Chapter 11: Chemical Reactions – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
chemical equation
answer
_______ _______ is a representation of a chemical reaction with reactants on the left, products on the right, and an arrow separating the two
question
skeleton equation
answer
__________ _______ is a chemical equation that does not indicate the relative amounts of the reactants and products
question
catalyst
answer
A substance that speeds up the reaction but is not used up in the reaction
question
coefficient
answer
A ______ is small whole number ratios that are placed in front of the formulas in an equation in order to balance it
question
balanced equation
answer
A _______ ______ is an equation where each side of the equation has the same number of atoms of each element, and mass is conserved
question
word equation
answer
Iron + oxygen ---> iron (III) oxide is an example of a(n) _______ _____
question
chemical equation
answer
Fe + O2 ---> Fe2O3 is an example of a(n) _______ _______
question
2H2 + O2 ---> 2H2O
answer
Balance H2 + O2 ---> H2O
question
2AgNO3 + H2S ---> Ag2S + 2HNO3
answer
Balance AgNO3 + H2S ---> Ag2S + HNO3
question
solid, gas, liquid, and aqueous
answer
What do (s), (g), (l) and (aq) stand for?
question
combination reaction
answer
A chemical change in which two or more substances react to form a single new substance
question
decomposition reaction
answer
A chemical change in which a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler products
question
single replacement reaction
answer
A chemical change in which one element replaces a second element in a compound
question
double replacement reaction
answer
A chemical change involving an exchange of positive ions between two compounds
question
combustion reaction
answer
A chemical change in which an element or compound reacts with oxygen, often producing energy in the form of heat or light.
question
combination
answer
Is 2Mg(s) + O2(g) ---> 2MgO a combination, decomposition, or single replacement reaction?
question
decomposition
answer
Is HgO(s) ---> Hg(l) + O2(g) a combination, decomposition, or single replacement reaction?
question
single replacement
answer
Is 2K(s) + 2H2O(l) ---> 2KOH(aq) + H2(g) a combination, decomposition, or single replacement reaction?
question
activity series
answer
A list of metals in order of decreasing reactivity
question
combination
answer
Reactants: 2 elements
Products: A single compound
Is it a combination, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, or combustion reaction?
question
decomposition
answer
Reactants: A single compound
Products: Two or more elements/compounds
Is it a combination, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, or combustion reaction?
question
single replacement
answer
Reactants: An element and a compound
Products: A different elements and new compound
Is it a combination, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, or combustion reaction?
question
double replacement
answer
Reactants: Two ionic compounds
Products: Two new compounds
Is it a combination, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, or combustion reaction?
question
combustion
answer
Reactants: Oxygen and a compound of C, H, O
Products: CO2 and H2O
Is it a combination, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, or combustion reaction?
question
complete ionic equation
answer
An equation that shows dissolved ionic compounds as dissociated free ions
question
spectator ion
answer
An ion that appears on both sides of an equation and is not directly involved in the reaction
question
net ionic equation
answer
An equation for a reaction in solution that shows only those particles that are directly involved in the chemical change
question
complete ionic
answer
Is Ag+(aq) + NO3-(aq) +Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq) ---> AgCl(s) + Na+(aq) + NO3-(aq) a complete ionic equation or a net ionic equation?
question
net ionic
answer
Is Ag+(aq) + Cl-(aq) ---> AgCl(s) a complete ionic equation or a net ionic equation?
question
mass and charge
answer
In a net ionic equation, what two things are balanced?
