Chapter 12: Psychological Disorders – Flashcards
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what was the ancient world's take on psychological disorders?
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-they were seen as supernatural powers -possession by demon and spirits
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what was 400 B.C.'s take on psychological disorders?
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-physical causes -hippocrates:imbalance of humors
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what was middle ages take in psychological disorders?
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-medieval church -demon and witchcraft
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what was 18 c. take on psychological disorders?
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-mental disorders are diseases of the mind -similar to other physical diseases -objective causes requiring specific treatments
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who did the research study of "being sane in insane places"?
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Rosenhan
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What are the consequences of labeling people?
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depersonalization
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results from labeling; depriving people of their identity and individuality by treating them as objects rather than as individual; reinforces disturbed behavior
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depersonalization
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What are indicators of abnormality?
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-distress -maladpativeness -irrationality -unpredictability -unconventionality and undesirable behavior
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individual shows unusual prolonged levels of unease or anxiety
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distress
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the person regularly act in ways that makes other fearful
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maladaptiveness
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the person acts or talks in ways that are irrational or incomprehensible to others
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irrationality
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the individual behaves erratically and inconsistently at different times or from one situation to another
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unpredictability
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the person behaves in ways that are statistically rare and violate social norms
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unconventionality and undesirable behavior
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what is the most widely used system for classifying mental disorders, organizes psychological disorders by their mental and behavioral symptoms
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DSM-5
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Is there a definition of normal in the DSM-5?
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no
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Identify this disorder. Abnormal disturbance in emotion or mood, including bipolar disorder and unipolar disorder; also called affective disorders.
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Mood Disorders
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What are the most common types of mood disorders?
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Major Depression and Bipolar Disorder
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Identify this disorder. Depressed when deprived of sunlight
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Seasonal affective disorder
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Identify this disorder. A mental abnormality involving swings of mood from mania to depression.
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Bipolar Disorder
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Identify this disorder. Persistent and pervasive feelings of anxiety, without any known external cause.
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder
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Identify this disorder. Marked by panic attacks that have no obvious connection to events in a person's present experience.
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Panic disorder
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Identify this disorder. Fear of public places/open spaces.
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Agoraphobia
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Identify this disorder. patterns of persistent, unwanted thoughts and behaviors.
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OCD
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Identify this disorder. paralysis, weakness or loss of sensation
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Conversion disorder
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Identify this disorder. Excessive concern about health and disease
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Illness Anxiety Disorder (Hypochondria)
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Group of pathologies involving "fragmentation" of the personality
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Dissociative Disorders
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Identify this dissociative disorder. Psychologically induced loss of memory for personal information.
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Dissociative Amnesia
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Identify this dissociative disorder. Dissociative amnesia with the addition of "flight" from one's home, family, and job
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Dissociative Fugue
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Identify this dissociative disorder. Abnormality involving the sensation that mind and body are separated
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Depersonalization disorder
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Condition in which the individual displays multiple identities.
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Dissociative Identity Disorder
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Identify this disorder. severe psychopathology personality disintegrates cognitive process distorted first appears before age 25 for men
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schizophrenic disorders
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What are possible causes of Schizophrenia?
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biological factors - genetics
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What are some neurodevelopmental disorders?
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autism dyslexia ADHD
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What are some personality disorders?
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narcissistic antisocial borderline
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__________is a mood disorder that is caused by the body's reaction to low levels of light present in the winter months.
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Seasonal affective disorder
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________ disorders are most usually indicated by "fragmentation" of the personality.
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Dissociative
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Delusions are
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false or irrational beliefs
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Cross-cultural studies of schizophrenia indicate that
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the incidence of schizophrenia shows variability across cultures
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Which of the following supports a biological basis for schizophrenia?
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All of the above are correct
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Freud explained conversion disorder as involving the conversion of
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unconscious displacement of anxiety into physical symptoms.
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An obsession is a repetitive ________ whereas a compulsion is a compulsive ________.
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thought; behavior
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A serious criticism of the ________ model is that the patient becomes a passive recipient of treatment.
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Medical
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Rosenhan's study on mental hospitals alerts us to
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how labeling can affect perceptions of normal or abnormal behavior
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Which of the following is an anxiety disorder?
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phobic disorder
