Chapter 12 Study Guide~DNA – Flashcards
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Which bacteria killed the mice in Griffith's transformation experiment?
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Harmless bacteria from the R-strain and heat killed S-bacteria
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Why did Griffith call the process he observes transformation?
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The harmless bacteria form of bacteria had been permanently transformed into another disease causing form
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What did Avery conclude caused transformation?
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DNA
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What do bacteriophages infect?
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Bacteria
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Why did Hershey and Chase label the viral DNA with radioactive phosphorous and not radioactive sulfur?
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DNA doesn't contain sulfur
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What stores information in a cell?
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The DNA that makes up your genes
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What happens to the genetic information when a piece of DNA is missing?
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There's a loss of genetic info from one generation to the next
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In what way is DNA like a book?
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Has instructions, can be copied, and passed on
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Figure 12-2 shows what type of molecule? (DNA)
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DNA molecule
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What makes up a nucleotide in a DNA molecule?
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Phosphate, deoxyribose sugar, and nitrogenous base
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Why does DNA make a good molecule for storing information?
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Bases can be combined in different ways
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How did Rosalind Franklin contribute to the understanding of DNA?
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X-rays of DNA molecule
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Which scientist(s) figured out that the shape of a DNA molecule if a double helix?
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Watson and Crick
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What forms a base pair with thymine?
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Adenine
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What did Watson and Crick discover about the two strands in DNA? (Compared to each other)
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They were complementary and they ran in opposite directions
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DNA replication results in two DNA molecules that have what properties?
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One new strand, one original strand
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During DNA replication, a DNA strand that has the bases CTAGGT produces a complementary strand with what bases?
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GATCCA
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Figure 12-5: Opposite from thymine?
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Adenine
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Figure 12-5: What is adding base pairs to the strand?
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DNA polymerase
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Where is DNA formed in eukaryotes?
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Nucleus
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In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, how many copies of the chromosome are left after replication?
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2 copies
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What makes up a chromosome?
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DNA, histone proteins, nucleosomes, and nucleotides
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Watson and Crick discovered that what type of bonds hold base pairs together at the center of a strand?
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Hydrogen bond
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How many copies does the replication of a DNA molecule result in?
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2 copies
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If a DNA strand had the sequence TACGTT what would the complementary strand be?
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ATGCAA
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In eukaryotes, DNA replication proceeds in how many directions along the DNA molecule?
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2 directions
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When scientists say that DNA transmits information, what does that mean?
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It passes info to the next generation
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Watson and Crick used the image of DNA taken by what scientist in their work to figure out the structure of DNA?
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Rosalind Franklin
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What would the matching strand to the one in Figure 12-7, reading from the bottom up, be? (AGCT)
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AGCT
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What are the tips of chromosomes called?
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Telomeres
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What are the three main components in nucleotides? Be able to identify them in a diagram.
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Deoxyribose, phosphate group, nitrogen base
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During DNA replication, what two processes must occur before the two strands of a DNA molecule can separate?
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Break apart hydrogen bonds, unwind molecule
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In prokaryotes and eukaryotes, when does DNA replication happen?
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In the S-phase before the cell divides
