chapter 1 nutrition practice questions – Flashcards
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Which of the leading causes of death are nutrition related? a. heart disease, stroke, kidney disease b. diabetes and heart disease c. heart disease, cancer, stroke, and diabetes d. heart disease, cancer, and stroke
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c. heart disease, cancer, stroke, and diabetes
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Which of the following are considered to be a characteristic of a nutrient? a. all nutrient provide energy to the body b. all nutrients are composed of inorganic molecules c. all essential nutrients must be provided by dietary sources. d. Over 70% of Americans consume dietary supplements to meet nutrient needs.
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c. all essential nutrient must be provided by dietary sources.
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How many calories are provided by 2 grams of carbohydrates, 4 grams of fat, and 8 grams of protein? a. 56 calories b. 14 calories c. 68 calories d. 76 calories
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d. 76 calories
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which of the following is an example of a nutrient function of carbohydrates? a. principal component of cell membranes b. helps to regulate blood volume c. energy source for cells d. helps to define shape
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c. energy source for cells
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an understanding of the term malnutrition includes: a. that there is no consequence to an individual's overall future health if the occurrence is resolved b. only a decrease in consumption of nutrients c. both an increase and decrease in the consumption of nutrients. d. an association with favorable health outcomes
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c. both an increase or decrease in the consumption of nutrients
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if an individual decides not to eat milk and meat at the same time during a meal, this would be most likely based on: a. personal preference b. cultural/religious values c. social acceptability d. psychological/emotional factors
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b. cultural/religious values
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in order to prevent a researcher from introducing bias during the course of a research experiment it would be best to use an experimental design that includes the placebo. a. true b. false
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b. false
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as long as you obtain nutrition information from an individual who has the title of "nutritionist", it is considered to be reliable and accurate a. true b. false
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b. false
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anecdotal reports are based on scientific evidence a. true b. false
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b. false
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the three classes of energy-yielding nutrients are: a. lipid, carbohydrate, protein b. starch, protein, and lipid c. carbohydrate, lipid, and minerals d. protein, lipid, and water
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a. lipid, carbohydrate, and protein
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The correct names of the sequence of steps in the scientific method are: a. hypothesis, observation, experiments, theory b. theory, observation, experiments, hypothesis c. experiments, theory, hypothesis, and observation d. observation, hypothesis, experiments, theory
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d. observation, hypothesis, experiments, theory
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Which of the following is NOT considered a macronutrient? a. carbohydrate b. fat. c. protein d. vitamins
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d. vitamins
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physiologic processes take place in the body to keep body temperature, heart rate, and blood sugar relatively constant. this stable state is called: a. anabolism b. catabolism c. homeostasis d. metabolism
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c. homeostasis
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which of the following statements about the typical American diet is true? a. intake of whole grains is above the recommended level and less energy is consumed. b. intake of whole grains is low and more energy is consumed than expended. c. intake of fiber is inadequate and intake of fruits and vegetables is less than recommended. d. intake of fiber is low and fruit and vegetables intake is above recommended levels
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b. intake of whole grains is low and more energy is consumed then expended.
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Where do most people in the U.S. get their nutritional information? a. dietitians b. mass media (television, magazines, newspapers) c. physicians d. talk radio
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b. mass media
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The correct sequence of events in the scientific method is a. conduct an experiment, develop a hypothesis, form a theory, and make an observation b. develop a hypothesis, conduct an experiment, make an observation, and form a theory. c. form a theory, conduct the experiment, develop a hypothesis, and make an observation. d. make an observation, develop a hypothesis, conduct the experiment, and form a theory.
