question

blood brain barrier

answer

blood vessels (capillaries) that selectively let certain substances enter brain tissue and keep other out

question

Astrocyte

answer

type of glial (neuroglial) cell that transports water and salts fro capillaries

question

Cauda equina

answer

collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord

question

Acetylcholine

answer

Neurotransmitter chemical released at the ends of nerve cells

question

Axon

answer

microscopic fiber that carries the nervous impulse along a nerve cell

question

Afferent Nerve

answer

carries messages toward the brain and spinal cord from receptors

question

Brainstem

answer

lower portion of the brain that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord

question

Cell body

answer

part of a nerve cell that contains the nucleus

question

Arachnoid Membrane

answer

middle layer of meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord

question

Autonomic Nervous System

answer

contains nerves that control involuntary body functions or muscles, glands, and internal organs

question

Efferent Nerve

answer

Motor nerve that carries messages away from the brain and spinal cord

question

Cerebrum

answer

largest part of the brain

question

Central nervous system

answer

includes the brain and spinal cord

question

Dendrite

answer

microscopic branching fiber of a nerve cell that is the first to receive a nervous impulse

question

Cerebellum

answer

posterior part of the brain; coordinates muscle movements and maintains balance

question

Ependymal Cell

answer

Glial (neuroglial) cell that lines membranes within the brain and spinal cord; helps form cerebrospinal fluid

question

Cerebral cortex

answer

outer region of the cerebrum; contains sheets of nerves

question

cerebrospinal fluid

answer

circulates throughout the brain and spinal cord

question

dura mater

answer

thick, outermost layer of the meninges

question

cranial nerves

answer

twelve pairs of nerves that carry messages to and from the brain

question

Hypothalamus

answer

portion of the brain that controls sleep, appetite, body temperature, and secretions from the pituitary gland

question

myelin sheath

answer

white, fatty tissue that surrounds and insulates the axon of a nerve cell

question

Glial cell

answer

supportive and connective type of nerve cell; does not carry nervous impulses

question

Meninges

answer

membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord

question

gyrus

answer

sheet of nerve cells that produces a rounded fold on the surface of the brain

question

neuron

answer

nerve cell that carries impulses throughout the body

question

ganglion

answer

collection of nerve cell bodies in the PNS

question

medulla oblongata

answer

portion of the brain just above the spinal cord; controls breathing, heartbeat, and size of blood vessels

question

motor nerve

answer

carries messages away from the brain and spinal cord; efferent nerve

question

nerve

answer

macroscopic cordlike collection of fibers that carry electrical impulses

question

Pons

answer

part of the brain anterior to the cerebellum and between the medulla and rest of the midbrain

question

Neurotransmitter

answer

chemical messenger, released at the end of a nerve cell

question

parenchyma

answer

essential, distinguishing tissue of an organ or system

question

pia mater

answer

thin, delicate inner membrane of the meninges

question

receptor

answer

organ that receives a nervous stimulation and passes it on to afferent nerves

question

microglial cell

answer

Phagocytic glial cell

question

plexus

answer

Large, interlacing network of nervous

question

peripheral nervous system

answer

nerves outside the brain and spinal cord including cranial and spinal nerves

question

parasympathetic nerves

answer

involuntary, autonomic nerves that regulate normal body functions such heart rate, breathing, and gastrointestinal muscles

question

oligodendroglial cell

answer

glial cell that forms the myelin sheath covering axon

question

Sulcus

answer

depression or groove in the surface od the cerebral cortex

question

stroma

answer

connective and supporting tissue of an organ; glial cells of the brain

question

Vagus nerve

answer

tenth cranial nerve

question

sensory nerve

answer

carries messages toward the brain and spinal cord; afferent nerve

question

thalamus

answer

main relay center of the brain

question

sympathetic nerves

answer

autonomic nerves that influence bodily functions involuntarily in times of stress

question

sciatic nerve

answer

spinal nerve extending from the base of the spine down the thigh, lower leg, and foot

question

stimulus

answer

agent of change (light, sound, touch) that evokes a response

question

synapse

answer

space through which a nervous impulse travels between nerve cells or between nerve and muscles or glandular cells

