Chapter 1- Introduction to Operating Systems – Flashcards
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Microcomputer
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Computer built around a special intergrated circuit that perfroms the calculations, or processing, of the computer.
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Central Processing Unit
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The brain of the computer
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Microprocessor
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An integrated circuit which peforms the calculations, or processing, for a computer
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Server
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A computer that plays one of several important roles in a network.
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Clients
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A software component on a computer that accesses services from a network server
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Input/Output
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Anything sent into the computer; anything coming out of the computer.
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Motherboard
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Central Circuit board of the computer.
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Memory
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Involves chips that store programs and data.
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RAM
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Volatile memory that stores active programs and data while the computer is operating.
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ROM
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Type of memory that storess programs more or less permanently.
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ROM BIOS
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A set of program instructions for starting the computer, as well as for controlling communications between the processor and other components.
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Display Screen
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A monitor or a flat screen panel display for visual output from the computer.
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Cursor
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A graphical pointer that can be moved around a GUI by a mouse.
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Mouse
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The most common pointing device.
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Disk Drive
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A data and program storage that works by encoding data onto the surface of platters called disks.
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Peripheral Device
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All computer components that are non essential add-on devices.
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Operating System
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A program that acts as the central control program for the computer
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Kernel
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The main component of the Operating System that always remains in memory while a computer is running.
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User Interface
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The Software layer through which the user communicates with the OS.
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Graphical User Interface
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Offers menus and graphical icons that allow you to use the pointing device to select programs to run and perfrom many other tasks.
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Job Management
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An operating system function that controls the order and time in which the programs are run.
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Task Management
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Allows the user to switch back and forth between multiple tasks.
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Multitasking
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A computer that is simulttaneously running two or more programs at the same time.
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Memory Management
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Operating System function that manages the placement of programs and data in memory, while keeping track of where it put them.
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Virtual Memory
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A system of memory management in which the OS moves programs and data in and out of memory as needed.
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File Management
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Operating system fuction that allows the operating system to read, write, and modify data.
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Folder
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A special file that can contain files as well as other directories.
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Device managment
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Operating system function controls hardware devices through the use of special hardware
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Device Drivers
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Special software added to the OS to control a physical component.
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Security
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Fuction of the operationg system that provides pasward protected authentication of the user before allowing access.
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Network Operating System
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Software that enhances a basic OS by adding network features.
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Open Source
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A certification standard issued by the OSI that requires that the source code of a computer program be made available free of charge to the general public.
