Chapter 10 Health Vocab words – Flashcards
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nutrition
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the process by which your body takes in and uses food
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nutrients
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substances in food that your body needs to grow, to repair itself, and to supply you with energy
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calorie
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a unit of heat used to measure the energy your body uses and the energy it receives from food
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hunger
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the natural physical drive to eat, prompted by the body's need for food
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appetite
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the psychological desire for food
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carbohydrates
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starches and sugars found in foods, which provide your body's main source of energy
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fiber
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a tough complex carbohydrate that the body cannot digest
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proteins
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nutrients the body uses to build and maintain its cells and tissues
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cholesterol
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a waxy, fatlike substance- in your blood
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vitamins
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compounds found in food that help regulate many body processes
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minerals
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elements found in food that are used by the body
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osteoporosis
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a condition in which the bones become fragile and break easily
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Dietary Guidelines for Americans
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a set of recommendations about smart eating and physical activity for all Americans
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MyPyramid
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an interactive guide to healthful eating and active living
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nutrient-dense
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a high ratio of nutrients to calories
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food additives
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substances added to produce a desired effect
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foodborne illness
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food poisoning
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Pasteurization
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treating a substance with heat to kill or slow the growth of pathogens
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cross-contamination
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the spreading of pathogens from one food to another
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food allergy
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a condition in which the body's immune system reacts to substances in some foods
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food intolerance
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a negative reaction to food that doesn't involve the immune system (more common than a food allergy)
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Name three health problems that good nutrition can help you avoid
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Any three: unhealthful weight gain, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke, certain cancers, osteoporosis
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What is the difference between hunger and appetite?
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Hunger is the physical drive to eat when the body needs food. Appetite is the psychological desire for food, not based on physical need.
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Identify two emotions that influence eating when someone isn't hungry.
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Any two emotions, such as those mentioned in the text (e.g., stress, loneliness, boredom)
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Emily can't resist home-made chocolate chip cookies. What is influencing her behavior?Is this influence healthy?
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Emily's eating is being influenced by appetite. It is not healthy because her body does not need the food and eating too much could lead to unhealthful weight gain.
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Which nutrients can your body use as sources of energy?
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Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
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What are essential amino acids? From what source do you obtain essential amino acids?
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They are called essential because the body must get them from food.
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How does eating calcium-rich foods as a teen protect your lifelong health?
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Calcium builds up bone mass and reduces your risk of osteoporosis.
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Explain how saturated fats and trans fats may cause illnesses later in life, like heart disease.
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Saturated fats and trans fats promote an increased level of blood cholesterol, which builds up on the walls of arteries and interferes with circulation. This can increase your risk of heart disease.
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What are the health benefits of eating a variety of fruits and vegetables?
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Fruits and vegetables are good sources of fiber.
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What are the five basic food groups?
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Grains, vegetables, fruits, milk, and meat and beans
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What kinds of foods are best to avoid or limit?
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Foods high in fats (especially saturated fats and trans fats), salt, and added sugars
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Provide two examples of nutrient- dense foods.
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Low-fat milk, steamed vegetables
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The Dietary Guidelines recommend regular physical activity. Why is this recommendation made?
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To maintain a healthy weight, you need to balance the energy in the foods you eat with regular physical activity.
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What does the term light mean when used on a food label?
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The food contains one-third fewer calories, one-half the fat, or one-half the sodium of the original version.
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What is the difference between a sell by date and a use by date?
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A sell by date is the last day on which a store should sell a product. A use by date is the last day on which a product's quality can be guaranteed.
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What is another term that refers to foodborne illness?
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Food poisoning
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An instant soup is very low in fat and calories but high in sodium. Can this food be labeled "healthy"? Explain why or why not.
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No, because foods labeled "healthy" must contain limited amounts of sodium.
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What are the possible consequences of undercooked eggs?
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You might develop a foodborne illness from pathogens in the eggs.
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The process by which your body takes in and uses food is called __________.
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nutrition
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Your body relies on food to provide it with the __________ it needs to grow, to repair itself, and to supply you with energy.
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nutrients
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A __________ is a unit of heat used to measure the energy your body uses and the energy it receives from food.
