chapter 12 mastering environmental science – Flashcards

The pair of mallard ducks in the figure eats floating plants such as duckweed, seeds of shoreline plants, and very small organisms at or near the surface. They would be most affected by any change to the ________.

Of the following, ________ characterize(s) an oligotrophic lake or pond.

One-fifth of Earth's total fresh water supply is in ________.

An artesian well occurs when ________.

The initial consequence of falling water tables would be the loss of ________.

A(n) __________ is a water-bearing unit that is confined by less permeable or impermeable rock or soil.

The region of a lake where plants are able to attach to the bottom and still reach above the surface is known as the __________.

Water bodies where rivers flow into the oceans, mixing fresh water with saltwater, are called ________.

Oceans have absorbed approximately one-third of the excess carbon dioxide that humans have added to Earth's atmosphere so far. This has slowed the progression of global climate change, but it has led to ________.

The exceptionally strong warming of the eastern Pacific is referred to as ________.

Salt marshes are ________ ecosystems, while mangroves are ________.

The rapid melting of Greenland's ice cap could disrupt the NADW formation by ________.

A 2003 study reported that ________% of large-bodied fish and sharks were lost in the first decade of industrialized fishing.

What percentage of Earth's surface is ocean?

Which of the following is a systematic shift in atmospheric pressure, sea surface temperature, and ocean circulation patterns in the tropical Pacific Ocean that alters weather patterns on a worldwide scale?

Dam removal in this country ________.

Why was the irrigation of Soviet cotton farming operations a problem?

Overpumping groundwater in coastal areas can cause ________ to move into aquifers, making the water undrinkable.

Recent research that analyzed the content of commercial bottled water indicates that ________.

Which term describes a regular periodic change to the ocean's height due to the gravitational influence of the moon and the sun?

Why is primary production and animal life concentrated at the surface in pelagic regions of the open-ocean?

Which of the following will contribute to water conservation?

Dams create a __________ from which we can get water for human use.

Which of the following statements about China's Three Gorges Dam is true?

What is the most cost-effective solution for groundwater depletion and land-level subsidence?

Of the following, ________ is one of the major pollutants of groundwater.

Wastewater that is stirred and aerated so that aerobic bacteria consume most of the small pieces of organic matter in the wastewater is being subjected to ________.

The primary effect of thermal pollution on aquatic ecosystems is ________.

Which of the following pollutants does not occur naturally in groundwater?

which of the following is the name for water that has been used by humans and then treated for release back into the environment?

In a municipal water treatment plant, the primary treatment step consists of ________.

Many present-day fisheries managers ________.

If the captain of a fishing fleet wanted to catch fish over a vast expanse of ocean, which of the following would be an effective method to do so?

Why are benthic organisms NOT a bycatch of longline fishing?

According to a comprehensive review of data from marine reserves in 2001, how can marine reserves benefit ecosystems?

*Interpreting Graphs and Data: Freshwater Distribution* These pie charts show the distribution of Earth's fresh water. What percentage of Earth's fresh water is found in rivers?

*Interpreting Graphs and Data: Freshwater Distribution* Which of these statements is supported by the pie charts? Select all that apply.

*Interpreting Graphs and Data: Marine Resources* In what year was the fishing mortality highest for North Atlantic swordfish?

*Interpreting Graphs and Data: Marine Resources* In what year was the biomass highest for North Atlantic swordfish?

*Interpreting Graphs and Data: Marine Resources* Which of the following statements describes the mortality and biomass trends for swordfish before the United States implemented an international recovery plan?

*Interpreting Graphs and Data: Marine Resources* Compare the percent change in stock biomass from 1978 to the international recovery plan in 1994 and following the recovery plan to the year 2000.

*Interpreting Graphs and Data: Marine Resources* Based on the data in the graph, predict the likely trend in swordfish production from 2000 to 2010, assuming no change in trends.

*Viewpoints: Freshwater Resources: Dam Removal* Thomas Flint and Christine Stallard cite multiple benefits of dams. Which of the following statements represents their primary argument for the importance of dams?

*Viewpoints: Freshwater Resources: Dam Removal* Sara Nicholas presents the case for dam removal by offering a variety of reasons. Which of the following reasons is her primary argument for removing dams?

*Viewpoints: Freshwater Resources: Dam Removal* Which of the following environmental concerns do both essay discuss?

*Viewpoints: Freshwater Resources: Dam Removal* The essay in support of dam removal avoids one key environmental benefit touted by dam advocates. If the authors were participating in a debate, how might dam advocates state this benefit?

*Viewpoints: Freshwater Resources: Dam Removal* You are part of a panel that reviews dam permits for renewal. Your panel hears testimony from both pro-dam and pro-dam removal advocates. Which of the following scenarios is least likely to be controversial?

*ABC News Video: Ocean Acidification* What is the main reason that the oceans are becoming more acidic?

*ABC News Video: Ocean Acidification* How much carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is absorbed by the oceans on a daily basis?

*ABC News Video: Ocean Acidification* What is the chemical reaction responsible for the oceans becoming more acidic?

*ABC News Video: Ocean Acidification* How are oyster larvae affected by ocean acidification?

*ABC News Video: Ocean Acidification* Which of the following are consequences of ocean acidification? Select all that apply.

*ABC News Video: Ocean Acidification* Because of ocean acidification, the price of which of the following foods is most likely to increase?

*MapMaster: North America - Population and Environmental Issues* Where is the human population concentrated in North America?

*MapMaster: North America - Population and Environmental Issues* Other than ice cap, which climate contains the lowest population density?

*MapMaster: North America - Population and Environmental Issues* Why do you think the East Coast has more coastal pollution than the West Coast or any other coastal region?

*MapMaster: North America - Population and Environmental Issues* Describe the relationship that exists between endangered and polluted rivers and population density.

*MapMaster: North America - Population and Environmental Issues* What correlation exists between acid rain and population density?

*NYT: The Problem Is Clear: The Water Is Filthy* Doing which of the following would likely help Seville's water supply the most?

*NYT: The Problem Is Clear: The Water Is Filthy* You are babysitting and the infant you are caring for suddenly begins to turn blue after you mixed her formula with tap water. Which of the following is in a dangerously high concentration in the water?

*NYT: The Problem Is Clear: The Water Is Filthy* You live in Seville. Which of the following would be the safest use for your tap water?

*NYT: The Problem Is Clear: The Water Is Filthy* You live in California. Who do you rely on for access to tap water?

*NYT: The Problem Is Clear: The Water Is Filthy* You are the governor of Texas. You wish to emulate what California is doing to supply clean drinking water. Which of the following do you do?

*NYT: The Problem Is Clear: The Water Is Filthy* You live in Lanare, California. Why did your town stop using its new water treatment facility?