question

The Cannon-Bard theory of emotion states that A) emotions have two ingredients: physical arousal and a cognitive label. B) the conscious experience of an emotion occurs at the same time as the body's physical reaction. C) emotional experiences are based on an awareness of the body's responses to an emotion-arousing stimulus. D) emotional ups and downs tend to balance in the long run.

answer

B

question

Which of the following was NOT raised as a criticism of the James-Lange theory of emotion? A) The body's responses are too similar to trigger the various emotions. B) Emotional reactions occur before the body's responses can take place. C) The cognitive activity of the cortex plays a role in the emotions we experience. D) People with spinal cord injuries at the neck typically experience less emotion.

answer

D

question

Emotions consist of which of the following components? A) physiological reactions B) behavioral expressions C) conscious feelings D) all of these components

answer

D

question

Which theory of emotion emphasizes the simultaneous experience of the body's response and emotional feeling? A) James-Lange theory B) Cannon-Bard theory C) two-factor theory D) catharsis theory

answer

B

question

Which theory of emotion implies that every emotion is associated with a unique physiological reaction? A) James-Lange theory B) Cannon-Bard theory C) two-factor theory D) catharsis theory

answer

A

question

You are on your way to school to take a big exam. Suddenly, on noticing that your pulse is racing and that you are sweating, you feel nervous. With which theory of emotion is this experience most consistent? A) Cannon-Bard theory B) James-Lange theory C) relative deprivation theory D) adaptation-level theory

answer

B

question

Two years ago Maria, was in an automobile accident in which her spinal cord was severed, leaving her paralyzed from her neck down. Today, Maria finds that she experiences emotions less intensely than she did before her accident. This tends to support which theory of emotion? A) James-Lange theory B) Cannon-Bard theory C) adaptation-level theory D) relative deprivation theory

answer

A

question

Schachter's and Singer's two-factor theory emphasizes that emotion involves both A) the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the nervous system. B) verbal and nonverbal expression. C) physical arousal and a cognitive label. D) universal and culture-specific aspects.

answer

C

question

After hitting a grand-slam home run, Mike noticed that his heart was pounding. Later that evening, after nearly having a collision while driving on the freeway, Mike again noticed that his heart was pounding. That he interpreted this reaction as fear, rather than as ecstasy, can best be explained by the A) James-Lange theory. B) Cannon-Bard theory. C) two-factor theory. D) adaptation-level theory.

answer

C

question

Which division of the nervous system is especially involved in bringing about emotional arousal? A) somatic nervous system B) peripheral nervous system C) sympathetic nervous system D) parasympathetic nervous system

answer

C

question

Which of the following most accurately describes emotional arousal? A) Emotions prepare the body to fight or flee. B) Emotions are voluntary reactions to emotion-arousing stimuli. C) Because all emotions have the same physiological basis, emotions are primarily psychological events. D) Emotional arousal is always accompanied by cognition.

answer

A

question

In an emergency situation, emotional arousal will result in A) increased rate of respiration. B) increased blood sugar. C) a slowing of digestion. D) all of these events.

answer

D

question

After Brenda scolded her brother for forgetting to pick her up from school, the physical arousal that had accompanied her anger diminished. Which division of her nervous system mediated her physical relaxation? A) sympathetic division B) parasympathetic division C) somatic division D) peripheral nervous system

answer

B

question

Concerning emotions and their accompanying body responses, which of the following appears to be true? A) Each emotion has its own body response and underlying brain circuit. B) All emotions involve the same body response as a result of the same underlying brain circuit. C) Many emotions involve similar body responses but have different underlying brain circuits. D) All emotions have the same underlying brain circuits but different body responses.

answer

C

question

In laboratory experiments, fear and joy A) result in an increase in heart rate. B) stimulate different facial muscles. C) increase heart rate and stimulate different facial muscles. D) result in a decrease in heart rate.

answer

C

question

A student participating in an experiment concerned with physical responses that accompany emotions reports that her mouth is dry, her heart is racing, and she feels flushed. Can the emotion she is experiencing be determined? A) Yes, it is anger. B) Yes, it is fear. C) Yes, it is ecstasy. D) No, it cannot be determined from the information given.