question

ventricles of the brain

answer

canals in the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid

question

encephaloitis

answer

inflammation of the brain

question

Subdural hematoma

answer

collection of blood located below the dura mater

question

cerebellar

answer

pertaining to the cerebellum

question

cerebral cortex

answer

pertaining to the outer section of the cerebrum

question

epidural hematoma

answer

collection of blood located above the dura mater

question

encephalopathy

answer

disease of the brain

question

anencephaly

answer

congenital absence of a brain

question

leptomeningeal

answer

pertaining to the pia and arachnoid membranes

question

meningioma

answer

tumor of the membranes around the brain and spinal cord

question

Myelogram

answer

disease of the spinal cord

question

neuropathy

answer

disease of nerves

question

glioblastoma

answer

malignant tumor of immature glial cells

question

myoneural

answer

pertaining to muscles and nerves

question

myelomeningocele

answer

hernia of the spinal cord and meninges

question

polyneuritis

answer

inflammation of many nerves

question

radiculitis

answer

inflammation of a nerve root

question

poliomyelitis

answer

inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord

question

cerebellopontine

answer

pertaining ti the cerebellum and the pons

question

radiculopathy

answer

disease of a nerve root

question

causalgia

answer

intense burning sensation

question

vagal

answer

pertaining to the tenth cranial nerve

question

anesthesic

answer

condition of lack of sensation

question

comatose

answer

pertaining to a state of unconscious

question

intrathecal

answer

drugs are delivered into a space within the meninges

question

thalamic

answer

pertaining to an area of brain that is a relay station for nerve impulses

question

Hyperesthesia

answer

condition of increased sensation

question

paraesthesia

answer

abnormal sensation

question

analgesia

answer

condition of lack of sensitivity to pain

question

hyperalgesia

answer

diminished sensation to pain

question

bradykinesia

answer

slow movement

question

tardivedyskinesia

answer

abnormal movement occurring late in treatment

question

trigeminalneuralgia

answer

nerve pain related to the 5th cranial nerve

question

akinesia

answer

pertaining to without movement

question

cephalalgia

answer

headache

question

Hyperkinesis

answer

excessive movement

question

narcolepsy

answer

compulsion (seizure) to sleep

question

dysaphasia

answer

reading, writing, and learning disorders

question

hemiparesis

answer

weakness in the right or left side (half) of the body

question

aphasia

answer

inability to speak

question

quadriplegia

answer

paralysis of the lower portion of the body

question

syncopal

answer

pertaining to fainting

question

ataxia

answer

lack of coordination

question

apraxia

answer

movements and behavior are not purposeful (actions are not appropriate)

question

hemiplegia

answer

paralysis of one side of the body

question

neurasthenia

answer

nervous exhaustion and fatigue

question

paraplegia

answer

paralysis of all four extremities

question

Epilepsy

answer

Chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity

question

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

answer

Degenerative disorder of neurons in the spinal cord and brain stem

question

Multiple sclerosis

answer

Destruction of myelin sheath on neurons in the CNS; replacement by plaques of sclerotic

question

Huntington disease

answer

Hereditary disorder marked by degenerative changes in the cerebrum leading to abrupt involuntary movements and mental deterioration

question

Spina bifida

answer

Congenital defect in the lumbar spinal column caused by imperfect Union of vertebrae; may involve myelomeningocele

question

Hydrocephalus

answer

Abnormal accumulation of CSF in the ventricles of the brain

question

Alzheimer's disease

answer

Brain disorder marked by gradual, progressive mental deterioration; personality changes; and impairment of daily functioning

question

Myasthenia gravis

answer

Autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles

question

Parkinson's disease

answer

Degeneration of neurons in the basal ganglia; occurring later in life and leading to tremors, muscle weakness, and slowness of movement

question

Palsy

answer

Paralysis (partial or complete loss of motor function)

question

Dementia

answer

mental decline and deterioration

question

Herpes zoster

answer

viral infection affecting peripheral nerves; marked by eruption of painful blisters

question

Tourette syndrome

answer

involuntary, spasmodic, twitching movements; uncontrollable vocal sounds

question

Migraine

answer

severe, recurrent, unilateral, vascular headache

question

Cerebrovascular accident

answer

disruption in normal blood supply to the brain; stroke

question

Cerebral contusion

answer

bruising of brain tissue as a result of direct trauma to the head

question

Brain tumor

answer

abnormal growth of brain tissue (glial cells) and meninges

question

Meningitis

answer

inflammation of the membranes around the brain and spinal cord

question

Cerebral contusion

answer

traumatic brain injury caused by a blow to the head; no evidence of structural damage to brain tissue

