question

The entire set of people or products in which one is interested

answer

population

question

A smaller set, taken from part of a population

answer

Sample

question

When every single member of a population is tested/studied

answer

census

question

When researchers generalize a limited population to study

answer

population of interest

question

purposive sampling

answer

Dr. Jennings is doing a study on the experience of being a racial minority on a college campus. He goes to the Asian Student Association, Black Student Union, and Hispanic Student Group on his campus to recruit participants for his study. Dr. Jennings only includes Asians, African-Americans, and Hispanic participants in his study. What type of sampling is Dr. Jennings using? Question 2 options: quota sampling cluster sampling systematic sampling purposive sampling

question

unrepresentative sample - some members of the population of interest have a much higher probability of being included in the sample compared to other members

answer

Biased sample

question

all members of the population have an equal chance of being included in the sample. Only representative samples allow us to make inferences about the population of interest.

answer

representative sample/unbiased sample

question

Using a sample of people who are readily available to participate. EX: College professors using college students

answer

convenience sampling

question

A biased sampling technique in which a researcher identifies subsets of the population of interest, sets a target number for each category in the sample, and non-randomly selects individuals within each category until the quotas are filled. In quota sampling participants are selected non-randomly (through convenience or purposive sampling).

answer

Quota sampling

question

A probability sampling technique in which the researcher counts off members of a population to achieve a sample, using a randomly chosen interval (every nth person, where n is a randomly selected number)

answer

systematic sampling

question

A biased sampling technique in which only certain kinds of people are included in a sampling. Only purposive when this is not a random sample.

answer

Purposive sampling

question

A probability sampling technique in which clusters of participants within the population of interest are selected at random, followed by data collection from all individuals in each cluster.

answer

Cluster sampling

question

a term used when a sample is known to contain only people who volunteer to participate. EX: online polling - can have bad external validity. ex: parents asked ' was your child an early reader? ' a higher than reality percentage showed because parents who did have early readers were eager to answer this polling question. not representative. A more realistic ex would be people who rate items or amazon, or books on goodreads

answer

self - selection

question

every member of the population of interest has an equal chance of being selected for the sample, regardless of whether they are close by, easy to contact, or motivated to respond

answer

probability sampling/random sampling

question

The most basic form of probability sampling, in which the sample is chosen completely at random from the population of interest

answer

Simple random sampling

question

'In most cases, researchers are not able to check accuracy of their samples' estimates, because they hardly ever complete a full census of a population on the variable of interest.' In research, is a bigger sample always a better sample? not necessarily. A sample of 1,000 people, as long as it is random, allows them to generalize to the population quite accurately.

answer

What kind of sample is best for external validity? Question 3 options: a sample that can be collected as quickly as possible a sample where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected a sample that includes the majority of the population the largest sample possible

question

systematic sampling

answer

Which of the following is considered a representative sampling method? Question 4 options: snowball sampling convenience sampling self-selected sampling systematic sampling

question

a variation of purposive sampling that can help researchers find rare individuals, in which participants are asked to recommend a few acquaintances for the study. Nonrepresentative

answer

Snowball sampling

question

random sampling

answer

Which of the following is most important for enhancing external validity? Question 5 options: random sampling random assignment a large sample size using measures that are valid and reliable

question

Two random samples are selected: a random sample of clusters, then a random sample of people within those clusters.

answer

Multistage Sampling

question

A multistage technique in which the researcher selects particular demographic categories on purpose and then randomly selects individuals within each of the categories.

answer

Stratified Random Sampling

question

Purposive Sampling

answer

Dr. Jennings is doing a study on the experience of being a racial minority on a college campus. He goes to the Asian Student Association, Black Student Union, and Hispanic Student Group n his campus to recruit participants for his study. Dr. Jennings only includes Asians, African-Americans, and Hispanic participants in his study. What type of sampling is Dr. Jennings using?

