Chapter 1 Earth Science – Flashcards
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Physical and chemical properties of the ocean
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oceanography
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Objects beyond earth's atmoshphere
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astronomy
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Materials that make up Earth
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geology
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Forces and processes that make up the weather
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meteorology
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Earth's neighbors, distant stars, and other cosmic bodies
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astronomy
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Rocks, glacial movements, and clues to Earth's history
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geology
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creatures that inhabit salty waters
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oceanography
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Interactions of organisms and their surroundings
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environmental science
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What sub specialty of Earth science studies patterns of weather over a long period of time?
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climatology
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What is geochemistry?
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Earth's composition and processes
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What subspecialty of Earth science studies ancient environments?
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paleontology
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how organisms interact with each other and their environments
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Environmental Science
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in what field do scientists study the processes that change Earth's composition?
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geochemistry
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The area from Earth's surface to its center is the geosphere
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true
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The water in the Earth's oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, and glaciers make up the atmosphere
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false
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The blanket of gases that surround Earth is the atmosphere
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true
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The mantle is the rigid outer shell of Earth
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false
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the atmosphere contains 78% oxygen
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false
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About 3% of all freshwater on Earth is in glaciers, lakes, rivers and groundwater
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true
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the hydrosphere includes all organisms on Earth as well as the environments in which they live
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false
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the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere are interdependent systems
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true
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5 major areas of Earth Science
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geology, oceanography, astronomy, meteorology, Earth Science
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protects us from radiation from sun, provides oxygen, and helps keep planet at good temperature
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atmosphere
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Application of scientific discoveries
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Technology
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3 products first developed for use in space that people now use in everyday life
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ski goggles, laptops, freeze dried food
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testable explanation for an observation
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hypothesis
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organized procedure that involves making measurements and observations
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experiment
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Factor in an experiment that can be manipulated by the experimenter (what type of fertilizer makes grass grow best)
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independent variable
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Factor in an experiment that can change if other factors are changed (growth of grass)
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dependent variable
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factor that does not change in an experiment (seeds, dirt, etc.)
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constant
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standard for comparison that shows that the results of an experiment are actually due to the condition being tested
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control
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crust, mantle, core
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geosphere
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Scientific method
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problem, research, hypothesis, experiment, collect data, conclude
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organized set of procedures
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Scientific Method
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amount of matter in an object
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mass
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gravitational force of an object
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weight
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amount of surface
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Area
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amount of space that is occupied
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Volume
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mass divided by volume
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Density
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Kelvin or Celcius
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Temperature
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type of shorthand where a number is expressed as a value between 1-10 ( 9.98 x 10^8)
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Scientific Notation
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explanation based on many observations
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Scientific Theory
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principle that describes behavior of something in nature
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Scientific Law
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visual display with two variables
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Line graph
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shows fixed quantity broken into pieces
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Circle graph
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represents quantitative data
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Bar graph
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idea, picture, or math expressions to represent a concept. *When scientific advance are made models and theories change
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Models