answer

D

question

People who are exuberant and persistently cheerful show increased activity in the brain's ________, which is rich in receptors for the neurotransmitter ________. A) right frontal lobe; dopamine B) left frontal lobe; dopamine C) amygdala; serotonin D) thalamus; serotonin

answer

B

question

Nine-month-old Nicole's left frontal lobe is more active than her right frontal lobe. We can expect that, all other things being equal, Nicole A) may suffer from mild depression for most of her life. B) may have trouble "turning off" upsetting feelings later in her life. C) may be more cheerful than those with more active right frontal lobes. D) may have trouble expressing feelings later in her life.

answer

C

question

Julio was extremely angry when he came in for a routine EEG of his brain activity. When he later told this to the doctor, she was no longer concerned about the A) increased electrical activity in Julio's right hemisphere. B) increased electrical activity in Julio's left hemisphere. C) decreased electrical activity in Julio's amygdala. D) increased electrical activity in Julio's amygdala.

answer

A

question

(Thinking Critically) Many psychologists are opposed to the use of lie detectors because A) they represent an invasion of a person's privacy and could easily be used for unethical purposes. B) there are often serious discrepancies among the various indicators such as perspiration and heart rate. C) polygraphs cannot distinguish the various possible causes of arousal. D) they are accurate only about 50 percent of the time.

answer

C

question

(Thinking Critically) The polygraph measures A) lying. B) brain rhythms. C) chemical changes in the body. D) physiological indexes of arousal.

answer

D

question

(Thinking Critically) Current estimates are that the polygraph is inaccurate approximately ________ of the time. A) three-fourths B) one-half C) one-third D) one-fourth

answer

C

question

(Thinking Critically) Law enforcement officials sometimes use a lie detector to assess a suspect's responses to details of the crime believed to be known only to the perpetrator. This is known as the A) inductive approach. B) deductive approach. C) guilty knowledge test. D) screening examination.

answer

C

question

As part of her job interview, Jan is asked to take a lie-detector test. Jan politely refuses and points out that A) a guilty person can be found innocent by the polygraph. B) an innocent person can be found guilty. C) these tests err one-third of the time. D) all of these statements are true.

answer

D

question

In the Schachter-Singer experiment, which college men reported feeling an emotional change in the presence of the experimenter's highly emotional confederate? A) those receiving epinephrine and expecting to feel physical arousal B) those receiving a placebo and expecting to feel physical arousal C) those receiving epinephrine but not expecting to feel physical arousal D) those receiving a placebo and not expecting to feel physical arousal

answer

C

question

Which of the following was NOT presented in the text as evidence that some emotional reactions involve no deliberate, rational thinking? A) Some of the neural pathways involved in emotion are separate from those involved in thinking and memory. B) Emotional reactions are sometimes quicker than our interpretations of a situation. C) People can develop an emotional preference for visual stimuli to which they have been unknowingly exposed. D) Arousal of the sympathetic nervous system will trigger an emotional reaction even when artificially induced by an injection of epinephrine.

answer

D

question

Several studies have shown that physical arousal can intensify just about any emotion. For example, when people who have been physically aroused by exercise are insulted, they often misattribute their arousal to the insult. This finding illustrates the importance of A) cognitive labels of arousal in the conscious experience of emotions. B) a minimum level of arousal in triggering emotional experiences. C) the simultaneous occurrence of physical arousal and cognitive labeling in emotional experience. D) all of these things.

answer

A

question

Who will probably be angrier after getting a parking ticket? A) Bob, who has just awakened from a nap B) Veronica, who has just finished eating a big lunch C) Dan, who has just completed a tennis match D) Alicia, who has been reading a romantic novel

answer

C

question

Research with subliminally flashed stimuli supports Robert Zajonc's view that A) the heart is always subject to the mind. B) emotional reactions involve deliberate rational thinking. C) cognition is not necessary for emotion. D) responding to a subliminal stimulus is a learned skill.

answer

C

question

Research on nonverbal communication has revealed that A) it is easy to hide your emotions by controlling your facial expressions. B) facial expressions tend to be the same the world over, while gestures vary from culture to culture. C) most authentic expressions last between 7 and 10 seconds. D) most gestures have universal meanings; facial expressions vary from culture to culture.

answer

B

question

Which of the following is true regarding gestures and facial expressions? A) Gestures are universal; facial expressions, culture-specific. B) Facial expressions are universal; gestures, culture-specific. C) Both gestures and facial expressions are universal. D) Both gestures and facial expressions are culture-specific.

answer

B

question

Children in New York, Nigeria, and New Zealand smile when they are happy and frown when they are sad. This suggests that A) the Cannon-Bard theory is correct. B) some emotional expressions are learned at a very early age. C) the two-factor theory is correct. D) facial expressions of emotion are universal and biologically determined.