question
Chemical equation
answer
AN expression representing a chemical reaction; the formulas of the reactants(on the left) are connected by an arrow with the formulas for the products(on the right)
question
Skeleton equation
answer
A chemical equation that doesn't indicate the relative amounts of reactants and products
question
Catalyst
answer
A substance that increases the rate of reaction by lowering the activation-energy barrier; the catalyst is not used up in a reaction
question
Coefficient
answer
A small whole number that appears in front of a formula in a balanced chemical equation
question
Balanced equation
answer
A chemical equation in which mass is conserved; each side of the equation has the same number if atoms of each element
question
Combination reaction
answer
A chemical change in which 2 or more substances react to form a single new substance; aka synthesis reaction
question
Decomposition reaction
answer
A chemical change in which a single compound is broken down into 2 or more simpler products
question
Single-replacement reaction
answer
A chemical change in which 1 element replaces a second element in a compound; aka displacement reaction
question
Activity series
answer
A list of elements in order of decreasing activity; the activity series of a halogen is Fl,Cl, Br, I
question
Double-replacement reaction
answer
A chemical change that involves an exchange of positive ions between 2 compounds
question
Combustion reaction
answer
A chemical change in which an element or a compound reacts with oxygen often producing energy in the form of heat and light
question
Complete ionic equation
answer
an equation that shows dissolved ionic compounds as dissociated free ions
question
Spectator ion
answer
An ion that is not directly involved in a chemical reaction; an ion that doesn't change oxidation number or composition during a reaction
question
net ion equation
answer
An equation for a reaction in solution showing only those particles that are directly involved in the chemical change
question
Write names of the reactants to the left of the arrow separated by plus signs; write the names of the products to the right of the arrow, also separated by plus signs.
answer
How do you write a word equation?
question
chemical equation
answer
a representation of a chemical reaction; the formulas of the reactants (on the left) are connected by an arrow with the formulas of the products (on the right).
question
skeletal equation
answer
a chemical equation that does not indicate the relative amounts of the reactants and products.
question
Write the formulas of the reactants to the left of the yields sign (arrow) and the formulas of the products to the right.
answer
How do you write a skeletal equation?
question
catalyst
answer
a substance that speeds up the reaction but is not used up in the reaction.
question
coefficients
answer
small whole numbers that are placed in front of the formulas in an equation in order to balance it.
question
First write the skeletal equation, then use coefficients to balanced the equation so it obeys the law of conservation of mass.
answer
How do you write a balanced chemical equation?
question
balanced equation
answer
chemical equation in which each side of the equation has the same number of atoms of each element and mass is conserved.
question
combination, decomposition, single-replacement, double-replacement, and combustion.
answer
What are the five general types of chemical reactions?
question
combination reaction
answer
chemical change in which two or more elements react to form a compound.
question
decomposition reaction
answer
chemical change in which a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler products.
question
single-replacement reaction
answer
chemical change in which one element replaces a second element in a compound.
question
activity series
answer
a list of metals in order of decreasing (or increasing) reactivity.
question
double-replacement reaction
answer
chemical change involving an exchange of positive ions between two compounds.
question
combustion reaction
answer
chemical change in which an element or a compound reacts with oxygen, often producing energy in the form of heat and light.
question
The number of elements and/or compounds
answer
How can you predict the products of the five general types of reactions?
question
complete ionic equation
answer
an equation that shows dissolved ionic compounds as dissociated free ions.
question
spectator ion
answer
an ion that appears on both sides of an equation and is not directly involved in the reaction.
question
net ionic equation
answer
an equation for a reaction in a solution that shows only those particles that are directly involved in the chemical change?
question
Only those particles involved in the reaction and is balanced with respect to both mass and charge.
answer
What does a net ionic equation show?
question
N, H, F, O, I, Cl, Br
answer
What are the elements that only exist on their own as diatomic molecules?
question
Never Have Fear Of Ice Cold Beer
answer
What is the memory device to remember the elements that only exist on their own as diatomic molecules?
question
Chemical reaction
answer
atoms of one or more substances are rearranged to form different substances
question
reactant
answer
elements and compounds that go into the reaction; on the left of the yields arrow
question
product
answer
the new substances that are formed in a chemical reaction; to the right of the yield sign
question
chemical equation
answer
A representation of a chemical reaction that uses symbols to show the relationship between the reactants and the products.
question
coefficient
answer
Number in front of the equation; tells how many atoms, molecules, or formula units take part in the reaction
question
subscript
answer
tells how many atoms of an element or a polyatomic ion are present in a compound
question
exothermic reaction
answer
energy is released; you will feel the heat
question
endothermic reation
answer
energy is absorbed; you will feel cold
question
combustion reaction
answer
a chemical reaction that occurs when a substance reacts with oxygen, releasing energy in the form of heat and light
question
synthesis reaction
answer
A chemical reaction in which two or more simple reactants combine to produce a single product.