question

Snowball

answer

Beth is working on a research study focused on attention span in children. Among the participants, the group of 11-year old boys is underrepresented. Beth asks her 11-year old brother to distribute flyers about participation in the study to his male classmates and soccer team. What type of sampling is this?

question

Convenience Sampling

answer

Which of the following is considered a biased sampling method? -Convenience Sampling -Cluster Sampling -Stratified Random Sampling -Simple Random Sampling

question

All registered voters in Texas

answer

A political research center obtains a list of phone numbers of all registered voters in Texas and uses a random number generator to select 1,000 of the phone numbers to call. They ask each voter which gubernatorial candidate they plan to vote for in the upcoming election. What is the population of interest that the research center wants to generalize to?

question

Convenience Sampling

answer

Dr. Rhodes is interested in how differing levels of light affect how people perceive color. He finds participants for this research study by making an announcement in several psychology classes at his University. What kind of sampling is Dr. Rhodes using?

question

Cluster sampling

answer

The superintendent of schools in a small town in Ohio made a lot of policy changes to the way school administrators worked in his district. A researcher at a nearby university wanted to look at what teachers in his district thought about the changes. The researcher made a list of all of the schools in the district and used a random number generator to select a sample of five schools from the district. Then the researcher interviewed each teach at each of those 5 schools. What sampling method did the researcher use?

question

Population

answer

A _____ is the entire set of people in which researchers are interested

question

Oversampling

answer

Mr. Stratford is the president of a national organization of lesbian, bisexual, gay, and transgender people in the United States. He wants to survey 1,000 members of his organization about the position they want the organization not to take on several political issues. He knows that transgender people make up only 5% of his organization. But he wants to make sure that their views are accurately represented. He decides that he will randomly sample 100 transgender members and then adjust the final results so that transgender people are weighted to their actual proportion in the organization. What type of sampling is Mr. Stratford using?

question

A cluster sampling of 1,000 teenagers from around the United States

answer

Which sample would be most likely to represent the population of American teenagers?

question

Random sampling

answer

Which of the following is most important for enhancing external validity?

question

A sample where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected

answer

What kind of sample is best for external validity?

question

Stratified random sampling

answer

A college administrator knows that 70% of the students at his college are from out of state, so he decides to make sure that he includes 70 out of state students and 30 in state students in his survey about admission practices at the college. He randomly selects 70 students from the out of state list and 30 students from the in state list. What sampling method is he using?

question

Census

answer

_____ is when you study every member of a population

question

Simple random sampling

answer

A political research center obtains a list of phone numbers for all registered voters in Texas and uses a random number generator to select 1,000 of the phone number to call. They ask each voter which gubernatorial candidate they plan to vote for in the upcoming election. What sampling method is being used?

question

Systematic Sampling

answer

Which of the following is considered a representative sampling method?

question

Multistage sampling

answer

The campus safety committee has asked Professor Ibrahim to study bicycling on his campus. He trains two observers and has them observe the number of cyclists and their safety at various points around campus. He selects 10 observation locations at random from the places bicycles can be ridden on campus and five one-hour spans of time at random from daylight hours at each place. He had his observers make observations at each of the ten places for each of the five time spans. What type of sampling is he using?

question

Systematic Sampling

answer

The directors of an annual community concert want to find the musical preferences of the audience. The ushers place a survey card on every sixth seat beginning with the second seat (2 and 6 were chosen form a random number table). All of the cards are returned as the audience leaves. Which type of sampling is being used?

question

Quota Sampling

answer

Dr. Lawrence is the director of Counseling Services at her university. She is planning to conduct a survey of 100 students at the university to see how aware they are of the counseling services that are offered at the university. She wants the proportion of males and females in her sample to reflect the proportion in the university as a whole. Dr. Lawrence plants to stand in the Student Union and ask people to participate until she has given the survey to 55 females and 45 males. What type of sampling method is Dr. Lawrence going to use?

