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Constitutional Monarchy

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A system of government in which the monarch serves as the head of state, but Parliament holds the real power

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Suffrage

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the right to vote

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Reform Bill of 1832

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In Britain, this law eased the property requirements so that well to do men in the middle class could vote, and also modernized the districts for electing members of Parliament

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Chartist movement

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in 19th century Britain, members of the working class demanded reforms in Parliament and in elections, including suffrage for all men

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Queen Victoria

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the British Empire reached the height of its wealth and power under her reign

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Third Republic

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the republic that was established in France after the downfall of Napoleon III and ended with the German occupation of France during World War 2

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Dreyfus affair

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a controversy in France in the 1890s centering on the trial and imprisonment of a Jewish army officer, Captain Alfred Dreyfus who had been falsely accused of selling military secrets

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anti-Semitism

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prejudice against Jews

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Zionism

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a movement founded in the 1890s to promote the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine

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dominion

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in the British empire, a nation (such as Canada) allowed to govern its own domestic affairs

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Maori

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a member of a Polynesian people who settled in New Zealand around A.D. 800

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Aborigine

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a member of any of the native peoples of Australia

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penal colony

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a colony in which convicts are sent as an alternative to prison

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home rule

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a control over internal matters granted to the residents of a region by ruling a government

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manifest destiny

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the idea, popular among mid-19th-century Americans, that it was the right and the duty of the U.S to rule North America from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean

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Louisiana Purchase

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purchase of all the land between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains by the United Sates from France in 1803 for $15 million dollars

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Adams-Onis Treaty

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in 1819, the U.S. gained all Spanish land east of the Mississippi River, Spain gave up any claims to the Oregon country, and the U.s gave up its claim to Texas

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Indian Removal Act

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law passed in 1830 that provided money to move Indian groups out of the southeastern U.S. to western reservations

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Lone Star Republic

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name given to the Independent Republic of Texas after its successful revolution against Mexico

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Oregon country

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A compromise treaty was signed in 1846 to prevent war and established the 49th parallel as the dividing line between British and U.S. territories

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Mexican cession

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the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo established a sale of vast Mexican territories to to the United States including California and territory in the southwest at the conclusion of the Mexican War

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Gadsden Purchase

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Land purchase along the southern borders of New Mexico and Arizona by the U.S. from Mexico in 1853 to allow for the construction of the Southern Pacific Railroad

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Abraham Lincoln

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the 16th U.S. President (1861-1865). His election sparked the the succession of South Carolina and the formation of the Confederate States of America

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U.S. Civil War

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a conflict between Northern and Southern states of the united States over the issues of slavery, lasting from 1861 to 1865

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Emancipation Proclamation

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a declaration issued by U.S. president Abraham Lincoln in 1863, stating that all slaves in the Confederate states were free

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Segregation

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the legal or social separation of people of different races

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Thomas Edison

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U.S. inventor of the photograph and incandescent light bulb

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Alexander Graham Bell

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Inventor of the telephone

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Guglielmo Marconi

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Italian inventor of the first radio in 1895

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Assembly line

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in a factory, an arrangement in which a product in moved from worker to worker, with each person performing a single task in its manufacture

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Wilbur and Orville Wright

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U.S. bicycle mechanics that completed the first successful man-made flight at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina in 1903

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Mass culture

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the production of works of art and entertainment designed to appeal to a large audience

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Olympic games

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the revival in 1896 at Athens, Greece of the ancient Greek traditions of holding an athletic competition among countries every four years

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Louis Pasteur

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French Chemist who learned heat killed bacteria, leading to a process called pasteurization to kill germs in liquids such as milk

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Theory of Evolution

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the idea, proposed by Charles Darwin in 1859, that species of plants and animals arise by means of a process of natural selection ( totally false)

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Dmitri Mendeleev

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Russian chemist who organized a chart called the Periodic Table on which all known chemical elements were arranged in order of weight, from the lightest to the heaviest

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radioactivity

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a form of energy released as atoms decay

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psychology

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the study of the human mind and human behavior

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secede

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to withdraw formally from an association or alliance

Chapter 10 Modern World History – Flashcards

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