Chapter 1: The Science of Psychology Answers – Flashcards
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Behaviorism
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The science that focuses on observable behavior only. It must be directly seen and able to be measured.
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Functionalism
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Defined as to how the mind allows people to adapt, live, work, and play.
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Structuralism
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Focused on structure or basic elements of the mind.
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Psychology
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The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
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The Four Goals of Psychology
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Description, Explanation, Prediction, Control
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Theory
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The general explanation of a set of observations.
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Psychoanalysis
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The theory and therapy based on the work of Sigmund Freud
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Humanism
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Emphasized people's ability to become the best person they could be.
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Cognitive
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The perspective that focuses on memory, intelligence, perception, problem solving, and learning.
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Scientific Method
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A system of gathering data so that bias and error in measurement are reduced.
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Hypothesis
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A tentative explanation of phenomenon based on observations.
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Naturalistic Observation
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Watching animals or humans behave in their normal environment without interacting with them in any way
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Survey
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A researcher asks a series of questions about the topic under the study in this method.
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Ethics
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When groups of psychologists or other professionals who look over each proposed research study and judge it according to its safety and consideration for the participants in the study they are interested in this of the study.
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Experimenter
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The tendency of the experimenter's expectations for a study to unintentionally influence the results of the study is called this effect.
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Correlation
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A measure of the relationship between two variables.
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Evolutionary
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The perspective that focuses on the biological bases of universal mental characteristics that all humans share.
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Psychologist
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A professional with an academic degree and specialized training in one or more areas of psychology.
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Bio-physiological
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The perspective that attributes human and animal behavior to biological events occurring in the body, such as genetic influences, hormones, and the activity of the nervous system.
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Experiment
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A deliberate manipulation of a variable to see if corresponding changes in behavior result, allowing the determination of cause-and-effect relationships.
