Test Answers on Chapter 1 – Chemistry – Flashcards
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| what is matter? |
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| anything that has mass and takes up space |
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| what is mass? |
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| the measure of the amount of matter in a substance |
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| List the specialties of chemistry |
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| organic, inorganic, physical, analytical, biochemistry, and theoretical |
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| what is organic chemistry? |
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| the study of carbon-containing compounds |
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| what is inorganic chemistry? |
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| the study of substances that do not contain carbon |
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| what is physical chemistry? |
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| the study of matter and its relation to energy |
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| what is analytical chemistry? |
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| the study of the composition of materials |
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| what is biochemistry? |
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| the study of substances and processes that occur in living things |
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| what is theoretical chemistry? |
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| using math and computers to understand and predict (through models) the properties of new compounds |
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| is chemistry a physical or biological science? |
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| physical |
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| what is an atom? |
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| the smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical properties of an element |
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| What are pure substances? How many type(s) are there? List the type(s) |
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| A constant, defined composition that can not be separated into simpler substances by physical means. -there are two types -the types are elements and compounds |
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| What are elements? |
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| A type of pure substance that is made up of only one type of atom |
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| What are Compounds? |
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| A type of substance made of more than one type of atom but requires a chemical change in order to be broken down. |
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| What is a mixture? How many type(s) are there? LIst the type(s) |
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| More than one element or compound. Can have different compositions and can be separated through physical change. -there are two types -the types are homogeneous and heterogeneous |
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| What is a homogeneous mixture? |
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| A mixture that has the same composition throughout, even distribution, also called a solution |
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| What is a heterogeneous mixture? |
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| A mixture that has an uneven composition and distribution of substances and properties. |
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| What is a property? |
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| A characteristic of something |
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| What are the four types of properties? |
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| Extensive, intensive, physical, and chemical |
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| What is an extensive property? |
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| a characteristic that depends on the amount of matter present. |
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| What is an intensive property? |
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| A characteristic that does not depend on the amount of matter present |
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| What is a physical property? |
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| A characteristic that can be observed without a chemical reaction. |
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| What is a chemical property? |
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| A characteristic that can only be observed in a chemical reaction or by changing the identity of the substance. |
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| What are the two types of changes a substance can undergo? |
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| Physical and chemical |
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| What is a physical change? |
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| A change that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance. |
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| What is a chemical change? |
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| A change that chemically alters substances, giving different physical and chemical properties after the change. |
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| What are the properties of a solid? |
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| -has a definite volume and shape -particles are in a tight, fixed position |
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| what are the properties of a liquid? |
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| -has a definite volume and indefinite shape -malleable |
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| what are the properties of a gas? |
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| -has an indefinite volume and shape -particles move freely and rapidly |
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| What are the six possible phase changes? |
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| 1) solid to liquid 2) liquid to solid 3) gas to liquid 4) liquid to gas 5) gas to solid 6) solid to gas |
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| what is the name of the phase change from a solid to a liquid? |
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| melting |
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| What is the name of the phase change from a liquid to a solid? |
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| Freezing |
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| What is the name of the phase change from a gas to a liquid? |
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| condensation |
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| What is the name of the phase change from a liquid to a gas? |
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| vaporization |
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| What is the name of the phase change from a gas to a solid? |
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| deposition |
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| What is the name of the phase change from a solid to a gas? |
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| sublimation |
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| What is the Law of conservation of mass? |
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| Mass is not created or destroyed in a chemical reaction |
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| What is the law of conservation of energy? |
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| Energy is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. |
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| What are the properties of metals? |
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| -good conductor of heat and electricity -shiny -solid at room temp. -malleable -ductile |
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| What are the properties of nonmetals? |
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| -not a good conductor -dull -most are gases at room temperature -not malleable -not ductile -very brittle |
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| What are the properties of metalloids? |
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| -Have properties of metals and nonmetals -shiny -all are solid at room temperature -less malleable than metals -not as brittle as nonmetals |
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| What is chemistry? |
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| Chemistry is the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter, the processes that matter undergoes, and the energy changes that accompany these processes. |
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| What are the three types of research? |
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| Basic Research, Applied Research, and Technological Developments. |
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| What is a chemical? |
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| Any substance that has a definite composition. |
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| What is basic research? |
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| Research carried out for the sake of increasing knowledge, such as how and why a specific reaction occurs and what the properties of a substance are. Chance discoveries can be the result. |
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| What is applied research? |
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| Research that is generally carried out to solve a problem. Researchers are in this case driven not by curiosity or a desire to know but by a desire to solve a specific problem. |
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| What is a Technological Development? |
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| Typically involves the production and use of products that improve our quality of life. |
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| What is plasma? |
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| A high-temperature physical state of matter in which atoms lose most of their electrons, particles that make up atoms. |
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| What are two instruments routinely used in chemistry? |
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| X-rays and blances |
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| Is iron homogeneous or heterogeneous? |
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| homogeneous |
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| Is quartz heterogeneous or homogeneous? |
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| homogeneous |
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| is granite heterogeneous or homogeneous? |
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| heterogeneous |
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| is an energy drink heterogeneous or homogeneous? |
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| homogeneous |
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| Is oil-and-vinegar salad dressing heterogeneous or homogeneous? |
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| heterogeneous |
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| Is salt homogeneous or heterogeneous? |
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| homogeneous |
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| Is rainwater heterogeneous or homogeneous? |
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| homogeneous |
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| Is nitrogen heterogeneous or homogeneous? |
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| homogeneous |
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| Is ice melting a physical or chemical change? |
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| physical |
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| Is paper burning a physical or chemical change? |
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| chemical |
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| Is metal rusting a chemical or physical change? |
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| chemical |
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| Is gas pressure increasing a physical or chemical change? |
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| physical |
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| Is liquid evaporating a chemical or physical change? |
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| physical |
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| Is food digesting a chemical or physical change? |
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| chemical |
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| What are microstructures? |
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| Things too tiny to be seen with the unaided eye. |
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| What kind of research is used when a laboratory in a major university surveys all the reactions involving bromine? |
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| basic research |
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| What kind(s) of research is used when a pharmaceutical company explores a disease in order to produce a better medicine? |
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| applied and basic research |
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| What kind(s) of research is used when a scientist investigates the cause of the ozone hole to find a way to stop the loss of the ozone layer? |
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| applied research |
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| What kind(s) of research is used when a pharmaceutical company discovers a more efficient method of producing a drug? |
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| Applied and Basic research |
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| What kind(s) of research is used when a chemical company develops a new biodegradable plastic? |
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| Technological development and applied research |
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| What kind(s) of research is used when a laboratory explores the use of ozone to inactivate bacteria in a drinking-water system. |
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| applied and basic research |