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d. make an observation, develop a hypothesis, conduct the experiment, and form a theory
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Approximately 1000 college students were asked to keep a record of what supplemental vitamins they took and how many colds they had over the course of a year. The amount of vitamin C consumed was compared with the students' incidences of colds. This is an example of a(an) a. clinical trial b. epidemiological study c. intervention study d. laboratory study
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b. epidemiological study
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Which of the following is the BEST reason to include a placebo in the experimental design of a human intervention trial? a. the researcher do not know who is receiving an intervention and who is not b. placebo reduces the cost of the study c. it helps prevent the expectations of the subjects from biasing the research d. it makes it possible to include a larger number of subjects in the experiment
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c. it helps prevent the expectations of the subjects from biasing the research.
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One group of individuals is asked to eat a diet high in fruits, vegetables and dairy foods while a second group of individuals is asked to eat a diet with lower amounts of fruits, vegetables and dairy foods. The two groups' blood pressure readings are monitored and compared. This is an example of a(an): a. case-control study b. epidemiological study c. intervention study d. laboratory study
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c. intervention study
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Which is NOT a true statement about nutritional studies using animals a. animal studies can be more easilycontrolled than human studies b. the digestive system of some animals is quite different from humans, making these animals inappropriate choices for some studies c. the choice of the animal studied may influence the outcome of the study d. results from animal studies can always be readily extrapolated to humans
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d. results from animal studies can always be readily extrapolated to humans
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_____________________ protects human subjects in a study and limits the types of procedures that can be performed on them. a. peer review b. double blind design c. prior authorization d. informed consent
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d. informed consent
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the energy provided by foods is measured in: a. BTUs b. kilocalories c. thermal equivalents d. watts
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b. kilocalories
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what is true regarding the difference between a hypothesis and a theory a. a hypothesis is an educated guess and a theory is based on scientific study and reasoning. b. hypotheses are not tested; theories are tested c. theories are the foundation of hypotheses d. a hypothesis is tested using quantifiable data; theories are tested using subjective data
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a. a hypothesis is an educated guess and a theory is based on scientific study and reasoning.
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continued acceptance of a scientific theory depends on: a. the ability of other scientists to duplicate the original research and results. b. increased funding for the research c. the number of years since the theory was developed. d. how the hypothesis was formed.
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a. the ability of other scientists to duplicate the original research and results.
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A measure of the nutrient content of a food compared to its energy content is referred to as a. healthy Food Index. b. nutrient score. c. dietary reference intake. d. nutrient density.
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d. nutrient density
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The discipline which explores the relationship between genetic variation and nutrition is called: a. nutrigenomics. b. genetic nutritional variation. c. nutritional genomic analysis. d. nutrient gene factor identification.
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a. nutrigenomics
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Which of the following nutrient are NOT organic molecules? a. carbohydrates b. lipids c. proteins d. minerals
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d. minerals
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Consuming nutrient-dense foods helps to ensure a proper diet. One effective strategy is: a. eating foods that have been minimally processed. b. consuming foods with a high nutrient content compared to the kcalories provided. c. limiting added fats and sugars. d. all of these are effective strategies.
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d. all of these are effective strategies.
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Processed foods and convenience foods tend to ______ compared to freshly prepared foods. a. provide more calories b. contain fewer nutrients c. be higher in fat, sugar, or salt d. all of these statements are true
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d. all of these statements are true
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Which of the following functions is performed by members of all six classes of nutrients? a. Provide energy b. Form structures c. Regulate body processes d. All of these functions are performed by each of the six classes of nutrients
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c. regulate body processes
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An adverse or toxic reaction is most likely to occur if: a. an individual overuses vitamin and/or mineral supplements. b. the individual cannot absorb nutrients efficiently. c. the individual's diet is not varied enough. d. the individual overeats a particular food.
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a. an individual overuses vitamin and/or mineral supplements
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a processed foods is defined as: a. having more than 5 ingredients b. requiring heating and cooking before it can be eaten c. a food which has had preservatives added. d. any food that has been changed from its natural state.
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d. any food that has been changed from its natural state.
