Chapter 11 Attraction and Intimacy – Flashcards
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Rosalinda, who is attractive, very intelligent, and high in social status, marries Jorge, who is also attractive, very intelligent, and high in social status. Their relationship is best understood as an example of Select one: a. the ingratiation effect. b. complementarity. c. the mere-exposure effect. d. the matching phenomenon.
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d. the matching phenomenon.
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The two-factor theory of emotion suggests that passionate love can be increased by Select one: a. mere exposure. b. the matching phenomenon. c. secure attachment. d. physical arousal.
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d. physical arousal.
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Which statement is NOT true? Select one: a. Liking is usually mutual. b. Proximity influences initial attraction. c. Similarity influences long-term attraction. d. Attractiveness doesn't influence initial attraction.
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d. Attractiveness doesn't influence initial attraction.
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Roszell and her colleagues (1990) found that in a national sample of Canadians, those that others rated as more attractive earned, on average Select one: a. around $100 less annually. b. around $100 more annually. Incorrect c. around $2000 less annually. d. around $2000 more annually.
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d. around $2000 more annually.
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Mary, a talkative, extraverted young woman, is strongly attracted to Shane, a quiet, introverted, middle-aged man. Mary's attraction to Shane would be predicted by the Select one: a. exchange theory. b. matching phenomenon. c. equity principle. d. complementarity hypothesis
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d. complementarity hypothesis
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Which is NOT one of the three ways people cope with a failing relationship, according to Rusbult and her colleagues? Select one: a. loyalty, awaiting improvement b. neglect, ignoring the partner Incorrect c. voice, seeking to improve the relationship d. denial, denying the problem exists
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d. denial, denying the problem exists
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Which adult attachment style is marked by individuals being less invested in relationships and more likely to engage in one-night stands? Select one: a. secure b. insecure c. preoccupied d. dismissive
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d. dismissive
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When benefits are proportional to contributions in a relationship, Select one: a. equality exists. b. mutuality exists. c. equity exists. d. companionate love exists.
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a. equality exists.
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Research by Aronson and Linder (1965) suggested that more often than not, we like people more if they Select one: a. consistently evaluate us positively. b. reverse an earlier criticism and come to evaluate us positively. c. consistently give us ingratiating feedback. d. consistently give us constructive criticism.
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b. reverse an earlier criticism and come to evaluate us positively.
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The tendency for one person's intimacy of self-disclosure to match that of a conversational partner is referred to as Select one: a. the matching phenomenon. b. disclosure reciprocity. c. reciprocal exchange. d. mutual self-revelation.
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b. disclosure reciprocity.
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According to the text, which characteristic is NOT true of people who usually stay married? Select one: a. They married after age 20. b. They are well and similarly educated. c. They cohabited or became pregnant before marriage. d. They live in a small town.
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c. They cohabited or became pregnant before marriage.
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Anticipatory liking—expecting that someone will be pleasant and compatible—increases the chance of Select one: a. becoming involved in an inequitable relationship. b. a dysfunctional, co-dependent relationship. c. being exploited in the early stages of a relationship. d. forming a rewarding relationship
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d. forming a rewarding relationship
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Kenrick and his colleagues (1989) found that to men who have recently been viewing a television show featuring three beautiful women, average women seem _______ attractive, confirming the _______. Select one: a. more; contrast effect b. more; mere exposure effect c. less; contrast effect d. less; mere exposure effect no
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c. less; contrast effect
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Gangestad and his colleagues (2004) found that during ovulation, women show a heightened preference for men with Select one: a. feminine features. b. masculine features. c. a nice smile. d. long hair.
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b. masculine features.
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After learning about a former co-worker who recently passed away due to cancer, you call a loved one. This is an example of how reminders of death Select one: a. make us depressed. b. encourage solitude. c. heighten our need to belong. d. cause social tension.
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c. heighten our need to belong.
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Kalick (1977) had Harvard students indicate their impressions of eight women, judging from photos taken before or after cosmetic surgery, and found that Select one: a. pre-surgery women were judged to be more genuine, honest, and appealing. Incorrect b. post-surgery women were judged to be kinder and more likable. c. pre-surgery women were judged to be more intelligent and competent. d. post-surgery women were judged to be more independent and insensitive.
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b. post-surgery women were judged to be kinder and more likable.
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In research conducted at the University of Warsaw, Lewicki (1985) asked students to choose which person in two photographs looked friendlier. Lewicki found that their choices were almost always influenced by whether or not the photographs Select one: a. were of men or women. b. looked like their own friends. c. were in color or black-and-white. Incorrect d. reminded them of friendly or unfriendly experimenters.
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d. reminded them of friendly or unfriendly experimenters.