question

HIV encephalopathy

answer

brain disease occurring with AIDS

question

Aura

answer

peculiar sensation that occurs before the onset, as the convulsion of an epileptic seizure

question

Gait

answer

Manner of walking

question

Palliative

answer

Relieving symptoms, but not curing the illness

question

Tonic-clonic seizure

answer

Major convulsive seizure marked by sudden loss of consciousness, stiffening of muscles, and twitching and jerking movements

question

Aneurysm

answer

Enlarged,weakened area in an artery

question

Tic

answer

involuntary movement of a small group of muscles, as of the face; characteristic of tourette syndrome

question

Ictal event

answer

pertaining to a sudden, acute onset as of the convulsions of an epileptic seizure

question

Dopamine

answer

neurotransmitter that is deficient in patients with parkinson disease

question

Embolus

answer

clot of material that travels through the bloodstream and suddenly blocks a vessel

question

Astrocytoma

answer

malignant tumor of a type of neuroglial cells in the brain

question

Absence seizure

answer

minor form of seizure

question

Demyelination

answer

destruction of the covering on axons of neurons in CNS

question

Thymectomy

answer

removal of a gland in the mediastinum (treatment for myasthenia gravis)

question

Occlusion

answer

blockage of blood vessel

question

LP

answer

cerebrospinal fluid is withdrawn from between two lumbar vertebrae

question

MRI of the brain and spinal cord

answer

Magnetic waves and radio wave energy create images (of brain and spinal cord) in three planes

question

CSF analysis

answer

Samples of cerebrospinal fluid are examined

question

Myelography

answer

X-ray imaging of the spinal cord after injection of contrast material within the subarachnoid space

question

PET scan of the brain

answer

radioactive glucose is injected and detected in the brain to image the metabolic activity of cells

question

Cerebral angiography

answer

X-ray imaging of arterial blood vessels in the brain after injection of contrast material

question

Doppler/Ultrasound studies

answer

sound waves detect blood flow in the carotid and intracranial arteries

question

CT of brain and spinal cord

answer

x-ray technique that produces computerized multiple (especially cross-sectional) images of the brain and spinal cord

question

Stereotactic radiosurgery

answer

use of specialized instrument (gamma knife) to locate and treat targets in the brain

question

EEG

answer

recording of the electrical activity of the brain

question

Part of the brain responsible for coordinating muscle movements and maintaining balance:

answer

Cerebellum

question

Pertaining to muscles and nerves:

answer

Myoneural

question

Neurotransmitter:

answer

Acetylcholine

question

Part of the nerve cell that first receives the nervous impulse is the:

answer

Dendrite

question

Elevated portions of the cerebral cortex are called:

answer

Gyri

question

Burning sensation of pain:

answer

Causalgia

question

A network of interlacing nerve fibers in the peripheral nervous system:

answer

Plexus

question

Portion of the brain that controls the pituitary gland, water balance, and body temperature:

answer

Hypothalamus

question

Glial cells:

answer

Astrocytes

question

Space between nerve cells is called the:

answer

Synapse

question

Part of the brain that controls breathing, heartbeat, and the size of blood vessels:

answer

Medulla oblongata

question

Inability to speak:

answer

Aphasia

question

Collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord:

answer

Cauda Equina

question

Disease of the spinal cord:

answer

Myelopathy

question

Collection of blood within the meningeal layers:

answer

Subdural hematoma

question

Abnormal sensation of tingling or prickling:

answer

Paresthesia

question

Inflammation of a spinal nerve root:

answer

radiculitis

question

A highly malignant brain tumor:

answer

Glioblastoma

question

Paralysis of four extremities:

answer

Quadriplegia

question

Cerebral aneurysm, thrombosis, or hemorrhage can be the cause of:

answer

Cerebrovascular accident

question

Fainting:

answer

Syncope

question

Spina bifida is associated with:

answer

Myelomeningocele

question

Parkinson disease is a characterized by:

answer

Shuffling gait

question

Disorder of reading,writing, and learning is:

answer

Dyslexia

question

Condition of no nervous sensation:

answer

Anesthesia

Chapter 10 – Nervous System – Flashcards

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