question

Yes, because the transgender people in the final sample were sampled randomly from the population of transgender people in the organization

answer

Mr. Stratford is the president of a national organization of lesbian, bisexual, gay, and transgender people in the United States. He wants to survey 1,000 members of his organization, but he wants to make sure that their views are accurately represented. He decides that he will randomly sample 100 transgender members and teh nadjust the final results so that transgender people are weighted to their actual proportion in the organization. Is Mr. Stratford collecting a representative sample?

question

smaller than

answer

A sample is always ____ a population

question

1,000

answer

What sample size is often cited as the optimal balance between accuracy and effort?

question

Self-selection bias

answer

The student government at a college is interested in determining how important intercollegiate sports are to the students there. Since all students have e-mail accounts, they are able to send a survey to all the students. About 50% of the students respond. Which is the most likely bias in this sample?

question

A sample where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected

answer

What kind of sample is best for external validity?

question

No, because external validity probably doesn't matter for the type of claim he is making

answer

Dr. Rhodes is interested in how differing levels of light affect how people perceive color. He finds participants for this research study by making an announcement in several psychology classes at his university. Should Dr. Rhodes be concerned about using this sampling method?

question

No, because the participants are selected non-randomly

answer

Dr. Lawrence is the director of Counseling services at her university. She is planning to conduct a survey of 100 students at the university to see how aware they are of the counseling services that are offered at the university. She wants to proportion of males and females in her sample to reflect the proportion in the university as a whole. Dr. Lawrence plants to stand in the student union and ask people to participate until she has given the survey to 55 females and 45 males. Is Dr. Lawrence collecting a representative sample?

question

a sample where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected

answer

What kind of sample is best for external validity?

question

smaller than

answer

A sample is always __________ a population.

question

A census

answer

________ is when you study every member of a population.

question

stratified random sampling

answer

A college administrator knows that 70 percent of the students at his college are from out of state, so he decides to make sure that he includes 70 out-of-state students and 30 in-state students in his survey about admission practices at the college. He has a list of all of the out-of-state and all of the in-state students currently enrolled at the college. He randomly selects 70 students from the out-of-state list and 30 students from the in-state list. What sampling method is he using?

question

self-selection bias

answer

The student government at a college is interested in determining how important intercollegiate sports are to the students there. Since all students have e-mail accounts, they are able to send a survey to all the students. About 50 percent of the students respond. What is the most likely bias in this sample?

question

systematic sampling

answer

What is considered a representative sampling method?

question

convenience sampling

answer

What is considered a biased sampling method?

question

purposive sampling

answer

Dr. Jennings is doing a study on the experience of being a racial minority on a college campus. He goes to the Asian Student Association, Black Student Union, and Hispanic Student Group on his campus to recruit participants for his study. Dr. Jennings only includes Asians, African-Americans, and Hispanic participants in his study. What type of sampling is Dr. Jennings using?

question

all registered voters in Texas

answer

A political research center obtains a list of phone numbers for all registered voters in Texas and uses a random number generator to select 1,000 of the phone numbers to call. They ask each voter which gubernatorial candidate they plan to vote for in the upcoming election. What is the population of interest that the research center wants to generalize to?

question

a cluster sampling of 1,000 teenagers from around the United States

answer

Which sample would be most likely to represent the population of American teenagers?

question

Collected a sample

answer

If researchers measure every tenth member of a population, they have:

question

Multistage sample

answer

Dr. Oishi is an educational psychologist interested in students' attitudes toward math and the effect of those attitudes on performance on standardized tests. He chooses his local school district to study. There are 15 middle schools, and he randomly chooses five. Then, of the 1,500 students in each of those five schools, he randomly recruits 250 students. This is an example of what sampling techniques?

question

Self-selection

answer

Online surveys commonly suffer from what?

question

Random sampling

answer

Another term for probability sampling is:

question

They all contain elements of random selection.

answer

Why are techniques like cluster sampling and multistage sampling just as externally valid as simple random sampling?