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Each year Canada and the United States record _____ divorce/s for every _____ marriage/s. Select one: a. 1; 2 b. 2; 1 c. 3; 1 d. 2; 2
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a. 1; 2
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According to the two-factor theory of emotion, being aroused by _______ should intensify passionate feelings. Select one: a. pornography on video or in magazines b. sight and smell c. any source d. exercise
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c. any source
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The affection we feel for those with whom our lives are deeply intertwined is called Select one: a. companionate love. b. romantic love. c. secure attachment. d. committed friendship.
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a. companionate love.
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Baumeister and others (2001) sum up research by noting in everyday life, _____ events have stronger and more lasting consequences than _____ events. Select one: a. good; bad b. bad; good c. fun; sad d. sad; fun
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b. bad; good
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Which of the following best expresses the meaning of the physical attractiveness stereotype? Select one: a. What is beautiful is good. b. What is beautiful is unpredictable. c. What is beautiful is superficial. d. What is beautiful is untouchable
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a. What is beautiful is good.
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Even when people have no strong feelings about a product or a candidate, _______ can increase sales or votes. Select one: a. proximity b. familiarity c. repetition d. appearance
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c. repetition
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The relationship between mimicry and rapport is Select one: a. positive. b. negative. c. neutral. d. curvilinear.
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a. positive.
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Research has shown that we guess _______ people are happier, sexually warmer, more outgoing, and successful. Select one: a. friendly b. beautiful c. intelligent d. funny
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b. beautiful
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One factor that will increase the likelihood that a friendship between two people will develop is Select one: a. the degree to which their interests complement each other. b. how often their paths cross. c. avoiding repetitious exposure. d. gender.
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b. how often their paths cross.
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Research on proximity and social attraction generally supports the view that Select one: a. familiarity breeds contempt. b. familiarity leads to liking. c. proximity leads to affection and animosity with equal frequency. d. distance makes the heart grow fonder.
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b. familiarity leads to liking.
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The fact that people prefer letters appearing in their own name illustrates the Select one: a. belongingness effect. b. proximity effect. c. mere exposure effect. d. matching effect.
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c. mere exposure effect.
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A stranger rides the same bus you do to school every day. According to the mere exposure effect, as the days pass you will come to view the stranger Select one: a. merely as another student. b. more unfavorably. c. more critically. d. more favorably.
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d. more favorably.
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Hatfield and her colleagues (1966) matched University of Minnesota freshmen for a Welcome Week dance. When the students were asked to evaluate their dates, what determined whether they liked each other? Select one: a. similarity of values b. similarity of academic competence c. physical attractiveness d. common family background
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c. physical attractiveness
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A motivation to bond with others in relationships that provide ongoing, positive interactions is the definition of Select one: a. association anxiety. b. the need for attachment. c. the need to belong. d. affiliative predisposition.
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c. the need to belong.
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You feel obligated to vote in the next election, especially because you are usually the first one to complain about the incumbent president. However, you have not had the time to research the positions taken by the candidates. Social psychologists would confidently predict that you are likely to choose the candidate Select one: a. whom you find physically attractive. b. whose name you have heard most often. c. who resembles someone you know. d. who resembles someone you like.
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b. whose name you have heard most often.
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Seven in ten infants exhibit _______ attachment. Select one: a. avoidant b. anxious-ambivalent c. secure d. insecure
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c. secure
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According to the _______ hypothesis, people are attracted to those whose needs are different in ways that complete each other. Select one: a. accentuation b. matching c. complementarity d. reciprocity
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c. complementarity
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According to Elliot Aronson, "as a relationship ripens toward greater intimacy, what becomes increasingly important is ___________." Select one: a. the absence of conflict b. consistent praise c. autonomy d. authenticity
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d. authenticity
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Individualistic cultures have _______ divorce rates than communal cultures. Select one: a. higher b. slightly lower Incorrect c. the same amount of d. significantly lower
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a. higher
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John Gottman (1994,1998) noted that healthy marriages were NOT marked by Select one: a. more affection than criticism. b. a lack of conflict. c. an ability to reconcile differences. d. more compliments than criticisms.
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b. a lack of conflict.
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Studies on computer composites of faces show that Select one: a. perfectly average is quite attractive. b. perfectly average is quite unattractive. c. modest caricatures of attractive features are quite unattractive. d. symmetry is unimportant.
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a. perfectly average is quite attractive.
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In terms of adult attachment styles, _______ individuals seem to be possessive and jealous, while _______ individuals are less invested in relationships and more likely to leave them. Select one: a. secure; insecure b. preoccupied; dismissive c. avoidant; preoccupied d. insecure; apathetic
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b. preoccupied; dismissive
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According to research conclusions reached by Singh and his colleagues (2000), which of the following is TRUE? Select one: a. Dissimilar attitudes depress liking more than similar attitudes enhance liking. b. Similar attitudes depress liking more than dissimilar attitudes enhance liking. c. Dissimilar and similar attitudes are equally powerful. d. Attitudes have little effect on liking.
