question

Sandro Botticelli

answer

Birth of Venus and Primivera

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Pietro Perugino

answer

Christ handing the keys to saint peter

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Donatello

answer

David & The Feast of Herod

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Verrochio

answer

David

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Masaccio

answer

The Tribute Money & The Holy Trinty

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Angelico

answer

Annunciation

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Francesca

answer

The Flagellation

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John Dunstable

answer

The Mass Genre

question

Castiglione

answer

The Courtier

question

Machiavelli

answer

The Prince

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Leonardo da Vinci

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The Last Supper & Mona Lisa

question

Michelangelo

answer

Sistine Chapel Ceiling, The Last Judgement, & David Poem:a Striving after God

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Raphael

answer

The School of Athens

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Josquin des Prez

answer

Mass & Chanson(secular)

question

Antonio Stradivari

answer

Expensive instruments

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Absolute music

answer

Music that presents purely musical ideas.

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Baroque style

answer

A diverse seventeenth-century style in the visual and performing arts generally typified by largeness, ornateness, and emotional appeal.

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High Renaissance

answer

The period between 1495 and 1527 encapsulated by the genius of Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael.

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Madrigal

answer

A musical setting of lyric poetry for four or five voices.

question

Mass

answer

The most important rite of the Roman Catholic liturgy. A musical form reflecting the parts of die mass.

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Program music

answer

Music written to illustrate an external idea.

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Renaissance

answer

The period from approximately 1400 to 1527 that was seen as a rebirth of understanding after Middle Ages.

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Rococo style

answer

An eighteenth-century style typified by intricacy, grace, charm, and delicacy.

question

Sfumato

answer

Latin word meaning "smoky" (Italian: "to evaporate"). Used to describe very delicate gradations of light and shade in the modeling of figure—applied particularly to die works of Leonardo da Vinci.

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Word painting

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A musical technique in which the music attempts to enhance the meaning and emotion of a written text.

question

Which was the worst of the calamities that befell Europe in the late Middle Ages?

answer

the plague

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Which two countries fought in the Hundred Years' War?

answer

England and France

question

The Black Death of the fourteenth century was

answer

bubonic plague.

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As a result of the devastating plague, the leading image in late medieval art and literature became the

answer

Dance of Death.

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Which of the following cities was NOT a source of claimed papal authority during the years of the Great Schism?

answer

London

question

Which was the leading industry of the late Middle Ages?

answer

hand-loomed textile manufacturing

question

. Which was an important technological innovation made in the late Middle Ages?

answer

the printing press

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Which was a consequence of the Hundred Years' War?

answer

England was forced to cede its overseas lands to France, The dukes of Burgundy were brought under French control, France acquired Brittany through marriage.

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Which heroic figure emerged in the Hundred Years' War?

answer

Joan of Arc

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During most of the fourteenth century, the popes ruled the church from

answer

Avignon.

question

Which was a threat to papal power during the late Middle Ages?

answer

.unhappiness with the location of the Avignon papacy, the Great Schism, the conciliar movement

question

What was the Great Schism?

answer

the roughly forty-year period in which there were two and sometimes three popes, each claiming papal authority

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Late medieval religion was characterized by all of these EXCEPT

answer

powerful monastic reform.

question

Among the most important expressions of the "new devotion" or devotio moderna were the works of

answer

Thomas à Kempis.

question

The Hussite heresy flourished among the ________ people.

answer

Czech

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What was the Inquisition?

answer

a church court devoted to identifying and eliminating heretics in Europe

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In late medieval theology, the via moderna

answer

ignored reason altogether and concentrated on faith.

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What was Ockham's "razor"?

answer

a philosophical method for eliminating superfluous information

question

Which medieval thinker pioneered the experimental system in science?

answer

Roger Bacon

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Who of the following is most closely associated with an altarpiece completed for the cathedral at Ghent and involving more than a dozen hinged panels?

answer

Jan van Eyck

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Which of the following is the more formal name for a church's bell tower?

answer

campanile

question

The author of The Decameron was

answer

Boccaccio.

question

The Decameron helped bring into existence the modern

answer

short story.

question

Which of the following reflected the social tensions caused by the 1381 Peasants' Revolt?

answer

Langland's The Vision of Piers Plowman

question

What is the setting for The Canterbury Tales?

answer

a journey to Canterbury

question

Chaucer's Canterbury pilgrims

answer

represent all walks of medieval society.

question

Which fourteenth-century thinker used logic and theoretical models to demonstrate that the Earth could revolve around the sun (though he ultimately rejected his own arguments)?

answer

Nicholas Oresme

question

Chaucer's pilgrims intend to visit whose tomb?

answer

Thomas Becket

question

Christine de Pizan, in The Book of the City of Ladies, argues that women should

answer

be educated.

question

Who of the following wrote a collection of love lyrics and sonnets known as the Canzoniere, or Songbook?

answer

Francesco Petrarch

question

The hallmark of late Gothic builders was to

answer

push the Gothic style to extravagant limits.

question

In which of the following nations was the late Gothic style of architecture known as the Perpendicular style because of its dramatic emphasis on verticality?