question

Snowball sampling

answer

Dr. Jackson is a personality psychologist who is interested in studying the characteristics of people who report being abducted by UFOs. She finds several people in a support group to research and asks them if they can provide the names and contact information of other people who have also been abducted. Upon contacting these new participants, she asks them to refer her to even more people they may know who have been abducted. This is an example of what kind of sampling?

question

Systematic sample

answer

What does NOT result in a biased sample?

question

Random assignment is necessary for internal validity, whereas random sampling is necessary for external validity.

answer

What statement is true of random assignment and random sampling?

question

a sample where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected

answer

What kind of sample is best for external validity?

question

convenience sampling

answer

Dr. Rhodes is interested in how differing levels of light affect how people perceive color. He finds participants for this research study by making an announcement in several psychology classes at his university. What kind of sampling method is Dr. Rhodes using?

question

No, because external validity probably doesn't matter for the type of claim he is making.

answer

Dr. Rhodes is interested in how differing levels of light affect how people perceive color. He finds participants for this research study by making an announcement in several psychology classes at his university. Should Dr. Rhodes be concerned about using this sampling method?

question

smaller than

answer

A sample is always __________ a population.

question

A census

answer

________ is when you study every member of a population.

question

population

answer

A ________ is the entire set of people in which the researchers are interested.

question

cluster sampling

answer

The superintendent of schools in a small town in Ohio made a lot of policy changes to the way school administration worked in his district. A researcher at a nearby university wanted to look at what teachers in his district thought about the changes. The researcher made a list of all of the schools in the district and used a random number generator to select a sample of five schools from the district. Then the researcher interviewed every teacher at each of those five schools. What sampling method did the researcher use?

question

stratified random sampling

answer

A college administrator knows that 70 percent of the students at his college are from out of state, so he decides to make sure that he includes 70 out-of-state students and 30 in-state students in his survey about admission practices at the college. He has a list of all of the out-of-state and all of the in-state students currently enrolled at the college. He randomly selects 70 students from the out-of-state list and 30 students from the in-state list. What sampling method is he using?

question

self-selection bias

answer

The student government at a college is interested in determining how important intercollegiate sports are to the students there. Since all students have e-mail accounts, they are able to send a survey to all the students. About 50 percent of the students respond. Which is the most likely bias in this sample?

question

systematic sampling

answer

The directors of an annual community concert want to find the musical preferences of the audience. The ushers place a survey card on every sixth seat beginning with the second seat (2 and 6 were chosen from a random number table). All of the cards are returned as the audience leaves. Which type of sampling is being used?

question

random sampling

answer

Which of the following is most important for enhancing external validity?

question

systematic sampling

answer

Which of the following is considered a representative sampling method?

question

convenience sampling

answer

Which of the following is considered a biased sampling method?

question

snowball

answer

Beth is working on a research study focused on attention span in children. Among the participants, the group of 11-year-old boys is underrepresented. Beth asks her 11-year-old brother to distribute flyers about participation in the study to his male classmates and soccer team. What type of sampling is this?

question

frequency

answer

Typically, in which type of claim is it most important to have a random sample?

question

1,000

answer

What sample size is often cited as the optimal balance between accuracy and effort?

question

oversampling

answer

Mr. Stratford is the president of a national organization of lesbian, bisexual, gay, and transgender people in the United States. He wants to survey 1,000 members of his organization about the position they want the organization to take on several political issues. He knows that transgender people make up only 5 percent of his organization, but he wants to make sure that their views are accurately represented. He decides that he will randomly sample 100 transgender members and then adjust the final results so that transgender people are weighted to their actual proportion in the organization. What type of sampling is Mr. Stratford using?

question

Yes, because the transgender people in the final sample were sampled randomly from the population of transgender people in the organization.

answer

Mr. Stratford is the president of a national organization of lesbian, bisexual, gay, and transgender people in the United States. He wants to survey 1,000 members of his organization about the position they want the organization to take on several political issues. He knows that transgender people make up only 5 percent of his organization, but he wants to make sure that their views are accurately represented. He decides that he will randomly sample 100 transgender members and then adjust the final results so that transgender people are weighted to their actual proportion in the organization. Is Mr. Stratford collecting a representative sample?