question
decomposition reaction
answer
A reaction in which a single compound breaks down to form two or more simpler substances
question
single-displacement reaction
answer
chemical reaction in which one element replaces another element in a compound
question
double-displacement reaction
answer
a reaction in which two M-NM compounds exchange anions (NMs) to form new compunds
question
Law of Conservation of Mass
answer
Mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction, only rearranged. The mass of the reactants will equal the mass of the products.
question
Yields or produces
answer
What is the arrow called in a chemical reaction?
question
Synthesis
answer
2CO + O₂ → 2CO₂
question
Decomposition
answer
2HgO → 2Hg + O₂
question
Combustion
answer
CH₄ + 2O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O
question
Acid-Base
answer
KOH + H₂CO3 → K₂CO3 + H₂O
question
when one or more reactants change into one or more new substances called products
answer
When does a chemical reaction occur?
question
yield, give, or reacts to produce
answer
What does the arrow in a reaction mean?
question
acetylene reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water
answer
Type the equation of this: acetylene + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
question
when heated, mercury (II) oxide reacts to form mercury and oxygen
answer
Type the equation of this: mercury (II) + oxide -> mercury + oxygen
question
a representation of a chemical reaction
answer
What is a chemical equation?
question
Skeleton Equation
answer
an equation that shows only the formula but not the amounts of the reactants and products
question
Reactants in Li + Br2 -> LiBr
answer
Li and Br2
question
Products in Li + Br2 -> LiBr
answer
LiBr
question
No
answer
Is a catalyst the new material produced as a result of a chemical reaction?
question
No
answer
Does a catalyst get used up in a chemical reaction?
question
No
answer
Does a catalyst add heat to a chemical reaction?
question
Yes
answer
Does a catalyst speed up a chemical reaction?
question
HCl (aq) + Zn (s) -> ZnCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)
answer
Skeletal equation for...
hydrochloric acid reacts with zinc to produce aqueous zinc (II) chloride and hydrogen gas
question
mass cannot be created nor destroyed
answer
What is the law of conservation of mass?
question
5
answer
How many general types of chemical reactions are there?
question
synthesis, decomposition, single-replacement, double-replacement, combustion
answer
What are the general types of chemical reactions?
question
one single product
answer
What is a characteristic of a synthesis reaction?
question
two nonmetals or a transition metal and a nonmetal
answer
Which sets of reactant can produce more than one product?
question
no
answer
Is the product a synthesis reaction always a molecular compound?
question
2 products
answer
What is a characteristic of a decomposition reaction?
question
an explosion because of the formation of gaseous products and heat
answer
What can rapid decomposition reactions cause and why?
question
energy in the form of light, heat, or electricity
answer
What do most decomposition reactions require and in what form?
question
1 element + compound -> 1 element + compound
answer
What is a characteristic of a single-replacement reaction?
question
What are the characteristics of a double-replacement reaction?
answer
2 compounds -> 2 compounds and there is the formation of a precipitate
question
When solutions of ionic compounds are mixed what three circumstances can indicate that a double-replacement reaction has happened?
answer
there is a precipitate, a gas, or water
question
What are the characteristics of a combustion reaction?
answer
CO2 and H2O are products
question
What are often reactants in combustion reactions?
answer
hydrocarbons (compounds of hydrogen and carbon)
question
Which compounds can be produced by combustion reactions?
answer
carbon dioxide and water
question
Product
answer
A new substance formed in a chemical reaction.
question
Reactant
answer
A starting substance in a chemical reaction.
question
Chemical Equation
answer
A concise representation of a chemical reaction.
question
Balanced Equation
answer
An equation in which each side has the same number of atoms of each element.
question
Skeleton Equation
answer
A chemical equation that does not indicate relative amounts of reactants and products.
question
→
answer
Yield Symbol
question
+
answer
Reacting with, or produced with
question
(s)
answer
Soild
question
↓
answer
Precipitates out.
question
(l)
answer
Liquid form
question
(g)
answer
gas form
question
Coefficients. Define and explain how they are used.
answer
The numbers written in FRONT of formulas
They indicate the RATIO of each COMPOUND in the EQUATION.
