question

What is spectroscopy?

answer

an analysis of the way in which atoms absorb and emit light

question

Typical stellar spectra appear as:

answer

a rainbow, but with some dark lines mixed in.

question

Which of these is the classic continuous spectrum?

answer

a rainbow

question

The Orion Nebula, M-42, is a hot, thin cloud of glowing gas, so its spectrum is:

answer

a few bright lines against a dark background.

question

The three laws dealing with the creation of various spectra are due to:

answer

Kirchhoff.

question

The Fraunhofer lines in the solar spectrum are actually:

answer

absorption lines due to the thin outer layer above the photosphere.

question

The element first found in the Sun's spectrum, then on Earth 30 years later, is:

answer

helium

question

An incandescent light (glowing tungsten filament) produces:

answer

a continuous spectrum, with the peak giving the temperature of the filament.

question

A neon light (thin hot neon gas in a sealed tube) gives us:

answer

a few bright emission lines, telling us the gas is neon.

question

The energy required to ionize a hydrogen atom whose electron is in the ground state (energy level 1) is:

answer

13.6 eV.

question

The energy required to move an electron in a hydrogen atom from energy level 1 to energy level 2 is:

answer

10.2 eV.

question

The energy required to move an electron in a hydrogen atom from energy level 2 to energy level 3 is:

answer

1.9 eV.

question

The Balmer Beta absorption line is a result of a transition of an electron in a hydrogen atom from:

answer

level 2 to level 4.

question

Only a hot, thin gas can produce an emission line.

answer

true

question

The absorption lines for a cool thin gas are identical in color and energy to the emission lines of the same gas if hot enough to glow.

answer

true

question

The spectral lines of each element are distinctive to that element, whether we are looking at emission or absorption lines.

answer

true

question

A low-density, hot gas produces a continuous spectrum.

answer

false

question

A low density gas must be hot in order to produce an absorption line.

answer

false

question

A cool, thin gas produces absorption lines.

answer

true

question

An X-ray photon has more energy than a visible photon.

answer

true

question

In the atom, which particles give the element its identity (atomic number)?

answer

protons

question

The particles which enter into chemical reactions are the atom's:

answer

electrons

question

A hydrogen atom consists of an electron and a(n):

answer

proton

question

The particle which adds mass but no charge to the atomic nucleus is the:

answer

neutron

question

An emission spectrum can be used to identify a(n):

answer

atom

question

The classical model of the hydrogen atom that explains its spectral line structure is due to:

answer

Bohr

question

Which of the following type of electromagnetic radiation has the highest energy?

answer

x-ray

question

Which of the following type of electromagnetic radiation has the lowest energy?

answer

radio

question

In Bohr's model of the atom, electrons:

answer

only make transitions between orbitals of specific energies.

question

In space, positive ions are the result of:

answer

electrons being stripped off the outer electron shell for hot atoms.

question

According to the photoelectric effect in order to release electrons from a solid, the light incident upon it must:

answer

have a short wavelength.

question

The shorter a wave's wavelength, the greater its energy.

answer

true

question

In the Bohr model, the transitions of electrons down to ground state produce the Lyman lines in the ultraviolet.

answer

true

question

The Balmer lines of hydrogen involve electron transitions from the ground state to higher levels.

answer

false

question

The red hydrogen alpha line carries more energy per photon than the blue-green hydrogen beta line does.

answer

false

question

All wavelengths of light travel at the same speed in a vacuum, and carry the same energy per photon.

answer

false

question

In an atom, electrons can have only specific, allowed orbital energies.

answer

true

question

Emission lines of hydrogen that are found in the ultraviolet part of the electromagnetic spectrum are formed by electrons transitioning from:

answer

any level to level 1.

question

To have a negative ion, you must have:

answer

added an electron to the outer electron shell.

question

For hydrogen, the transition from the second to the fourth energy level produces:

answer

a blue green absorption line.

question

In a hydrogen atom, a transition from the third to the second energy level will produce:

answer

a red emission line.

question

A heavy neutral atom, such as iron, produces many spectral lines compared to light elements like hydrogen and helium. Why?

answer

Because of the larger number of electrons and corresponding energy levels, more transitions are possible.

question

Molecular spectra, like elemental ones, involve only the vibration of the particles.

answer

false

question

Why are molecular lines more complex than elemental spectral lines?

answer

Molecules can vibrate and rotate as well.

question

Since the difference in energy between the different rotational states in a molecule is very small, many molecular lines can be observed with:

answer

radio or microwave telescopes.

question

The splitting of spectral lines in the presence of strong magnetic fields is the:

answer

Zeeman effect.

question

Spectral lines are often referred to as the stars' "fingerprints" because:

answer

All of these are correct.

question

If a source of light is approaching us at 3,000 km/sec, then all its waves are:

answer

blue shifted by 1%.

question

The observed spectral lines of a star are all shifted towards the red end of the spectrum. Which statement is true?

answer

This is an example of the Doppler effect.

question

The broadening of spectral lines can be caused by:

answer

All of the above

question

According to the Zeeman effect, the splitting of a sunspot's spectral lines is due to:

answer

their magnetic fields.

question

If the rest wavelength of a certain line is 600 nm, but we observe it at 594 nm, then:

answer

the source is approaching us at 1 % of the speed of light.

question

What information about an astronomical object can be determined by observing its spectrum?

answer

All of the above

question

The larger the redshift, the faster the distant galaxy is rushing toward us.

answer

false

question

If a fire truck's siren is rising in pitch, it must be approaching us.

answer

true

question

Spectroscopy of a star can reveal its temperature, composition, and line-of-sight motion.

answer

true

question

The Doppler effect can reveal the rotation speed of a star by the splitting of the spectral lines.

answer

false

question

The radial velocity of a star's motion in space can also broaden its spectral lines.

answer

false

question

The Zeeman effect reveals the presence of strong magnetic fields by the splitting of spectral lines.

answer

true

question

The broader the spectral line, the higher the pressure of the gas that is creating it.

answer

true

question

The line intensity of a spectrum depends both on the abundance of a particular element and its temperature as well.

answer

true

question

In our Sun, the spectral lines of hydrogen are weak, compared to their appearance in hotter stars.

answer

true

Chap 4 – Space – Flashcards

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