question

purposive sampling

answer

Dr. Jennings is doing a study on the experience of being a racial minority on a college campus. He goes to the Asian Student Association, Black Student Union, and Hispanic Student Group on his campus to recruit participants for his study. Dr. Jennings only includes Asians, African-Americans, and Hispanic participants in his study. What type of sampling is Dr. Jennings using?

question

quota sampling

answer

Dr. Lawrence is the director of Counseling Services at her university. She is planning to conduct a survey of 100 students at the university to see how aware they are of the counseling services that are offered at the university. She wants the proportion of males and females in her sample to reflect the proportion in the university as a whole (55 percent female and 45 percent male). Dr. Lawrence plans to stand in the Student Union and ask people to participate until she has given the survey to 55 females and 45 males. What type of sampling method is Dr. Lawrence going to use?

question

No, because the participants are selected nonrandomly.

answer

Dr. Lawrence is the director of Counseling Services at her university. She is planning to conduct a survey of 100 students at the university to see how aware they are of the counseling services that are offered at the university. She wants the proportion of males and females in her sample to reflect the proportion in the university as a whole (55 percent female and 45 percent male). Dr. Lawrence plans to stand in the Student Union and ask people to participate until she has given the survey to 55 females and 45 males. Is Dr. Lawrence collecting a representative sample?

question

all registered voters in Texas

answer

A political research center obtains a list of phone numbers for all registered voters in Texas and uses a random number generator to select 1,000 of the phone numbers to call. They ask each voter which gubernatorial candidate they plan to vote for in the upcoming election. What is the population of interest that the research center wants to generalize to?

question

multistage sampling

answer

The campus safety committee has asked Professor Ibrahim to study bicycling on his campus. He trains two observers and has them observe the number of cyclists and their safety at various points around campus. He selects ten observation locations at random from the places bicycles can be ridden on campus and five one-hour spans of time at random from the daylight hours for each place. He has his observers make observations at each of the ten places for each of the five time spans. What type of sampling is he using?

question

simple random sampling

answer

A political research center obtains a list of phone numbers for all registered voters in Texas and uses a random number generator to select 1,000 of the phone numbers to call. They ask each voter which gubernatorial candidate they plan to vote for in the upcoming election. What sampling method is being used?

question

a cluster sampling of 1,000 teenagers from around the United States

answer

Which sample would be most likely to represent the population of American teenagers?

question

a sample where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected

answer

What kind of sample is best for external validity?

question

convenience sampling

answer

Dr. Rhodes is interested in how differing levels of light affect how people perceive color. He finds participants for this research study by making an announcement in several psychology classes at his university. What kind of sampling method is Dr. Rhodes using?

question

No, because external validity probably doesn't matter for the type of claim he is making.

answer

Dr. Rhodes is interested in how differing levels of light affect how people perceive color. He finds participants for this research study by making an announcement in several psychology classes at his university. Should Dr. Rhodes be concerned about using this sampling method?

question

smaller than

answer

A sample is always __________ a population.

question

A census

answer

________ is when you study every member of a population.

question

population

answer

A ________ is the entire set of people in which the researchers are interested.

question

cluster sampling

answer

The superintendent of schools in a small town in Ohio made a lot of policy changes to the way school administration worked in his district. A researcher at a nearby university wanted to look at what teachers in his district thought about the changes. The researcher made a list of all of the schools in the district and used a random number generator to select a sample of five schools from the district. Then the researcher interviewed every teacher at each of those five schools. What sampling method did the researcher use?

question

stratified random sampling

answer

A college administrator knows that 70 percent of the students at his college are from out of state, so he decides to make sure that he includes 70 out-of-state students and 30 in-state students in his survey about admission practices at the college. He has a list of all of the out-of-state and all of the in-state students currently enrolled at the college. He randomly selects 70 students from the out-of-state list and 30 students from the in-state list. What sampling method is he using?