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When subjects do not know which treatment they are receiving in a clinical trial, but the researchers do, the study is called: a. anecdotal. b. collaboration. c. double blind. d. single blind
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d. single blind
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Which of the following is a common source of anecdotal evidence? a. peer-reviewed scientific literature b. federal government websites c. registered dietitians d. testimony of individuals
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d. testimony of individuals
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One important principle of a healthy diet is to eat a variety of foods. In this context, "variety" . a. choosing at least one food from each food group on the Food Pyramid daily. b. including low calorie food choices to balance high calorie foods at each meal. c. choosing a variety of foods from within food groups as well as among food groups. d. making sure portion sizes are matched to energy needs.
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c. choosing a variety of foods from within food groups as well as among food groups
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Which of the following would be the LEAST reliable source of information about herbal supplements? a. A government publication b. A dietitian c. A pamphlet published by the health food store d. A peer-reviewed article available on the Internet
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c. a pamphlet published by the health food store
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A substance found in plants which cannot be made by the body and is not necessary to sustain life, but has healthful benefits, is: a. an herbal supplement. b. a phytochemical. c. an enzyme. d. a zoochemical.
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b. a phytochemical
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Which of the following conditions does NOT represent a state of malnutrition? a. Weight loss as a result of increasing physical activity. b. Vitamin A toxicity as a result of excessive intake of vitamin supplements. c. Osteoporosis as a result of long-term inadequate intake of calcium and vitamin D. d. Overweight status as a result of regular ingestion of large portions of energy-dense foods.
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a. weight loss as a result of increasing physical activity
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Which of the following is likely to limit the availability of food? a. socioeconomic status b. health status c. where a person lives d. all of these statements are true
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d. all of these statements are true
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Which of the following is LEAST likely to affect food choices? a. cultural and family background b. personal preference c. weather d. psychological and emotional factors.
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c. weather
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Which statement is NOT true? a. vitamins are only needed in small amounts b. vitamins are inorganic molecules c. vitamins do not provide any energy d. vitamins are used to regulate body processes
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b. vitamins are inorganic molecules
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essential nutrients are those that: a. the body needs only in large amounts b. the body does not need from foods c. the body must get from foods d. the body needs in small quantities only
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c. the body must get from foods
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In order for human subjects to be used in a study, researchers must do all of the following except: a. verbally explain the study to all subjects b. provide a written explanation to all subjects c. ensure that all participants complete the study d. obtain all participants' signature indicating they fully understand their role in the study
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c. ensure that all participants complete the study
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a study that feeds a diet devoid of a nutrient until signs of a deficiency appear and adds the nutrient back to the diet to a level at which symptoms disappear, is called: a. a case control study b. a depletion-repletion study c. a balance study d. a clinical trial
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b. a depletion-repletion study
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Which statement about the changing american food supply is not true? a. One hundred years ago, time spent on meal preparation was measured in hours. b. Our modern food supply includes countless options. c. Today, after-school activities often impinge on family meal times. d. Twenty years ago, people ate most of their meals at home.
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d. twenty years ago, people at most of their meals at home.
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Americans do not eat enough of which foods? a. Whole grains, legumes, fruits, dairy b. Legumes, dairy, fruits, chicken c. Fruits, legumes, whole grains, chicken d. Dairy, fruits, chicken, whole grains
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a. whole grains, legumes, fruits, dairy
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What term best describes consuming too little or too much of one or more nutrients or energy? a. undernutrition b. over nutrition c. malnutrition d. hypo nutrition
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c. malnutrition
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the term best describes including both healthful and indulgent foods in your eating plan? a. balance b. variety c. moderation d. nutrient density
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a. balance
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which of the following are energy-yielding substances? a. proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and fiber b. carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, alcohol c. carbohydrates, lipids, minerals, fiber d.protein, alcohol, vitamins, minerals
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carbohydrate, lipids, proteins, alcohol
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Which of the followings NOT a general function of nutrients? a. provide energy b. form structures c. regulate body processes d. reduce digestive disorders
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d. reduce digestive disorders
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What term best describes including both healthful and indulgent foods in your eating plan? a. balance b. variety c. moderation d. nutrient density
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a. balance
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Generally speaking, the American diet follows the variety principle for fruit consumption
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false
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Which two nutrients each make up 16% of human body weight?
