Ch. 8 Buddhism – Flashcards
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What are the 'three bodies' (trikaya) of buddhahood, according to Mahayana teaching?
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the Appearance Body, Body of Bliss, and Dharma Body
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The sacred geometric design used in Vajrayana Buddhist practice is called a ________.
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mandala
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Chan was founded by ________.
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Bodhidharma
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The term 'arhat' means ________.
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'worthy one' or 'saint'
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What title, meaning 'thus-gone one', does the Buddha most often use to refer to himself?
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Tathagata
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What vow were Mahayana Buddhists, both lay and monastic, encouraged to take?
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Bodhisattva vow
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The Madhyamika ('Middle Way') school was founded by ________.
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Nagarjuna
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A stupa is ________.
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a mound or structure built over an important relic, which becomes a pilgrimage site
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Which of the following is NOT a common mudra or hand gesture found in depictions of the Buddha?
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'Strength': right hand tightened into a fist, representing the strength of wisdom
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Which of the following was NOT a disagreement between newer Mahayana and older Theravada forms of Buddhism?
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the importance of meditation and study of scriptures
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The term 'nirvana', in Buddhism, refers to ________.
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the state of enlightenment
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The term 'buddha' literally means ________.
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'fully enlightened one'
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What Buddhist practice did not originally sit well with the social system and and values in China?
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monasticism
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What is the gongan ('koan' in Japanese)?
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a paradoxical thought exercise designed to defy rational understanding and propel the student toward enlightenment
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What does the Tripitaka or Pali Canon consist of?
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discourses on dharma, monastic rules, and systematic treatises
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According to most accounts, approximately when did Siddartha Gautama live?
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fifth to sixth century BCE
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Who is traditionally believed to have brought Buddhism to Tibet?
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Padmasambhava
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What simple form of meditation, meaning 'insight' or 'mindfulness', is practised by Theravada Buddhists?
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Vipassana
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Which of the following is NOT a form of Chinese Mahayana Buddhism?
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Nichiren
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In Buddhist tradition, Mara is ________.
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the lord of death
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What is the traditional place of the Buddha's enlightenment, now a major pilgrimage site?
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Bodh Gaya
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By what title was Siddartha Gautama first known?
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Shakyamuni
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According to the traditional story of the Buddha, what did brahmins predict about his future when he was an infant?
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That he would become either a great emperor or a fully enlightened being
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The Buddhist monastic community consists of ordained men and women called ________.
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bhikshus and bhikshunis
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Vajrayana is also known as ________
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both A and B tantric Buddhism, the 'third turning of the wheel of dharma'
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What are the three main traditions or 'vehicles' of Buddhism?
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Theravada, Mahayana, and Vajrayana
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What are the two schools or subsects of southern Chan Buddhism known as?
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'gradual' and 'sudden'
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According to what Mahayana school can we pray to Amitabha Buddha to be reborn in his realm, and from there achieve enlightenment?
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Pure Land
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What are the 'Three Jewels' in Buddhism?
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the Buddha, the Dharma, and the Sangha
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In the Buddhist tradition, the term 'dharma' means ________.
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'teaching'
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The collection of 'birth stories', or tales of the Buddha's previous lives, are called ________.
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Jataka
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By what title was Siddartha Gautama first known?
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Shakyamuni
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Which of the following was NOT a Japanese form of Buddhism?
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Hwaom
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Colourful strips of cloth often found in temples, which often have symbols, mantras, and prayers printed on them, are called ________.
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prayer flags
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What were the four sights that, according to tradition, Siddartha Gautama saw that caused him to leave his home life and become and ascetic?
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a sick man, and old man, a dead man, and a monk
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The term anatman means ________.
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'no-self' or 'no-soul'
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Which of the following is NOT one of the Four Noble Truths?
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The cosmos has no beginning, middle, or end.
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'Hinayana', which Theravada is sometimes called, means ________.
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'Little Vehicle
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Who led the conversion of thousands of dalits (untouchables) in India to Buddhism, himself included, in 1956?
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Dr Bhimrao R. Ambedkar
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What Buddhist practice did not originally sit well with the social system and and values in China?
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monasticism
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What great king converted to Buddhism and helped spread it throughout India?
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Ashoka
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What does the Tripitaka or Pali Canon consist of?
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discourses on dharma, monastic rules, and systematic treatises
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By what title was Siddartha Gautama first known?
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Shakyamuni
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Which bodhisattva of compassion is sometimes referred to as the 'Virgin Mary of East Asia'?
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Guanyin
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Which of the following is NOT a form of Chinese Mahayana Buddhism?
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Nichiren