answer

D

question

I am an emotionally literate person who is very accurate at reading others' nonverbal behavior and describing my feelings. Who am I? A) an introvert B) an extravert C) a woman D) a man

answer

C

question

With regard to emotions, Darwin believed that A) the expression of emotions helped our ancestors to survive. B) all humans express basic emotions using similar facial expressions. C) human facial expressions of emotion retain elements of animals' emotional displays. D) all of these statements are true.

answer

D

question

Who is the LEAST likely to display personal emotions openly? A) Paul, a game warden in Australia B) Niles, a stockbroker in Belgium C) Deborah, a physicist in Toronto D) Yoko, a dentist in Japan

answer

D

question

In cultures that emphasize social interdependence A) emotional displays are typically intense. B) emotional displays are typically prolonged. C) personal emotions are displayed less visibly. D) all of these behaviors occur.

answer

C

question

The candidate stepped before the hostile audience, panic written all over his face. It is likely that the candidate's facial expression caused him to experience A) a lessening of his fear. B) an intensification of his fear. C) a surge of digestive enzymes in his body. D) increased body temperature.

answer

B

question

Izard believes that there are ________ basic emotions. A) 3 B) 5 C) 7 D) 10

answer

D

question

Catharsis will be most effective in reducing anger toward another person if A) you wait until you are no longer angry before confronting the person. B) the target of your anger is someone you feel has power over you. C) your anger is directed specifically toward the person who angered you. D) the other person is able to retaliate by also expressing anger.

answer

C

question

Concerning the catharsis hypothesis, which of the following is true? A) Expressing anger can be temporarily calming if it does not leave one feeling guilty or anxious. B) The arousal that accompanies unexpressed anger never dissipates. C) Expressing one's anger always calms one down. D) Psychologists agree that under no circumstances is catharsis beneficial.

answer

A

question

Jane was so mad at her brother that she exploded at him when he entered her room. That she felt less angry afterward is best explained by the principle of A) adaptation level. B) physiological arousal. C) relative deprivation. D) catharsis.

answer

D

question

Expressing anger can be adaptive when you A) retaliate immediately. B) have mentally rehearsed all the reasons for your anger. C) count to 10, then blow off steam. D) first wait until the anger subsides, then deal with the situation in a civil manner.

answer

D

question

When he asked people how they handled anger, James Averill found that they often recalled A) reacting hurtfully. B) walking away from the situation. C) reacting assertively. D) internalizing the anger.

answer

C

question

Research indicates that a person is most likely to be helpful to others if he or she A) is feeling guilty about something. B) is happy. C) recently received help from another person. D) recently offered help to another person.

answer

B

question

As elderly Mr. Hooper crosses the busy intersection, he stumbles and drops the packages he is carrying. Which passerby is most likely to help Mr. Hooper? A) Drew, who has been laid off from work for three months B) Leon, who is on his way to work C) Bonnie, who earned her doctoral degree the day before D) Nancy, whose father recently passed away

answer

C

question

A graph depicting the course of positive emotions over the hours of the day since waking would A) start low and rise steadily until bedtime. B) start high and decrease steadily until bedtime. C) remain at a stable, moderate level throughout the day. D) rise over the early hours and fall during the day's last several hours.

answer

D

question

Research suggests that people generally experience the greatest well-being when they strive for A) wealth. B) modest income increases from year to year. C) slightly higher status than their friends, neighbors, and co-workers. D) intimacy and personal growth.

answer

D

question

When Professor Simon acquired a spacious new office, he was overjoyed. Six months later, however, he was taking the office for granted. His behavior illustrates the A) relative deprivation principle. B) adaptation-level phenomenon. C) two-factor theory. D) optimum arousal principle.

answer

B

question

Cindy was happy with her promotion until she found out that Janice, who has the same amount of experience, receives a higher salary. Cindy's feelings are best explained according to the A) adaptation-level phenomenon. B) two-factor theory. C) catharsis hypothesis. D) principle of relative deprivation.

answer

D

question

Which of the following is true regarding happiness? A) People with more education tend to be happier. B) Beautiful people tend to be happier than plain people. C) Women tend to be happier than men. D) People who are socially outgoing or who exercise regularly tend to be happier.

answer

D

question

When students studied others who were worse off than themselves, they felt greater satisfaction with their own lives. This is an example of the principle of A) relative deprivation. B) adaptation level. C) behavioral contrast. D) opponent processes.