answer

England

question

Late Gothic architecture in France culminated in the

answer

Flamboyant style.

question

Late Gothic architecture in England is called the

answer

Perpendicular style.

question

A unique feature of England's late Gothic architecture was

answer

fan vaulting.

question

Which artist or artists contributed to the rise of printmaking in late medieval Germany?

answer

the Housebook Master

question

________ turned painting in a new direction, one that led to the Renaissance.

answer

Giotto

question

The painter Giotto achieved all of the following EXCEPT

answer

mathematical perspective.

question

Fifteenth-century Flemish art was primarily concerned with

answer

achieving reality through symbolic detail.

question

Machaut's Notre Dame Mass was the first version of the Mass Ordinary by a known composer that was of what nature?

answer

ars nova

question

The paintings of Hans Memling can be characterized as

answer

serene and graceful religious images, filled with symbolism.

question

Which of the following artistic methods involved using a sharp tool to draw an image onto a metal plate overlaid with wax, dipping the plate in acid, and then printing it?

answer

engraving

question

Hams Memling was particularly celebrated for what aspect of his Madonna paintings?

answer

piety

question

What state or region was most successful in imitating the French and English model of state centralization and government?

answer

Spain

question

What condition, beginning in 1315, exacerbated the effects of the plague in Europe?

answer

famine

question

What were the various responses to the catastrophe of the plague?

answer

debauchery, religious mania, fled to the countryside, some took their vengeance out upon others ( Jews and "witches"), and the poor revolted.

question

What is the meaning of the term "Renaissance"?

answer

comes from the Latin term nasci, which means "to be born"; is to be born again

question

What dramatic event in 1348 greatly reduced the population of Europe? Where did the plague originate and how was it spread?

answer

The outbreak of the bubonic plague 1348 originated in Central Asia and was imported via rats on the trade ships coming into port at Messina, Sicily. From there it spread rapidly throughout Italy, France, Spain, Germany, the British Isles, the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden in a series of waves which lasted from approximately December 1347 through December 1349

question

How did the plague impact economic stability in fourth-century Europe?

answer

led to a huge deficit in agricultural labor and generally manpower. This in turn brought about famine and a series of uprisings of the lower classes.

question

Why did the young people in Boccaccio's Decameron leave Florence to live in the country for ten days?

answer

because of the onslaught of the plague

question

Why has the Decameron often been called the "Human Comedy" (in contrast to Dante's "Divine" Comedy)?

answer

because it recounts a series of comic, sometimes explicit, tales about human affairs and folly in contrast to the great epic of the period, Dante's Divine Comedy

question

What are "fabliaux" and "exempla"?

answer

bawdy fables stories with an instructive moral

question

Where was the residence of the Papacy from 1309 to 1367?

answer

located in Avignon in Southern France

question

After the return of the papacy to Rome, what name was given to the split (1378-1417) in the Roman Catholic Church?

answer

called the western schism

question

Which two European countries were the main combatants in the Hundred Years' War?

answer

France and England

question

Who was the first of the great Florentine painters discussed in Vasari's Lives of the Artists (1550)?

answer

Giotto di Bondone

question

Which Italian sculptors (father and son) demonstrate the Roman and northern Gothic influences in their work?

answer

Nicola and Giovanni Pisano

question

In what respects did the art of Cimabue and Duccio di Buoninsegna move beyond the Italo-Byzantine tradition?

answer

exhibit more realism and attention to the emotional expressions of their subjects

question

What was the preeminent characteristic of Giotto's art that allowed Vasari to credit him for "setting painting once again on the right path"?

answer

combination of idealism and realism

question

What was the subject of Giotto's Lamentation (c. 1305)?

answer

depicts the dead body of Christ surrounded by his apostles, angles and the Mary

question

In Giotto's Saint Francis Renouncing his Worldly Goods , how does the bishop react to Francis' nakedness? What action of the bishop symbolizes Francis' entry into the church?

answer

the bishop covers Francis' naked body with his Episcopal cape, symbolizing Francis' entry into the life of the church

question

How did Giovanni Pisano improve the work of his fathers, in his "Annunciation and Nativity"?

answer

He re carved the same thing, he made is more realistic,less crowded, and added more animals

question

How does Giotto use architecture in his paintings?

answer

to add perspective

question

What technique did Cimabue attempt?

answer

stacks people a little bit, but begins to try to add perspective and add realism and get closer to the 3D effect

question

How did Duccio and Giotto add realism to their work?

answer

perfected the crowd scene by obstructing faces and people at different heights

question

Who is the one who finally perfects the 3D effect in his paintings?

answer

Giotto

question

What is depicted in the two paintings of the Lorenzetti brothers? What scene passed away and what scene can we still find today?

answer

depicts the rich and dynamic life of Siena before the plague depicts the Tuscan countryside, which remains much the same today, unlike the city scene of his brother

question

Who was commissioned by the Duke of Burgundy to provide sculpture (The Well of Moses, 1406) for the Chartreuse monastery near Dijon?

answer

Claus Sluter

question

What were the subjects of the twelve illuminated pages in the Trés Riches Heures du Duc de Berry (1416)? Who were the artists?