They are used to balance equations.
question
Chemical Equation
answer
An expression representing a chemical reaction; the formulas of the reactants (on the left) are connected by an arrow with the formulas for the products (on the right)
question
Skeleton Equation
answer
A chemical equation that does not indicate the relative amounts of reactants and products
question
Catalyst
answer
A substance that increases the rate of reaction by lowering the activation energy barrier; this is not used up in a reaction
question
Balanced Equation
answer
A chemical equation in which mass is conserved; each side of the equation has the same number of atoms of each element
question
Coefficient
answer
A small whole number that appears in front of a formula in a balanced chemical equation
question
Combination Reaction
answer
A chemical change in which two or more substances react to form a single new substance; also called a synthesis reaction
question
Decomposition Reaction
answer
A chemical change in which a single compound is broken down into two or more simpler products
question
Single-Replacement Reaction
answer
A chemical change in which one element replaces a second element in a compound; also called a displacement reaction
question
Double Replacement Reaction
answer
A chemical change that involves an exchange of positive ions between two compounds
question
Combustion Reaction
answer
A chemical change in which an element or a compound reacts with oxygen, often producing energy in the form of heat and light
question
Activity Series
answer
A list of elements in order of decreasing activity; the activity series of halogens is Fl, Cl, Br, I
question
Complete Ionic Equation
answer
An equation that shows dissolved ionic compounds as dissociated free ions
question
Net Ionic Equation
answer
An equation for a reaction in solution showing only those particles that are directly involved in the chemical change
question
Spectator
answer
An ion that is not directly involved in a chemical reaction; an ion that does not change oxidation number or composition during a reaction
question
Activity series
answer
A list of elements in order of decreasing activity
question
Balanced equation
answer
A chemical equation in which mass is conserved
question
Catalyst
answer
A substance that increases the rate of reaction by lowering the activation-energy barrier
question
Chemical equation
answer
An expression representing a chemical reaction
question
Combination reaction
answer
A chemical change in which two or more substances react to form a single new substance
question
Combustion reaction
answer
A chemical reaction that occurs when a substance reacts with oxygen, releasing energy in the form of heat and light
question
Complete ionic equation
answer
An equation that shows dissolved ionic compounds as dissociated free ions
question
Decomposition reaction
answer
A reaction in which a single compound breaks down to form two or more simpler substances
question
Double-replacement reaction
answer
A chemical change involving an exchange of positive ions between two compounds
question
Net ionic equation
answer
An equation for a reaction in solution showing only those particles that are directly involved in the chemical change
question
Single-replacement reaction
answer
A chemical change in which one element replaces a second element in a compound
question
Skeleton equation
answer
A chemical equation that does not indicate the relative amounts of the reactants and products
question
Spectator ion
answer
An ion that appears on both sides of an equation and is not directly involved in the reaction
question
(aq)
answer
dissolved in water
question
(s)
answer
solid
question
(l)
answer
liquid
question
reactants
answer
the starting substances of a chemical reaction
question
products
answer
the ending substances of a chemical reaction
question
Chemical equations must be balanced to satisfy the ____ of _____ of mass
answer
law, conservation
question
mass is neither created nor destroyed
answer
Define the law of conservation of mass
question
In order to predict whether or not a single-replacement reaction takes place, you need to consult a chart that shows the ____.
answer
activity series of metals
question
In a combustion reaction, one of the reactants is _____
answer
oxygen
question
a written representation of a process that occurs in a chemical reaction
answer
chemical equation
question
used to separate one reactant or product from another
answer
+
question
Diatomic Elements are always ______ (written with a subscribe of 2) when they are in their elemental form
use this to write a _____ equation
answer
diatomic, skeleton
question
What are the diatomic elements?
answer
chlorine, bromines, fluorine, hydrogen, nitrogen, iodine, oxygen
question
two or more elements or compounds combine to form one compound.
