Ch. 9 The Consolidation of Europe, 1100-1250 – Flashcards
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Magna Carta
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Regarded now as a landmark in the development of constitutional government, the "Great Charter" of 1215 was enacted during the reign of King John of England in order to limit his powers. In its own time, it was to store the power of the great lords.
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Saladin
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An-Nasir Salah ad-Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub, known as Salah ad-Din, was the first sultan of Egypt and Syria and the founder of the Ayyubid dynasty. Unites Muslim forces in the Holy Land and defeats the crusaders. The crusaders considered him chivalry
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Innocent III
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(1160/61-1216) Pope who wanted to end all of Christendom under papal hegemony ; he furthered this goal at Fourth Lateran Council of 1215, which defined one of the church's dogmas as the acknowledgment of papal supremacy. The Council also took an unprecedented in the religious education and habits of every christian.
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Peter Abelard
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The philosopher who popularized the scholastic method. Thanks to him that Paris became the intellectual capital of Europe. We can glimpse through an audacious treatise called the SIC et Non ("Yes and No"), in which he gathered a collection of contradictory statements from the Church fathers, organized around 150 key theological problems.
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Francis of Assisi
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Founder of the Franciscans was the ne'er-do-well son of an Italian merchant (1182-1226) , who eventually rebelled against the materialistic values of his father.
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Thomas Aquinas
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(1225-1274) Dominican friar and theologian whose systematic approach of christian doctrine was influenced by Aristotle. The most influential intellectual of the Middle Ages.
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Gothic cathedrals
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Type of graceful architecture emerging in the 20th-13th century England and France. The style is characterized by pointed arches, delicate decoration, large windows.
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1079-1142
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Lifetime of Peter Abelard
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c. 1090-c. 1164
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Lifetime of Heloise
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1098-1179
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Lifetime of Hildegard of Bingen
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1099
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First crusade ends
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1122-1204
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Lifetime of Eleanor of Aquitaine
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c.1140
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Gratian's Concordance of discordant canons
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1152-1190
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Reign of Fredrick II Barbarossa
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1180-1223
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Reign of Philip II Augustus
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1187
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Muslim reconquest of Jerusalem
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1192-1194
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Alfonso II of Argon compiles the Liber feudorum maior
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1194-1250
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Lifetime of Emperor Fredrick II
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1198-1216
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Reign of Pope Innocent III
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1204
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Capture and sack of Constantinople
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1209
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Franciscan order established, Beginning of the Albigensian Crusade
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1215
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Magna Carta and the canons of the Fourth Lateran Council are both formulated
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1216
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Dominican order established
