Chapter 11 Introduction to Genetics: Chapter Vocabulary Review – Flashcards
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Genetics
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the scientific study of heredity
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Trait
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specific characteristics
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Hybrid
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offspring of crosses between parents with different traits
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Gene
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factor that determines traits
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Allele
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form of a gene
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Gamete
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sex cell
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Probability
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likelihood that something will happen
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Punnett square
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diagram showing possible gene combinations
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Haploid
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containing a single set of chromosomes
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Meiosis
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process of reduction division
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True-Breeding
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Organisms that self-pollinate, producing offspring identical to themselves, are _________________.
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Phenotype; Genotypes
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Although organisms with the same physical characteristics have the same ___________, they might have different ___________, or genetic makeup.
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Independent Assortment
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According to the principle known as ____________, genes that segregate independently do not influence each others inheritance.
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Incomplete Dominance; Codominance
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___________ and ___________ are similar because the heterozygous phenotype is different from the homozygous dominant phenotype.
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Crossing-over
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__________ results in the exchange of alleles and produces new combinations of alleles.
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Fertilization
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In what process do male and female reproductive cells join during sexual reproduction?
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Segregation
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The separation of alleles during gamete formation is called
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Homozygous
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Organisms that have identical alleles for a particular trait are
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Heterozygous
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An organism that has an allele for brown eyes and an allele for blue eyes is
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Multiple alleles
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Genes that have more than two alleles have
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Polygenic traits
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Traits controlled by two or more genes are
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Homologous
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The diagram below illustrates which type of chromosomes that may cross over and exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis?
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Diploid
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What type of cell has two sets of chromosomes?
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Tetrad
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There are four chromatids in a
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Gene map
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Which of the following shows the relative locations of each known gene in an organism?