answer
combination reaction
question
a single compound decomposes into two or more elements or smaller compounds.
answer
decomposition reaction
question
a metal will replace a less active metal in an ionic compound OR a nonmetal will replace a less active nonmetal.
answer
single replacement reaction
question
the metals in ionic compounds switch places.
answer
double replacement reaction
question
an organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen and sometimes oxygen reacts
with oxygen gas to form carbon dioxide and water.
answer
combustion reaction
question
In a decomposition reaction, there is a ____ reaction
answer
single
question
a change in matter that produces new substances
answer
chemical reaction
question
the number in front of a chemical formula that tells how many molecules or atoms of each reactant take part in a reaction
answer
coefficient
question
a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change.
answer
catalyst
question
A equation where each side of the equation has the same number of atoms of each element, and mass is conserved
answer
balanced equation
question
Iron + oxygen ---> iron (III) oxide is an example of a(n)?
answer
word equation
question
A list of metals in order of decreasing reactivity
answer
activity series
question
An ion that appears on both sides of an equation and is not directly involved in the reaction
answer
spectator ion
question
An equation that shows dissolved ionic compounds as dissociated free ions
answer
complete ionic equation
question
In a net ionic equation, what two things are balanced?
answer
mass and charge
question
An equation for a reaction in solution that shows only those particles that are directly involved in the chemical change
answer
net ionic equation
question
After writing the skeleton equation, use ______ to balance the equation so that it obeys the law of conservation of mass.
answer
coefficients
question
A double-replacement reaction generally takes place between two ______ compounds in aqueous solution.
answer
ionic
question
Hydrogen gas and sodium hydroxide are
formed when sodium is dropped into water.
What are the reactants and products?
answer
reactants: sodium and water; products: hydrogen and sodium hydroxide`
question
The arrow separates the reactants from the products and indicates a reaction that progresses in the for- ward direction
answer
What is the function of an arrow (--------------->) in a chemical equation>
question
To speed up a chemical reaction
answer
What is the purpose of a catalyst?
question
syntesis
answer
ANOTHER name for a combination reaction
question
In all combination reactions, the produce is a single ____ and thus a _____
answer
substance, compound
question
When is more than one product common in a combination reaction?
answer
when two nonmetals react, when a transition metal and nonmetal react
question
Decomposition reaction involves one ____ and ____ or more products
answer
reactant, two
question
A ____ ____ will replace any metal below its reactivity
answer
reactive metal
question
A _____ can replace another halogen from a compound
the activity of halogens _____ going down
answer
halogen, decreases
question
Which is more reactive? bromine or chlorine?
answer
chlorine
question
What proposes evidence of a double replacement reaction? (at least one should occur)
answer
1. one product is a precipitate (solid)
2. one product is a gas
3. one product is a molecular compound
question
Write this chemical equation:
Copper reacts with silver nitrate to produce copper (II) nitrate and silver
answer
Cu+AgNO3 -----> Cu (NO3)2 + Ag
question
a chemical equation that does not indicate the relative amounts of the reactants and products
answer
skeleton equation
question
when does a chemical reaction occur?
answer
when one or more reactants change into one or more new substances called products
question
What does the arrow in a reaction mean?
answer
yields, give, reacts to the product
question
Reactants in Li + Br2 -> LiBr
answer
Li, Br2
question
Products in Li + Br2 -> LiBr
answer
LiBr
question
Skeletal equation for...
hydrochloric acid reacts with zinc to produce aqueous zinc (II) chloride and hydrogen gas
answer
HCl (aq) + Zn (s) -> ZnCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)
question
How many general types of chemical reactions are there?
answer
5
question
What is a characteristic of a synthesis reaction?
answer
one single product
question
What is a characteristic of a decomposition reaction?
answer
2 products
question
What do most decomposition reactions require and in what form?
answer
energy in the form of light, heat, or electricity
question
What are often reactants in combustion reactions?
answer
compounds of hydrogen and compound
question
Which compounds can be produced by combustion reactions?
answer
carbon dioxide, water
question
After writing the skeleton equation, use ____ to balance the equation so that is obeys the law of conservation of _____
answer
coefficients, mass
question
When does a chemical reaction occur?