answer

A

question

Which of these factors have researchers NOT found to correlate with happiness? A) a satisfying marriage or close friendship B) high self-esteem C) religious faith D) education

answer

D

question

Stress is defined as A) unpleasant or aversive events that cannot be controlled. B) situations that threaten health. C) the process by which we perceive and respond to challenging or threatening events. D) anything that decreases immune responses.

answer

C

question

Connie complains to the campus psychologist that she has too much stress in her life. The psychologist tells her that the level of stress people experience depends primarily on A) how many activities they are trying to do at the same time. B) how they appraise the events of life. C) their physical hardiness. D) how predictable stressful events are.

answer

B

question

The stress hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine are released by the ________ gland(s) in response to stimulation by the ________ branch of the nervous system. A) pituitary; sympathetic B) pituitary; parasympathetic C) adrenal; sympathetic D) adrenal; parasympathetic

answer

C

question

"Tend and befriend" refers to A) the final stage of the general adaptation syndrome. B) the health-promoting impact of having a strong system of social support. C) an alternative to the "fight-or-flight" response that may be more common in women. D) the fact that spiritual people typically are not socially isolated.

answer

C

question

In order, the sequence of stages in the general adaptation syndrome is A) alarm reaction, resistance, exhaustion. B) resistance, alarm reaction, exhaustion. C) exhaustion, resistance, alarm reaction. D) alarm reaction, exhaustion, resistance.

answer

A

question

During which stage of the general adaptation syndrome is a person especially vulnerable to disease? A) alarm reaction B) resistance C) exhaustion D) adaptation

answer

C

question

Each semester, Bob does not start studying until just before midterms. Then he is forced to work around the clock until after final exams, which makes him sick, probably because he is in the ________ phase of the ________. A) alarm; post-traumatic stress syndrome B) resistance; general adaptation syndrome C) exhaustion; general adaptation syndrome D) depletion; post-traumatic stress syndrome

answer

C

question

Research studies demonstrate that after a catastrophe, rates of ________ often increase. A) depression B) anxiety C) sleeplessness D) all of these problems

answer

D

question

Researchers Friedman and Rosenman refer to individuals who are very time-conscious, supermotivated, verbally aggressive, and easily angered as A) ulcer-prone personalities. B) cancer-prone personalities. C) Type A. D) Type B.

answer

C

question

The leading cause of death in North America is A) lung cancer. B) AIDS. C) coronary heart disease. D) alcohol-related accidents.

answer

C

question

Which of the following statements concerning Type A and B persons is true? A) Even when relaxed, Type A persons have higher blood pressure than Type B persons. B) When stressed, Type A persons redistribute bloodflow to the muscles and away from internal organs. C) Type B persons tend to suppress anger more than Type A persons. D) Type A persons tend to be more outgoing than Type B persons.

answer

B

question

The component of Type A behavior that is the most predictive of coronary disease is A) time urgency. B) competitiveness. C) high motivation. D) anger.

answer

D

question

Jill is an easygoing, noncompetitive person who is happy in her job and enjoys her leisure time. She would probably be classified as A) Type A. B) Type B. C) Type C. D) There is too little information to tell.

answer

B

question

A white blood cell that is formed in the thymus and that attacks cancer cells is A) a macrophage. B) a B lymphocyte. C) a T lymphocyte D) any of these cells.

answer

C

question

Genuine illnesses that are caused by stress are called ________ illnesses. A) psychophysiological B) cathartic C) psychogenic D) psychotropic

answer

A

question

The disease- and infection-fighting cells of the immune system are A) B lymphocytes. B) T lymphocytes. C) macrophages. D) all of these types of cells.

answer

D

question

Compared with men, women A) have stronger immune systems. B) are less susceptible to infections. C) are more susceptible to self-attacking diseases such as multiple sclerosis. D) have all these characteristics.

answer

D

question

Allergic reactions and arthritis are caused by A) an overreactive immune system. B) an underreactive immune system. C) the presence of B lymphocytes. D) the presence of T lymphocytes.

answer

A

question

Philip's physician prescribes a stress management program to help Philip control his headaches. The physician has apparently diagnosed Philip's condition as a ________ illness. A) psychogenic B) biopsychosocial C) psychophysiological D) aerobic

answer

C

question

One effect of stress on the body is to A) suppress the immune system. B) facilitate the immune system response. C) increase disease resistance. D) increase the growth of B and T lymphocytes.

