doctrine. Monroe declared a new policy on foreign intervention. The policy decalred that the United States would not become involved in European affairs. Europe would stay out of the Western Hemisphere 1823 as well.
answer
Non-intervention
question
The last four of the Presidents from Virginia. (Washington, Jefferson, Madison, Monroe) The people wondered if all of the presidents were going to be from Virginia. This "dynasty" ended in 1824.
answer
Virginia Dynasty
question
Isolationism deals woth the Americans trying to separate themselves from foreign affairs. Isolationism takes place on North America and the oceans around it. Washington tries to separate the Americans from all British and foreign continents. Washington displays this in 1793 by the Proclamation of Neutrality and Washington' s Farewell Address in 1796.
answer
Isolationism
question
It was a federal establishment operated by the gov't as an attempt to save the welfare of the economy after the War of 1812. It was part of Henry Clay's American System and forced state banks to call in their loans which led to foreclosures and the Panic of 1819.
answer
2nd Bank of the United States
question
Trial during chief Justice John Marchalls reign; involving the state of Maryland& their right to tax the federal bank--sets precident for the "loose clause"--increased power of Fed, government.
answer
McCulloch v.Maryland
question
caused by British cutting prices below cost in an effort to strangle the American war-baby factories in the cradle. Americans saw British seeking to crush Yankee factories. Nationalist Congress passed the Tariff(1816)- created taxes on imports to protect nation, while at the same time promote welfare. It was the first tariff in American history with aims that were primarily protective to merchants. It was abold beginning to adequate safeguards. A strong protective trend was started that stimulated the appetites of the protected for more protection. This Tariff hurt farmers, especially southerners. It was part of Clay's American System.
answer
Tariff of 1816
question
The Cohens were a Virginia family accused of selling lottery tickets illegally. The Virginia Supreme Court found the Cohens guilty, so they appealed to the Supreme Court in 1821. Virginia won in having the Cohens convicted. Virginia lost in that Judge Marshal made it so that the federal Supreme Court had the right to review any decision involving powers of the federal government. This was a major blow on states' rights.
answer
Cohens v Virginia
question
A plan proposed by Henry Clay, in 1824, to work on economic reform. Henry Clay wanted to help stablize the country and begin the pursuit for workd recognation. The plan called for a protective tariff to be put in place for the manufacturers, a new Federal Bank to be put in place, and to begin work on many internal improvements.
answer
The American System.
question
This case involved New York trying to grant a monopoly on waterborne trade between New York and New Jersey. Judge Marshal, of the Supreme Court, sternly reminded the state of New York that the Constitution gives Congress alone the control of interstate commerce. Marshal's decision, in 1824, was a major blow on states' rights.
answer
Gibbons v Ogden
question
Securing funding for roads and canals was hard. This bill was passed by Congress to give states $1.5 million for internal improvements, but it was immediately vetoed by Pres. Madison. In his opinion, he believed states should pay for their own improvements.
answer
Bonus Bill of 1817
question
Fletcher v. Peck was a court case from 1810. The georgia legislature, swayed by a bribe, gave 35 million acres of Mississippi land to private speculators. The next legislature cancelled the original ruling. Then the Supreme Court decided the grant was a contract and state law cannot impair contracts. This is one of the first court cases to illustrate the power of the Supreme Court to invalidate state laws conflicting with the federal Constitution. Their decision protected the peoples' rights against popular pressures.
answer
Fletcher v. Peck
question
the years of Monroe's presidency, during 1817-1825 people had good feelings caused by the nationalistic pride after the Battle of New Orleans and second war for Independence with British, only one political party was present, on the surface everything looked fine, but underneath it all everything was troubled, conflict over slavery was appearing and sectionalism was inevitable, Missouri Compromise had a very dampaning effect on those good feelings
answer
Era of Good Feelings
question
A negotiated treaty between the Monroe administration and England. This treaty came after the War of 1812 to settle disputes between Britian and U.S. It permitted Americans to share Newfoundland fisheries w/ the Canadians, and fixed the vague northern limits of Louisiana from the Lake of the Woods to the Rocky Mountains. It also provided for a 10-year joint occupation of untamed Oregon country. Surprisingly, neither Britain or America had to surrender rights or claims for this to occur.
answer
Treaty of 1818
question
The Land Act of 1820 was an act replacing the Land Act of 1800. It was a result of the depression, bank failures, bankruptcies, soup kitchens, unemployment, etc. of 1819. The original Land Act allowed Americans to buy 160 acres of land (minimum) at $2.00 an acre over a period of four years. The Land Act of 1820 offered less acreage, but it also cost less. It allowed Americans to buy 80 acres at $1.25 an acre. This helped to calm the westerners when they demanded cheaper land.
answer
Land Act of 1820
question
What: an expression of the post-1812 nationalism energizing the U.S. Proved to be the most famous of the long-lived offspring of that nationalism. Might have been called the Self-Defense Doctrine. Where & When: Incorporated into President Monroe's annual message to Congress in 1823. Its two basic features were:(1) Non-Colonization (2) Non-Intervention. Colonization's era had ended and England and other foreign powers needed to keep their monarchial systems out of the U.S. Old World powers could not gain anymore settlements. The U.S. would not intervene in the Greeks war for independence, and the U.S. does not need help from other countries. Significance: Gave vent to patriotism, but deepened the illusion of isolationism. Many Americans falsely concluded that the Republic was isolated from the European dangers because it wanted to be. Monroe, it seemed, had warned the Old Powers to stay away
answer
Monroe Doctrine