Chemistry Chapter 1test Questions – Flashcards
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| What is matter? |
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| Anything that takes up space (has volume) and has mass. |
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| What is volume? |
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| The amount of space taken up by a subtance. |
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| 1 liter equals.. |
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| 1.057 quarts |
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| Cubic centimeter (cc) is the same volume as ... |
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| Milliliter (mL). |
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| Milliliter (mL) is the same volume as... |
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| Cubic centimeter (cc) |
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| What is mass? |
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| The measured amount of matter in a substance. |
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| Does mass change with location? |
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| No mass does not change with location. |
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| What is the metric system a part of? |
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| The International System of Units (SI) |
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| What are the standard units of measure for mass, volume, and length? |
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| Grams (g), Liters (L), and Meter (m). |
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| Deci? |
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| 0.1 (10 dg = 1 g) |
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| Centi? |
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| 0.01 (100 c = 1 g) |
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| Milli? |
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| 0.001 (1000 mg = 1 g |
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| Micro? |
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| 0.000001 (1,000,000 micrograms = 1 g) |
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| What is the difference between weight and mass? |
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| Weight is the pull of gravity on an object and forces can change; Mass does not change in locations. |
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| What is a state of matter? |
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| The physical form in which a substance exists; mainly solid, liquid, or gas. |
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| Explain a solid. |
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| A state of matter composed of orderly and tightly-packed particles. While the particles do move slightly, this does not cause any significant change in shape. Volume is also definite as well. |
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| Explain a liquid |
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| A state of matter composed of free-moving and loosely-associated particles. Volume is definite, but shape can change with movement and container. |
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| Explain a gas. |
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| A state of matter composed of rapid moving particles that collide with one another and the walls of their container. Volume is not definite as well as shape, it expands to fill a container. |
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| What are some factors that affect gases and how do they affect them? |
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| Temperature and pressure; affect the motion of the gas particles. |
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| What is pressure? |
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| The amount of force exerted on a given area. |
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| What are the more common units of measure for pressure? |
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| Pounds per Square Inch (PSI) and Millimeters of Mercury (mmHg). |
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| What is the typical atmospheric pressured exerted at sea level for mmHg? |
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| 760 mmHg. |
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| What is the typical atmospheric pressured exerted at sea level for PSI? |
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| 14.7 PSI. |
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| What is Boyle's Law? |
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| [Pi x Vi = Pf x Vf] |
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| What happens to a balloon as pressure increases? |
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| Gas volume decreases. |
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| What happens to a balloon as pressure decreases? |
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| Gas volume increases. |
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| What happens to a balloon as temperatures rise? |
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| Gas volume increases. |
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| What happens to a balloon as temperature lowers? |
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| Gas volume decreases. |
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| Formula for Kelvin conversion. |
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| Kelvin (K) = Celsius (C) + 273. |
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| Formula for Celsius conversion. |
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| C = (F - 32) / 1.8 |
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| Formula for Farhenheit conversion. |
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| F = 1.8*C + 32 |
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| What is Charles Law? |
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| Vi / Ti = Vf / Tf (absolute temperature) |
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| What can matter be classified as? |
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| A mixture or a pure substance. |
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| What can a mixture be classified as? |
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| Homogeneous or Heterogeneous. |
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| What can pure substances be classified as? |
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| Elements or compounds. |
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| What is a mixture? |
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| A combination of two or more substances. |
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| What is one of the defining characteristics of a mixture? |
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| Is that it can be separated into its different components. |
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| What is a homogeneous mixture? |
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| A mixture whose composition is the same throughout. |
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| What is a heterogeneous mixture? |
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| A mixture whose composition varies throughout; no two samples contain the same substances in the same amount. |
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| What is a pure substance? |
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| Matter that is made up of only one substance. |
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| What is an element? |
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| The simplest unit of matter that can exist and keep its unique characteristics. |
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| What is a compound? |
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| A pure substances made up of two or more elements that are chemically joined together. |
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| What does the bold staircase-shaped line on the periodic table represent. |
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| A line to separate the metals from the nonmetals; elements bordered by the line (except aluminium) are metalloids. |
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| What element is N? |
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| Nitrogen. |
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| What element is C? |
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| Carbon. |
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| What element is O? |
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| Oxygen. |
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| What element is P? |
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| Phosphorus. |
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| What element is S? |
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| Sulfur. |
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| What is the letter for Nitrogen? |
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| N. |
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| What is the letter for Carbon? |
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| C. |
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| What is the letter for Oxygen? |
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| O. |
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| What is the letter for Phosphorus? |
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| P. |
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| What is the letter for Sulfur? |
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| S. |
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| What is a group? |
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| One of the vertical columns of elements on the periodic table. |
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| What is a period? |
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| One of the horizontal rows of elements on a periodic table. |
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| What are the main-group elements? |
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| Groups 1A through 8A. |
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| What are the transition elements? |
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| Groups B. |
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| What is a chemical formula? |
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| A representation showing both the identity and number of elements in a compound. |
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| What are the different changes in matter? |
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| Physical change or chemical reaction. |
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| What is a physical change? |
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| A change in the state of matter, but not its identity. |
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| What is a chemical reaction? |
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| A change involving the reaction of one or more substances to form one or more new substances; identity of substances is changed. |
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| What is a chemical equation? |
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| A chemist's shorthand for representing a chemical reaction. Shows reactants and products, and often the reaction conditions. |
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| What are the reactants? |
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| The substances that react to form different substances in a chemical reaction. |
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| What are the products? |
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| The new substances produced by a chemical reaction. |
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| What is the symbol for heat? |
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| A triangle. |
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| What does a triangle represent? |
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| The symbol for heat in a chemical reaction. |
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| What is the symbol for light? |
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| hv. |
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| What does hv represent? |
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| The symbol for light in a chemical reaction. |
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| What is an important part of a chemical equation? |
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| The state labels; (s), (l), (g). |
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| What does aq stand for? |
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| Aqueous (dissolved in water). |
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| What is an independent variable? |
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| Deliberatively set by the experimenter, also called the treatment. |
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| Where is an independent variable on a graph? |
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| X-axis. |
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| What variable is on the x-axis of a graph? |
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| The independent variable. |
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| What is a dependent variable? |
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| The factor being measured. Assumed to be affected by the independent variable. |
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| Where is the dependent variable on a graph? |
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| Y-axis. |
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| What variable is on the y-axis of a graph? |
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| The dependent variable. |
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| What is the amount of gas measured in? |
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| Moles. |
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| What is the gas constant? |
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| R = 0.0831 L atm 1/k 1/mol |
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| What is the combined gas law? |
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| PiVi/Ti = PfVf/Tf |
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| What is the ideal gas law? |
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| PV = nRT |
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| What is Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures? |
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| Each gas has its own pressure and added together gives the total pressure of the gas. |
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| nano |
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| 1,000,000,000 ng = 1g |
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| pico |
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| 1,000,000,000,000 pg = 1g |