answer

A

question

When would you expect that your immune responses would be WEAKEST? A) during summer vacation B) during exam weeks C) just after receiving good news D) Immune activity would probably remain constant during these times.

answer

B

question

Stress has been demonstrated to place a person at increased risk of A) cancer. B) progressing from HIV infection to AIDS. C) bacterial infections. D) all of these conditions.

answer

D

question

AIDS is a disorder that causes a breakdown in the body's A) endocrine system. B) circulatory system. C) immune system. D) respiratory system.

answer

C

question

Research on cancer patients reveals that A) stress affects the growth of cancer cells by weakening the body's natural resources. B) patients' attitudes can influence their rate of recovery. C) cancer occurs slightly more often than usual among those widowed, divorced, or separated. D) all of these statements are true.

answer

D

question

(Thinking Critically) Acupuncture, aromatherapy, and homeopathy are forms of A) psychophysiological medicine. B) complementary and alternative medicine. C) Chi therapy. D) psychosomatic medicine.

answer

B

question

(Thinking Critically) Andrew, who is convinced that an expensive herbal remedy "cured" his arthritis, has decided to turn to homeopathy and herbal medicine for all of his health care. You caution him by pointing out that A) arthritis is a cyclical disease that often improves on its own. B) botanical herbs have never been proven effective in controlled experiments. C) alternative medicine is a recent fad in this country that has few proponents in other parts of the world. D) all of these statements are true.

answer

A

question

Attempting to alleviate stress directly by changing a stressor or how we interact with it is an example of A) problem-focused coping. B) emotion-focused coping. C) managing rather than coping with stress. D) catharsis.

answer

A

question

Ricardo has been unable to resolve a stressful relationship with a family member. To cope, he turns to a close friend for social support. Ricardo's coping strategy is an example of A) problem-focused coping. B) emotion-focused coping. C) managing rather than coping. D) general adaptation.

answer

B

question

You have just transferred to a new campus and find yourself in a potentially stressful environment. According to the text, which of the following would help you cope with the stress? A) believing that you have some control over your environment B) having a friend to confide in C) feeling optimistic that you will eventually adjust to your new surroundings D) All of these things would help.

answer

D

question

Which of the following would be the BEST piece of advice to offer a person who is trying to minimize the adverse effects of stress on his or her health? A) "Avoid challenging situations that may prove stressful." B) "Learn to play as hard as you work." C) "Maintain a sense of control and a positive approach to life." D) "Keep your emotional responses in check by keeping your feelings to yourself."

answer

C

question

Social support ________ our ability to cope with stressful events. A) has no effect on B) usually increases C) usually decreases D) has an unpredictable effect on

answer

B

question

Karen and Kyumi attend different universities, but both have rooms in on-campus dorms. Karen's dorm is large and roomy, with only two students to a suite. Kyumi attends a city school, where the dorms are small, overcrowded, and noisy, with five students to a room, which makes study very difficult. Which student is probably under more stress? A) Karen B) Kyumi C) There should be no difference in their levels of stress. D) It is impossible to predict stress levels in this situation.

answer

B

question

To help him deal with a stressful schedule of classes, work, and studying, Randy turns to a regular program of exercise and relaxation training. Randy's strategy is an example of A) problem-focused coping. B) emotion-focused coping. C) managing rather than coping. D) general adaptation.

answer

C

question

Which of the following was NOT mentioned in the text as a potential health benefit of exercise? A) Exercise can increase ability to cope with stress. B) Exercise can lower blood pressure. C) Exercise can reduce stress, depression, and anxiety. D) Exercise improves functioning of the immune system.

answer

D

question

Research has demonstrated that as a predictor of health and longevity, religious involvement A) has a small, insignificant effect. B) is more accurate for women than men. C) is more accurate for men than women. D) rivals nonsmoking and exercise.

answer

D

question

Which of the following was NOT suggested as a possible explanation of the "faith factor" in health? A) Having a coherent worldview is a buffer against stress. B) Religious people tend to have healthier life-styles. C) Those who are religious have stronger networks of social support. D) Because they are more affluent, religiously active people receive better health care.

answer

D

question

Concluding her presentation on spirituality and health, Maja notes that A) historically, religion and medicine joined hands in caring for the sick. B) religious involvement predicts health and longevity. C) people who attend religious services weekly have healthier life-styles. D) all of these statements are true.

answer

D

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