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a. Dissimilar attitudes depress liking more than similar attitudes enhance liking. C
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Spouses are more likely than random paired people to share common attitudes, beliefs, and values. The _____ the similarity the _____ they are. Select one: a. greater; happier b. greater; longer married c. greater; more chance for divorce d. lesser; happier
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a. greater; happier
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Hatfield gave university women evaluations, affirming the self-esteem of some and wounding others with negative evaluations. Each participant was then asked to evaluate a man who had earlier asked her for a date. Women whose evaluations had been _______ expressed _______ the man. Select one: a. positive; more liking of b. negative; more liking of c. positive; more hostility towards d. negative; more hostility towards
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b. negative; more liking of
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When volunteers in a research experiment spent time with strangers in self-disclosing conversations, they felt Select one: a. discomfort with their partners. b. self-conscious with their partners. c. relaxed with their partners. d. remarkably close to their partners.
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d. remarkably close to their partners.
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In a survey of college-age individuals, Buston and Emlen (2003) reported that the desire for _______ mates far outweighed the desire for _______ mates. Select one: a. intelligent; beautiful b. beautiful; intelligent c. similar; beautiful d. beautiful; similar
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c. similar; beautiful
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Schafer and Keith (1980) conducted surveys of several hundred married couples and found that spouses who perceived inequity in their marriage felt more Select one: a. distressed and depressed. b. hostility. c. altruistic satisfaction. d. motivated to work on the marriage.
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a. distressed and depressed.
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When unacquainted male-female pairs gazed intently for two minutes into each other's eyes for a research project, what was the result? Select one: a. They felt embarrassed. b. They felt unattracted to each other. c. They felt attraction and affection. d. They felt nothing.
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c. They felt attraction and affection.
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Research suggests that randomly assigned college roommates Select one: a. will most likely become friends. b. will likely be unhappy about the assignment and come to dislike each other. c. are as likely to become enemies as they are to become friends. d. will show initial attraction that fades over time.
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a. will most likely become friends.
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The tendency for one person's intimacy of self-disclosure to match that of a conversational partner is referred to as Select one: a. the matching phenomenon. b. disclosure reciprocity. Correct c. reciprocal exchange. d. mutual self-revelation.
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B. Disclosure reciprocity
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Williams and his colleagues (2001) found that when ostracized during an online Frisbee-like game, players were _______ to conform to others' wrong judgments on a subsequent perceptual task. Select one: a. less likely b. more likely c. somewhat likely Correct d. not likely
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C. Somewhat likely
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Those involved in relationships marked by long-term equity Select one: a. depend on tit-for-tat exchanges. b. are unconcerned with short-term equity. Correct c. make sure they reciprocate favors as soon as possible. d. give more than they get.
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B. Are unconcerned with short term equity
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Social ostracism evokes a brain response similar to that triggered by Select one: a. pressure. b. physical pain. Correct c. sadness. d. anxiety.
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B. Physical pain
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Paula has just arrived as a new student on campus and does not know anyone. All else being equal, is she most likely to become friends with Joni who lives next door, with Kristy who lives two doors down, with Beth who lives three doors down, or with Heidi who lives in the room directly above hers? Select one: a. Joni Correct b. Kristy c. Beth d. Heidi
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A. Joni
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Jen is more in love with Stan today than the day she married him. According to research on the relationship between love and perceived attractiveness, Select one: a. Jen probably finds Stan to be more attractive today than the day she married him. Correct b. Jen probably finds Stan to be less attractive today than the day she married him. c. Stan probably finds Jen less attractive today than the day he married her. d. Stan and Jen probably see each other as equally attractive.
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A
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In comparison to women, men fall in love more _______ and out of love more _______. Select one: a. readily; readily b. slowly; slowly c. readily; slowly Correct d. slowly; readily
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C. Readily; slowly
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_____ rank attractiveness as important in a mate, while _____ assign importance to honesty, humor, and dependability. Select one: a. Men; women Correct b. Women; men c. Both men and women; they both d. Neither men or women; neither
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A. Men; women
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Physically attractive people tend to be all of the following EXCEPT Select one: a. more popular. b. more humorous. Correct c. more outgoing. d. more gender-typed.
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B. More humorous
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"Negative information carries more weight because being less usual, it grabs more attention." This statement is an example of the Select one: a. good is stronger than bad principle. b. cognitive miser principle. c. bad is stronger than good principle. Correct d. equity principle.
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C
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At a party, Ellie meets Rob and Blake. The three get involved in a philosophical discussion that lasts through the evening. By the end of the evening, Ellie has discovered that she and Blake see things eye-to-eye, whereas she and Rob see things differently. All else being equal, Ellie will probably like Select one: a. Rob better. b. Blake better. Correct c. Rob and Blake equally. d. neither Rob nor Blake.
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B. Blake