question

self-selection bias

answer

The student government at a college is interested in determining how important intercollegiate sports are to the students there. Since all students have e-mail accounts, they are able to send a survey to all the students. About 50 percent of the students respond. Which is the most likely bias in this sample?

question

systematic sampling

answer

The directors of an annual community concert want to find the musical preferences of the audience. The ushers place a survey card on every sixth seat beginning with the second seat (2 and 6 were chosen from a random number table). All of the cards are returned as the audience leaves. Which type of sampling is being used?

question

random sampling

answer

Which of the following is most important for enhancing external validity?

question

systematic sampling

answer

Which of the following is considered a representative sampling method?

question

convenience sampling

answer

Which of the following is considered a biased sampling method?

question

snowball

answer

Beth is working on a research study focused on attention span in children. Among the participants, the group of 11-year-old boys is underrepresented. Beth asks her 11-year-old brother to distribute flyers about participation in the study to his male classmates and soccer team. What type of sampling is this?

question

frequency

answer

Typically, in which type of claim is it most important to have a random sample?

question

1,000

answer

What sample size is often cited as the optimal balance between accuracy and effort?

question

oversampling

answer

Mr. Stratford is the president of a national organization of lesbian, bisexual, gay, and transgender people in the United States. He wants to survey 1,000 members of his organization about the position they want the organization to take on several political issues. He knows that transgender people make up only 5 percent of his organization, but he wants to make sure that their views are accurately represented. He decides that he will randomly sample 100 transgender members and then adjust the final results so that transgender people are weighted to their actual proportion in the organization. What type of sampling is Mr. Stratford using?

question

Yes, because the transgender people in the final sample were sampled randomly from the population of transgender people in the organization.

answer

Mr. Stratford is the president of a national organization of lesbian, bisexual, gay, and transgender people in the United States. He wants to survey 1,000 members of his organization about the position they want the organization to take on several political issues. He knows that transgender people make up only 5 percent of his organization, but he wants to make sure that their views are accurately represented. He decides that he will randomly sample 100 transgender members and then adjust the final results so that transgender people are weighted to their actual proportion in the organization. Is Mr. Stratford collecting a representative sample?

question

purposive sampling

answer

Dr. Jennings is doing a study on the experience of being a racial minority on a college campus. He goes to the Asian Student Association, Black Student Union, and Hispanic Student Group on his campus to recruit participants for his study. Dr. Jennings only includes Asians, African-Americans, and Hispanic participants in his study. What type of sampling is Dr. Jennings using?

question

quota sampling

answer

Dr. Lawrence is the director of Counseling Services at her university. She is planning to conduct a survey of 100 students at the university to see how aware they are of the counseling services that are offered at the university. She wants the proportion of males and females in her sample to reflect the proportion in the university as a whole (55 percent female and 45 percent male). Dr. Lawrence plans to stand in the Student Union and ask people to participate until she has given the survey to 55 females and 45 males. What type of sampling method is Dr. Lawrence going to use?

question

No, because the participants are selected nonrandomly.

answer

Dr. Lawrence is the director of Counseling Services at her university. She is planning to conduct a survey of 100 students at the university to see how aware they are of the counseling services that are offered at the university. She wants the proportion of males and females in her sample to reflect the proportion in the university as a whole (55 percent female and 45 percent male). Dr. Lawrence plans to stand in the Student Union and ask people to participate until she has given the survey to 55 females and 45 males. Is Dr. Lawrence collecting a representative sample?

question

all registered voters in Texas

answer

A political research center obtains a list of phone numbers for all registered voters in Texas and uses a random number generator to select 1,000 of the phone numbers to call. They ask each voter which gubernatorial candidate they plan to vote for in the upcoming election. What is the population of interest that the research center wants to generalize to?

