Chapter 12: Emotional and Social Development in Adolescence – Flashcards
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Identity:
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The major personality achievement of adolescence and a crucial step toward becoming a productive, content adult. Constructing an identity involves defining who you are, what you value, and the directions you choose to pursue in life
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Identity Vs. Role Confusion
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The psychological conflict of adolescence; when young people's earlier conflicts were resolved negatively or if society limits their choices to ones that do not match their abilities or desires, they may appear shallow, directionless and unprepared for the challenges of adulthood
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Development is not traumatic and disturbing but, rather, a process of
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exploration followed by commitment
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From middle to late adolescence, teenagers use of ________ reveal an increasing awareness that psychological qualities can vary from one situation to the next
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qualifiers
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Older adolescence add ____________ ______________ that make sense of formerly troublesome contradictions
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integrating principles
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Compared with school-age children, teenagers place more emphasis on:
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social virtues, such as being friendly, considerate, kind and cooperative
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Teenagers add several new dimensions of self evaluation like:
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close friendships, romantic appeal, and job competence
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Teenagers with mostly favorable self-esteem profiles tend to be:
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well-adjusted, sociable and conscientious
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In adolescence, ___________ patenting continues to predict high self esteem, as does support from teachers
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authoritative
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Four Identity Statuses:
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Identity Achievement identity Moratorium Identity Foreclosure identity Diffusion
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Identity Achievement:
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commitment to values, beliefs and goals following a period of exploration
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Identity Moratorium:
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exploration without having reached commitment
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Identity Foreclosure:
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commitment in the absence of exploration
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Identity Diffusion:
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an apathetic state characterized by lack of both exploration and commitment
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Most people change from ______ statuses (foreclosure and diffusion) to ______ ones (moratorium or achievement) between their mid-teens to mid-twenties
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lower; higher
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Adolescents in moratorium resemble identity achieved individuals in using an active, ______________ __________ _________ _______ to make personal decisions and solve problems
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information-gathering cognitive style
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Foreclosed individuals display a __________, __________ ____________ ______, internalizing the values and beliefs of parents and others without deliberate evaluation and resisting information that threatens their position
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dogmatic, inflexible cognitive style
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Long-term diffused individuals are the leas mature identity development and use a ________ _________ __________ _____ in which they avoid dealing with personal decisions and problems and, instead, allow current situational pressures to dictate their reactions
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diffuse-avoidant cognitive style
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Identity status is both ______ and __________ of personality development
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cause and consequence
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Adolescents who assume the absolute truth is always attainable tend to be
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foreclosed
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Adolescents who doubt they will ever feel certain anything are often
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identity-diffused
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Young people who appreciate that they can use rational criteria to choose among alternatives are likely to be in a state of
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moratorium or identity achievement
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Factors affecting identity development:
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peers, schools and communities, culture and societal forces
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Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development Steps:
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1. The punishment and obedience orientation 2. The instrumental purpose orientation 3. The "good-boy, good-girl" orientation, or the morality of interpersonal cooperation 4. The social-order-maintaining orientation 5. The social contract orientation 6. The universal ethical principle orientation
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Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development The pre conventional level
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Morality is externally controlled; children accept the rules of authority figures and judge actions by their consequences. Behaviors that result in punishment are viewed as bad and rewards are viewed as good
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Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development The conventional level
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Individuals continue to regard conformity to social rules as important, but not for reasons of self-interest. Rather, they believe that actively maintaining the current social system ensures positive relationships and societal order
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Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development The post conventional or principled level
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Individuals move beyond unquestioning support for their own society's rules and laws. They define morality in terms of abstract principles and values that apply to all situations and societies