answer
when one or more reactants change into one or more new substances called products
question
What does the arrow in a reaction mean?
answer
yield, give, or reacts to produce
question
Equation for...
acetylene reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water
answer
acetylene + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
question
Equation for...
when heated, mercury (II) oxide reacts to form mercury and oxygen
answer
mercury (II) + oxide -> mercury + oxygen
question
What is a chemical equation?
answer
a representation of a chemical reaction
question
Skeleton Equation
answer
an equation that shows only the formula but not the amounts of the reactants and products
question
Li and Br2
answer
What are the reactants in (Li + Br2 -> LiBr)
question
LiBr
answer
What are the products in (Li + Br2 -> LiBr)
question
no
answer
Is a catalyst the new material produced as a result of a chemical reaction?
question
no
answer
Does a catalyst get used up in a chemical reaction?
question
no
answer
Does a catalyst add heat to a chemical reaction?
question
Skeletal equation for...
hydrochloric acid reacts with zinc to produce aqueous zinc (II) chloride and hydrogen gas
answer
HCl (aq) + Zn (s) -> ZnCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)
question
What is the law of conservation of mass?
answer
mass cannot be created nor destroyed
question
How many general types of chemical reactions are there?
answer
5
question
synthesis, decomposition, single-replacement, double-replacement, combustion
answer
What are the general types of chemcial reactions?
question
One single product
answer
What is a characteristic of a synthesis reaction?
question
Two nonmetals or a transition metal and a nonmetal
answer
Which sets of reactant can produce more than one product?
question
No
answer
Is the product a synthesis reaction always a molecular compound?
question
2 products
answer
What is a characteristic of a decomposition reaction?
question
an explosion because of the formation of gaseous products and heat
answer
What can rapid decomposition reactions cause and why?
question
energy in the form of light, heat, or electricity
answer
What do most decomposition reactions require and in what form?
question
1 element + compound -> 1 element + compound
answer
What is a characteristic of a single-replacement reaction?
question
2 compounds -> 2 compounds and there is the formation of a precipitate
answer
What are the characteristics of a double-replacement reaction?
question
there is a precipitate, a gas, or water
answer
When solutions of ionic compounds are mixed what three circumstances can indicate that a double-replacement reaction has happened?
question
CO2 and H2O are products
answer
What are the characteristics of a combustion reaction?
question
hydrocarbons (compounds of hydrogen and carbon)
answer
What are often reactants in combustion reactions?
question
carbon dioxide and water
answer
Which compounds can be produced by combustion reactions?
question
Use coefficients to balance the equation so that it obeys the law of conversation of mass
answer
How do you write a skeleton equation?
question
______ are small whole numbers that are placed in front of the formulas in an equation in order to balance it
answer
Coefficients
question
A ______ _____ is a chemical reaction in which each side of the equation has the same number of atoms of each element and mass is conserved
answer
Balanced equation
question
Combination, decomposition, single-replacement, double-replacement, and combustion
answer
Name the five general types of reactions
question
combination reaction
answer
________ _______ is a chemical change in which two or more substances react to form a single new substance
question
decomposition reaction
answer
_____ ______ is a chemical change in which a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler products
question
Lines
answer
A Covalent bond is typical shown using ____
question
Electronegativity
answer
The ability of an atom to attract electrons is referred to as ______
question
Flourine
answer
What is the most electronegative element?
question
Hydrogen Chloride
answer
What's is HCL?
question
Symmetrical
answer
Molecules that share electrons evenly are ______
question
Resultant components
answer
Reactants are the initial components and products are the _____ _____
question
Reactants, reaction
answer
Arrows separate _______ from products and specific direction of ______
question
Coefficient
answer
________ specify the relative amount of components
question
Chemical equation
answer
A _____ _____ gives formulas and relative amounts of all substances
question
+
answer
The _ symbol separates two reactants or two products
question
yields; products
answer
The → or "____" symbol separates reactants from _____
question
Reversible Reactions
answer
The ⇋ is used for ____ _____
