Chapter 1-4 Quiz – Flashcards
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Describe religious practices in Africa prior to the sixteenth century
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Most West Africans believed in the presence of multiple gods
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Why did the people of West Africa welcome European traders in the middle of the fifteenth century?
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They were hoping to evade the trade monopoly of the northern empires
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In what ways did the Catholic Church serve as a unifying force in Western Europe from late classical times to the Renaissance?
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The Church provided a common understanding of God
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What characterizes the political transformation associated with the Renaissance?
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Monarchs formed alliances with wealthy merchants and urban artisans
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What group comprised most of the population of Europe in 1450?
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peasants
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How did northern Native Americans seek to appease the spiritual world?
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With religious rituals
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What made regional trade networks possible among northern Native Americans before the arrival of Europeans?
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Specialized economies
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Why did large-scale Native American cultures emerge in the Mississippi Valley of North America around 1000 A.D.?
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maize spread to the Mississippi River Valley around that time
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Why were Hernan Cortes and his fellow conquistadors able to defeat Moctezuma's army?
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the Europeans had an invisible ally: disease
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Why did the maritime slave trade expand significantly after 1550?
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Europeans were setting up sugar plantations in Brazil and the West Indies
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Why did Italian merchants join the efforts of Portuguese mariners in searching for an Atlantic route to India in the fifteenth century?
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the rising power of the Ottoman Empire restricted their overland access to Asian trade
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Why did migrants from the Asian continent disperse across the Americas thousands of years ago
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hunting and gathering practices drove them across the continent
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What advantage did the Five Nations of the Iroquois have in the seventeenth century?
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their strategic location in central New York allowed them to dominate the region
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What characterizes Dutch ambitions in the Americas in the seventeenth century?
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they were looking for trading opportunities
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Why did the fur trade of North America expand so quickly from the late sixteenth into the seventeenth century?
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furs of mink, otter, and beaver were in great demand in Europe
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Describe the status of Africans in Virginia prior to 1660
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personal initiative and religion were as important as race in determining social status
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Why did Maryland settlers challenge Lord Baltimore in the 1630's and 1640's?
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the settlers insisted on the right to a representative assembly
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Why did the Portuguese not draw on local populations for the labor needed on Brazilian plantations?
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smallpox and other diseases had ravaged the local Indian populations
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Why had the Dutch and Flemish provinces of the Spanish Netherlands grown so prosperous by the middle of the sixteenth century?
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the Dutch and Flemish had specialized in textile manufacturing and trade with Portuguese
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Why did Bacon's Rebellion occur?
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impoverished white freeholders and tenants who wanted land were opposed by wealthy planters
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What characterizes Metacom's War?
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resulted in the destruction of the Indian tribes
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Why did Puritans favor local control of government?
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they wanted to avoid oppressive taxes levied by a distant government
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How did the Spanish colonizers manage to tap the enormous wealth of Mesoamerica and the Andes?
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by capitalizing on preexisting systems of tribute and labor discipline
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What development was most responsible for the growth of the northern maritime economy?
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the wealth of the British sugar colonies
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Why did merchants in the Atlantic trade system of the eighteenth century use bills of exchange?
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the documents allowed colonists to sell their goods to one merchant and buy from another
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How did slavery in the Chesapeake differ from slavery in South Carolina?
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the slave population in the Chesapeake increased naturally through reproduction
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Why did the South Atlantic System bring the most wealth to Britain?
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American goods had to pass through England before being sold in Europe
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How did the Treaty of Utrecht change the balance of power between the English, French, and native tribes after 1713?
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Britain obtained access through Albany to the western Indian trade
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Why did William of Orange's ascension to the throne of England mean a new era of warfare in Europe?
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William of Orange was committed to fighting a war to establish English and Protestant dominance
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How did the Glorious Revolution change imperial governance of the colonies?
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by granting the colonies increased self-government
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What does the response in Massachusetts Bay to the Navigation Acts represent?
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American resistance to mercantilist policies
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The system of salutary neglect that allowed the colonies to prosper with lessened interference from the British was facilitated by the political system under which leader?
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Sir Robert Walpole
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How did the assemblies in Massachusetts, New Jersey, North Carolina, and Pennsylvania restrict the power of the royal governor?
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they refused to provide the governors with a permanent annual salary
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What was an effect of the increasing importance of the maritime economy in the northern colonies?
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it created a society increasingly divided by levels of wealth
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How did Pennsylvania differ from most other colonies?
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it guaranteed religious freedom
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What was the central legacy of the Great Awakening?
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the movement of religious authority from educated ministers to the believer's direct experience of God
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How did the ideas and thoughts of George Whitefield and other ministers of the Great Awakening spread through the colonies?
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printers such as Benjamin Franklin published his sermons and many other writings
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Describe the eighteenth century movement called Deism?
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it was a way of thinking about God
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What was the central premise of the Enlightenment?
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human reason had the power to observe, understand, and improve the world
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Why did the number of printshops explode after 1695 in the English colonies?
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the British government let the long standing Licensing Act lapse
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Why were the American colonies a popular destination for Scots-Irish immigrants in the early eighteenth century?
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they saw their economic opportunity sapped in Ireland
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Why did the Middle colonies grow prosperous in the early 1700's?
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growing demand for wheat
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What was the "household mode of production" used by farmers in the New England?
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a system of community exchange in which families swapped labor and goods
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Assess the impact of the consumer revolution in the 1750's and 1760's.
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american colonies incurred a trade deficit
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What was the French and Indian War known as in Europe?
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Seven Years' War
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Why did the Baptist sect attract African Americans?
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the Baptist message declared all people to be equal in God's eyes
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Marriage in New England under eighteenth century English common law did what?
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gave the husband legal ownership of the bride's land and personal property