answer

portray the twelve months of the year Limbourg Brothers

question

Who is portrayed inarticulately in the Duke of Burgundy?

answer

Mosis, in this sculpture he has horns and he is not supposed to, mistranslated (rays of light word in latin is horns)

question

What is the typical subject matter in Northern European art of this period?

answer

ordinary people, ordinary lives instead of religious

question

What is the Italian word for cathedral? Why is this an appropriate name for the cathedral of Florence?

answer

duomo topped by a magnificent dome and the cathedral is referred to as Il Duomo

question

What architect was responsible for the magnificent dome of Florence Cathedral?

answer

Brunelleschi

question

What name is given to the style of late Gothic architecture in England? Why?

answer

called "perpendicular" because of a design which emphasizes height

question

What are some of the engineering techniques invented by Brunelleschi for the Duomo that are still used today?

answer

He used brick with the Herring Bone pattern and he built an ordinary dome first on the inside then built the larger dome while standing on the smaller one.

question

What shift occurred in the role of the musician and composer in the fourteenth century?

answer

creating and performing music for secular audiences as well as for religious services

question

What musical qualities distinguished ars nova from the music of the previous era?

answer

more complex rhythmically and melodically and had richer harmonies than previous music

question

What is isorhythm and how did this technique effect music?

answer

a single voice repeats a rhythmic figure while the other voices weave in and out which creates a richness and dynamism new to polyphonic compositions

question

Flamboyant style

answer

flame like effect of buildings going up ex: st maclou church

question

black death

answer

A deadly plague that swept through Europe between 1347 and 1351

question

hundred years war

answer

Series of campaigns over control of the throne of France, involving English and French royal families and French noble families.

question

avignon papacy

answer

the period of Church history from 1308 to 1378 when the popes lived and ruled in Avignon, France instead of in Rome

question

babylonian captivity

answer

The period when all popes were French and resided in Avignon, France, starting with Clement V. This angered Italians and led to the Great Schism.

question

great schism

answer

(1378-1417) Split that occurred in the Catholic Church with two Popes, one in Avignon, France and the other in Rome, Italy. The Schism caused many to question the Church's authority.

question

Pope Boniface VIII

answer

A notoriously corrupt pope who reigned from 1294 to 1303, Boniface made a concerted attempt to increase the political might of the Catholic Church and was thus a political enemy of Dante, who advocated a separation of church and state.

question

unam sanctam

answer

most famous papal document of the Middle Ages (one/holy sanctuary) A Papal bull, issued by Boniface VIII in 1302. Extreme assertion of papal supremacy. No salvation outside the Roman Catholic Church & "every human creature" was "subject to the Roman pontiff." Creates tension with French king, Philip the Fair. Power issue.

question

giovanni boccaccio

answer

(1313-1375) Florentine author of the "Decameron", a bawdy collection of stories told by a group of men and women staying the countryside in order to escape the effects of the Black Death.

question

devotio moderna

answer

This popular movement among lay groups and ecclesiastical communities in the northern Netherlands stressed personal religious experience and encouraged meditation on the Life and Passion of Christ - Revival of lay spiritualit

question

john wycliffe

answer

(c.1328-1384) Forerunner to the Reformation. Created English Lollardy. Attacked the corruption of the clergy, and questioned the power of the pope. English theologian who wrote that Scriptures alone, not papal claims, should be the standard of Christian belief and practice (c. 1320-1384)

question

via antigua

answer

the "old way", the term used in late medieval thought by the opponents of St. Thomas Aquinas to describe his via media which they considered outdated

question

via moderna

answer

the "new way" the term used in late medieval thought by those thinkers who opposed the school of Aquinas

question

duns scotus

answer

Scottish Franciscan logical argumenter and scholar that taught at a Franciscan house in Oxford but according to the Dominicans he was a bad theologian

question

william of ockham

answer

father of Nominalism, Changes way humanity views God and themselves

question

robert grosseteste

answer

Called "The Founder of Modern Science (Scientific Method) influenced bacon

question

perpendicular style

answer

the highly decorative style of late gothic architecture that developed in England at the same time as the late gothic on the European continent ex: gloucester cathedral

question

fan vaulting

answer

a decorative pattern of vault ribs that arch out or radiate from a center point on the ceiling, popular in english perpendicular architecture

question

giovanni pisano

answer

Designed front of Sienna cathedral Designed Pulpit of Pisa Cathedral o Roman Sarcophagus: Romanesque style o Nativity: Gothic style: one of the panels of the Pisa Cathedral • Virgin Mary

question

italo-byzantine painting

answer

Artist: Resembles virgin Mary and baby Jesus as a type not individuals o Drapery o Actual gold used Crucifixion of Christ: geometric look

question

cimabue

answer

Madonna Enthroned One of first artists to break away from Italio-Byzantine style, Giotto's teacher,

question

giotto

answer

An artist who led the way into realism; his treatment of the human body and face replaced the formal stiffness and artificiality that had long characterized the representation of the human body

question

chiaroscuro

answer

The treatment of light and shade in a work of art, especially to give an illusion of depth

Chapter 11: The late middle ages – Flashcards

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