ARPANET 1969: Pioneering Military-Academic Network for Telecommunications
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ARPANET
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1969 military-academic network
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Telecommunications
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Transmission of voice, video, and/or data. Implies long distances
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Data Communications
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Movement of computer information by means of electrical or optical transmission systems
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Broadband Communications
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convergence of Telecomm and Data Comm
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server
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stores data or software that can be accessed by the clients
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client
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input-output hardware device at the user's end of a communication circuit
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circuit
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pathway through which messages travel
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peer-to-peer networks
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networks that connect a set of similar computers that share their data and software with each other
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file server
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stores data and software that can be used by computers on a network
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print server
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manages all printing requests from clients on a network
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Web server
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stores documents and graphics that can be accessed from any web browser such as IE
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Local Area Network
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group of microcomputers located in same general area
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Backbone Network
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larger central network connecting several LANs, hundreds of feet to several miles
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Metropolitan Area Network
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connects LANs and BNs located in different areas to each other and to WANs. Typically between 3 and 30 miles
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Wide Area Network
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connect BNs and MANs
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intranet
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Similar to Internet but only accessable to those within an organization
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extranet
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similar to intranet but access can be given to those outside the organization
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Open Systems Interconnection Model
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Created by International Standards Organization as a framework for computer network standards, based on 7 layers
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Internet Model
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Created by DARPA, 5 layer model based on Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
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Internet Model Layers
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Application Layer, Transport Layer, Network Layer, Data Link Layer, Physical Layer
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OSI Layers
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Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link, Physical
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Please Do Not Touch Steve's Pet Alligator
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OSI Layer Acronym
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Application Layer (7)
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set of utilities used by application programs, end user's access to the network
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Presentation Layer (6)
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formats data for presentaion to the user. concerned with displaying, formatting, and editing user inputs and outputs
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Session Layer (5)
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initiates, maintains and terminates each logical session between sender and receiver.
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Transport Layer (4)
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Deals with end-to-end issues, such as procedures for entering and departing from the network
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Network Layer (3)
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Responsible for making routing decisions. Determines the next computer the message should be sent to
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Data Link Layer (2)
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Deals with message delineation, error control, and network medium access control
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Physical Layer (1)
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defines how individual bits are formatted to be transmitted through the network
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Protocol
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formal set of rules that define what the layer will do
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Protocol Data Unit (PDU)
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Contains information that is needed to transmit the message through the network; "packet"
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International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
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Technical recommendations for data communication interfaces, based in Geneva, composed of each country's national standards orgs.
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International Telecommunications Union - Telecom Group (ITU-T)
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Technical Recommendations about telephone, telegraph, and data communications interfaces
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American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
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Coordinating organization for the US, voting participant in ISO
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Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
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professional society, develops mosly LAN standards
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Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
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develops internet standards, no official membership
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Application Layer Standards
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HTTP, HTML, MPEG, H.323, IMAP, POP
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Transport Layer Standards
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TCP, SPX
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Network Layer Standards
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IP, IPX
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Data link Layer Standards
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Ethernet, Frame Relay, T1
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Physical Layer Standards
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RS-232c cable, Cat 5, V.92
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Pervasive Networking
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Networks will be everywhere; new devices with network capability, exponential growth of data rates.
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Convergence
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Integration of Voice, Video, & Data; previously transmitted with separate networks will be transmitted on one network