question

multistage sampling

answer

The campus safety committee has asked Professor Ibrahim to study bicycling on his campus. He trains two observers and has them observe the number of cyclists and their safety at various points around campus. He selects ten observation locations at random from the places bicycles can be ridden on campus and five one-hour spans of time at random from the daylight hours for each place. He has his observers make observations at each of the ten places for each of the five time spans. What type of sampling is he using?

question

simple random sampling

answer

A political research center obtains a list of phone numbers for all registered voters in Texas and uses a random number generator to select 1,000 of the phone numbers to call. They ask each voter which gubernatorial candidate they plan to vote for in the upcoming election. What sampling method is being used?

question

a cluster sampling of 1,000 teenagers from around the United States

answer

Which sample would be most likely to represent the population of American teenagers?

question

The entire set of people or products in which one is interested

answer

population

question

A smaller set, taken from part of a population

answer

Sample

question

When every single member of a population is tested/studied

answer

census

question

When researchers generalize a limited population to study

answer

population of interest

question

purposive sampling

answer

Dr. Jennings is doing a study on the experience of being a racial minority on a college campus. He goes to the Asian Student Association, Black Student Union, and Hispanic Student Group on his campus to recruit participants for his study. Dr. Jennings only includes Asians, African-Americans, and Hispanic participants in his study. What type of sampling is Dr. Jennings using? Question 2 options: quota sampling cluster sampling systematic sampling purposive sampling

question

unrepresentative sample - some members of the population of interest have a much higher probability of being included in the sample compared to other members

answer

Biased sample

question

all members of the population have an equal chance of being included in the sample. Only representative samples allow us to make inferences about the population of interest.

answer

representative sample/unbiased sample

question

Using a sample of people who are readily available to participate. EX: College professors using college students

answer

convenience sampling

question

A biased sampling technique in which a researcher identifies subsets of the population of interest, sets a target number for each category in the sample, and non-randomly selects individuals within each category until the quotas are filled. In quota sampling participants are selected non-randomly (through convenience or purposive sampling).

answer

Quota sampling

question

A probability sampling technique in which the researcher counts off members of a population to achieve a sample, using a randomly chosen interval (every nth person, where n is a randomly selected number)

answer

systematic sampling

question

A biased sampling technique in which only certain kinds of people are included in a sampling. Only purposive when this is not a random sample.

answer

Purposive sampling

question

A probability sampling technique in which clusters of participants within the population of interest are selected at random, followed by data collection from all individuals in each cluster.

answer

Cluster sampling

question

a term used when a sample is known to contain only people who volunteer to participate. EX: online polling - can have bad external validity. ex: parents asked ' was your child an early reader? ' a higher than reality percentage showed because parents who did have early readers were eager to answer this polling question. not representative. A more realistic ex would be people who rate items or amazon, or books on goodreads

answer

self - selection

question

every member of the population of interest has an equal chance of being selected for the sample, regardless of whether they are close by, easy to contact, or motivated to respond

answer

probability sampling/random sampling

question

The most basic form of probability sampling, in which the sample is chosen completely at random from the population of interest

answer

Simple random sampling

question

'In most cases, researchers are not able to check accuracy of their samples' estimates, because they hardly ever complete a full census of a population on the variable of interest.' In research, is a bigger sample always a better sample? not necessarily. A sample of 1,000 people, as long as it is random, allows them to generalize to the population quite accurately.

answer

What kind of sample is best for external validity? Question 3 options: a sample that can be collected as quickly as possible a sample where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected a sample that includes the majority of the population the largest sample possible

question

systematic sampling

answer

Which of the following is considered a representative sampling method? Question 4 options: snowball sampling convenience sampling self-selected sampling systematic sampling

question

a variation of purposive sampling that can help researchers find rare individuals, in which participants are asked to recommend a few acquaintances for the study. Nonrepresentative

answer

Snowball sampling

question

random sampling

answer

Which of the following is most important for enhancing external validity? Question 5 options: random sampling random assignment a large sample size using measures that are valid and reliable

question

Two random samples are selected: a random sample of clusters, then a random sample of people within those clusters.