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calorie
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Which of the following is not a way that choosing healthful foods affects your total health and wellness? a. It gives your body the nutrients it needs for growth and development. b. It helps you avoid unhealthful weight gain. c. It provides fuel for sports and other activities. d. It ensures that you will never get sick.
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d
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Preferring certain foods because you've grown up eating them is an example of the influence of a. family. b. friends. c. money. d. advertising.
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a
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Why is emotional eating harmful?
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It can lead to unhealthful weight gain.
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How might the food choices of a high-powered business executive with a busy schedule differ from those of a part- time worker?
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The business executive might choose more expensive foods that are quick to prepare, such as convenience foods. The part-time worker might choose foods that take longer to prepare but are less expensive.
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Your body's main source of energy is carbohydrates/proteins.
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carbohydrates
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Consuming saturated fats and trans fats can increase the levels of fiber/cholesterol in your blood.
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cholesterol
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Vitamins/minerals are elements found in food that are used by the body.
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Minerals
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Which of the following is not one of the six basic nutrients? a. Carbohydrates b. Fiber c. Protein d. Vitamins
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b
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Your body uses carbohydrates by breaking them down into a. sugars. b. amino acids. c. fatty acids. d. water.
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a
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About what percentage of your daily calories should come from fat? a. 10 to 15 percent b. Less than 25 to 35 percent c. At least 30 percent d. 50 to 65 percent
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b
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How does fiber benefit your body?
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It helps move waste through your digestive system, helps promote fullness, prevents overeating, and may reduce the risk of heart disease and type 2 diabetes.
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Why is it dangerous to consume too much of a fat-soluble vitamin?
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Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in body fat, where they can build up to toxic levels.
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Why does your body need more water when you are very active?
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To replace what you lose through sweat
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The __________ contain recommendations about smart eating and physical activity for all healthy Americans.
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Dietary Guidelines for Americans
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An interactive guide to healthy eating and active living is the __________.
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MyPyramid
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Foods that are __________ have a high ratio of nutrients to calories.
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nutrient dense
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Which food group band in MyPyramid is largest? a. Grains b. Fruits c. Milk d. Meat and beans
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a
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The Dietary Guidelines recommend that teens be physically active for a. 20 minutes, three or more times a week. b. 30 minutes a day. c. 50 minutes, five or more times a week. d. 60 minutes a day.
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d
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Which method of preparation tends to make food high in fat? a. Baking b. Broiling c. Frying d. Grilling
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c
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How can people who don't eat dairy products get enough calcium every day?
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By choosing calcium-fortified foods and beverages
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Why is it important to include nutrient-dense foods in your daily eating?
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With nutrient-dense foods, you can get all the nutrients you need without eating more than the recommended number of calories.
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Give two examples of healthful snacks.
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Fresh fruit, cut-up vegetables, string cheese, unsalted nuts, air-popped popcorn, fat-free yogurt, bread sticks
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__________ may be used to keep a food fresh longer, to boost its nutrient content, or to improve its taste, texture, or appearance.
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Food additives
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____________ means treating a substance with heat to kill or slow the growth of pathogens.
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Pasteurization
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It is important to clean utensils and sur- faces carefully to prevent ______ ______, the spread of pathogens from one food to another.
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cross-contamination
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Which of the following is not listed in the Nutrition Facts panel? a. The number of servings per container b. The number of calories per serving c. The vitamin and mineral content of the food d. The ingredients found in the food
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d
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Regular ice cream contains 7.5 grams of fat per serving. Ice cream that contains only 5 grams of fat per serving could be described as a. light. b. low-fat. c. reduced-fat. d. fat-free.
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c
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Which of the follow- ing is not one of the four basic steps for preventing foodborne illness? a. Clean b. Chop c. Cook d. Chill
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b
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What is the differ- ence between a food that is labeled "low-fat" and one that is labeled "reduced-fat"?
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The low-fat food must have three grams or less of fat per serving. The reduced-fat food only needs to have 25 percent less fat than the original ver- sion of the same food.
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What are the usual symptoms of foodborne illness?
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Cramps, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and fever
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Name two foods that are common sources of allergens.
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Any two: Milk, eggs, peanuts, tree nuts, soybeans, wheat, fish, shellfish