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fats, carbohydrates
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Which nutrient is most abundant in the body?
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water
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Which nutrient is least abundant in the body?
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carbohydrates
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most of a human's body weight is comprised of what nutrients?
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proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins
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Which one of the following guidelines has been developed to protect the rights of humans and animals used in experimental research? a. The study must first be reviewed by a committee of scientists and nonscientists. b. The subjects may provide an oral consent in order to participate in the study. c. A detailed oral explanation of the study's benefits by the researchers of the study is sufficient. d. Subjects must complete the entire study once they consented to participate.
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a. the study must first be reviews by a committee of scientists and nonscientists
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Which of the following statements is TRUE about scientific method? a. A theory is an educated guess made to explain an observation. b. The first step of the scientific method is to make a hypothesis. c. Experimental results may or may not prove the hypothesis to be true. d. A single experiment is enough to develop a scientific theory.
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c. Experimental results may or may not prove the hypothesis to be true.
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What is true about our food choices? a. We select foods mainly for their nutritive value. b. Our food choices are often limited to foods produced locally. c. Foods available in the store mean that they will be available to all individuals. d. The foods we are exposed to as children influence what foods we eat as adults.
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d. the foods that we are exposed to as children influence what foods we eat as adults.
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How does malnutrition impact our health? a. Energy deficiency can cause poor growth. b. It takes a long time for nutrient deficiencies to produce any symptoms. c. Undernutrition promotes the ability to reproduce. d. Diets high in fiber increase the risk of heart disease.
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a. energy deficiency can cause poor growth.
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Which one of the following statement describes a correct function of nutrients? a. Carbohydrates are involved in oxygen transport b. Proteins are used to harden bone. c. Lipids can be used as regulatory molecules. d. Vitamins form and maintain body structure.
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c. Lipids can be used as regulatory molecules
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What is true about nutrients? a. Nutrients must be supplied in the diet to support life. b. Approximately 20 nutrients are considered essential to human life. c. The body makes all the nutrients it needs d. Foods are the only sources of nutrients.
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a. nutrients must be supplied in the diet to support life.
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What information would determine the validity of a nutrition claim? a. The national origin of the researchers b. The ability of the scientific news to make headlines c. The study was published in peer-reviewed journals d. The study was supported by government funding
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c. the study was published in peer-reviewed journals
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What is the name of the study that compares nutrient intake with its excretion? a. balance study b. depletion/repletion study c. correlation study d. case-control study
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a. balance study
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Which one of the statement is true about our present eating habits? a. Increased use of processed and convenience food saves both time and money b. Our modern food supply includes an endless assortment of eating options. c. More young adults are being trained to cook full meals. d. Today's families are enjoying most of their meals leisurely at home.
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b. our modern food supply includes endless assortment of eating options.
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Which one of the following is viewed as the most valuable source of nutrition information? a. personal testimony b. promotions by food manufacturers c. news story on the web page d. advice from a registered dietitian
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d. advice from a registered dietitian
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what is placebo?
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a fake medicine that is indistinguishable from the real thing
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why is eating a variety of foods important? a. Choosing a variety of foods prevents excessive nutrient intake. b. No one food can provide all the nutrients the body needs for optimal health. c. It helps to maintain a healthy weight. d. It ensures adequate energy intake for normal growth and development.
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b. no one food can provide all the nutrients the body needs for optimal health
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Which of the following food types is typically consumed by Americans today in excessive amounts? a. whole grains b. low fat dairy c. legumes d. salty and sugary
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d. sugar and salty
