Chapter 1 Quest – Flashcards
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civilization
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complex culture with five characteristics
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what are the five characteristics of a civilization?
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advanced cities, specialized workers, complex institutions, record keeping, advanced technology
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specialization
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the development of skills in a specific kind of work
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artisan
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skilled worker who made good by hands
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institution
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a long lasting pattern of organization in a community
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scribe
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professional record keeper
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cuneiform
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"wedge-shaped" earlier Sumerian writing consisted of pictographs
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what does the Bronze Age refer to?
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refers to the time when people began to use bronze for tools
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barter
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trading goods and services without money
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ziggurat
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pyramid shaped monument within the temple "mountain of god"
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How did the social structure of village life change as the economy became more complex?
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a more complex and prosperous economy affected the social structure. As other special groups of workers formed so did social classes.
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Discuss the role that irrigation systems played in the development of civilizations?
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The large irrigation system played in the development of civilization by creating jobs and by allowing people to trade more crops.
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What are the key traits of civilization?
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The main traits of civilization are advanced cities, specialized workers, complex institutions, record keeping, and advanced technology.
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How did life in Sumer differ from life in a small farming community of the region?
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Sumer believed that all cities belonged to a god who governed the cities activities. Where as other civilizations have temples and priests.
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Why was writing a key invention for the Sumerians?
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They were able to keep records, keep track of important rituals, and keep track of time. It was the beginning of written history.
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Discuss how the ziggurat of Ur revealed that Sumerians had developed an advanced civilization?
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While the Sumerians had developed an advance in their culture, civilizations were developing else where.
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nomad
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highly mobile people who moved from place to place in search of new food sources
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hunter-gatherers
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namadic groups whose food supply depended on hunting animals and collecting plants
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Neolithic-Revolution
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beginning of farming (aka: agricultural revolution)
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slash and burn farming
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cutting tress and grasses and burned them to create a clearing of land
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domestication
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taming of animals
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Which effect of the development of agriculture was the most significant?
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Change in climate was a part of the development of agriculture. Farming is also a source of agriculture.
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How did the Cro-Magnon's new tools make survival easier?
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They created tools which allowed them to hunt for food at farther distances, pry plants deeper by there root, and create clothes
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Who were the Cro-Magnon people?
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recognized as belonging to our own species
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What kinds of problems did the stone age face?
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Stone age people faced problems such as theater changes or lose of food populations.
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What geographical feature favored the development of agriculture?
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rivers
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What effect did the agricultural revolution have on population growth?
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it increased populations
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artifact
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are human made objects
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examples of artifacts:
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tools and jewlery
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culture
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people's unique way of life
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hominid
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humans and others that walk upright
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Paleolithic Age
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earlier and longer part of the stone age
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Neolithic Age
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the new stone age
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technology
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ways of applying knowledge, tools, and inventions to meet needs
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Homo sapiens (I)
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modern human species
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What was the most significant advance by a hominid group?
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the ability to walk on two legs
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What clues do artifacts give us?
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They give us a structure that allow us to identify how they evolved
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Name the 3 major achievements during the Old Stone Age: (Paleolithic Age)
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-Inventions of tools -Mastery of fire -The development of language
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Neanderthals v.s. Cro-Magonons
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The Neanderthals were powerfully built and had heavily slanted brows, well developed muscles, and thick bones. The Cro-Magnons were different in the fact that they planned there hunts.
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Why was the discovery of fire so important?
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It was used for warmth in cold climates, cooked food, and frightened attacking animals. Also helped settle new land. (slash and burn)
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Why is the prehistoric time called the stone age?
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we lived in caves, cooked on stones, made cutting tools from stones, used stones as weapons and as a heat source around our campfires.