answer

Multistage Sampling

question

A multistage technique in which the researcher selects particular demographic categories on purpose and then randomly selects individuals within each of the categories.

answer

Stratified Random Sampling

question

a sample where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected

answer

What kind of sample is best for external validity?

question

smaller than

answer

A sample is always __________ a population.

question

A census

answer

________ is when you study every member of a population.

question

stratified random sampling

answer

A college administrator knows that 70 percent of the students at his college are from out of state, so he decides to make sure that he includes 70 out-of-state students and 30 in-state students in his survey about admission practices at the college. He has a list of all of the out-of-state and all of the in-state students currently enrolled at the college. He randomly selects 70 students from the out-of-state list and 30 students from the in-state list. What sampling method is he using?

question

self-selection bias

answer

The student government at a college is interested in determining how important intercollegiate sports are to the students there. Since all students have e-mail accounts, they are able to send a survey to all the students. About 50 percent of the students respond. What is the most likely bias in this sample?

question

systematic sampling

answer

What is considered a representative sampling method?

question

convenience sampling

answer

What is considered a biased sampling method?

question

purposive sampling

answer

Dr. Jennings is doing a study on the experience of being a racial minority on a college campus. He goes to the Asian Student Association, Black Student Union, and Hispanic Student Group on his campus to recruit participants for his study. Dr. Jennings only includes Asians, African-Americans, and Hispanic participants in his study. What type of sampling is Dr. Jennings using?

question

all registered voters in Texas

answer

A political research center obtains a list of phone numbers for all registered voters in Texas and uses a random number generator to select 1,000 of the phone numbers to call. They ask each voter which gubernatorial candidate they plan to vote for in the upcoming election. What is the population of interest that the research center wants to generalize to?

question

a cluster sampling of 1,000 teenagers from around the United States

answer

Which sample would be most likely to represent the population of American teenagers?

question

Collected a sample

answer

If researchers measure every tenth member of a population, they have:

question

Multistage sample

answer

Dr. Oishi is an educational psychologist interested in students' attitudes toward math and the effect of those attitudes on performance on standardized tests. He chooses his local school district to study. There are 15 middle schools, and he randomly chooses five. Then, of the 1,500 students in each of those five schools, he randomly recruits 250 students. This is an example of what sampling techniques?

question

Self-selection

answer

Online surveys commonly suffer from what?

question

Random sampling

answer

Another term for probability sampling is:

question

They all contain elements of random selection.

answer

Why are techniques like cluster sampling and multistage sampling just as externally valid as simple random sampling?

question

Snowball sampling

answer

Dr. Jackson is a personality psychologist who is interested in studying the characteristics of people who report being abducted by UFOs. She finds several people in a support group to research and asks them if they can provide the names and contact information of other people who have also been abducted. Upon contacting these new participants, she asks them to refer her to even more people they may know who have been abducted. This is an example of what kind of sampling?

question

Systematic sample

answer

What does NOT result in a biased sample?

question

Random assignment is necessary for internal validity, whereas random sampling is necessary for external validity.

answer

What statement is true of random assignment and random sampling?

question

The entire set of people or products in which one is interested

answer

population

question

A smaller set, taken from part of a population

answer

Sample

question

When every single member of a population is tested/studied

answer

census

question

When researchers generalize a limited population to study

answer

population of interest

question

purposive sampling

answer

Dr. Jennings is doing a study on the experience of being a racial minority on a college campus. He goes to the Asian Student Association, Black Student Union, and Hispanic Student Group on his campus to recruit participants for his study. Dr. Jennings only includes Asians, African-Americans, and Hispanic participants in his study. What type of sampling is Dr. Jennings using? Question 2 options: quota sampling cluster sampling systematic sampling purposive sampling

question

unrepresentative sample - some members of the population of interest have a much higher probability of being included in the sample compared to other members

answer

Biased sample

question

all members of the population have an equal chance of being included in the sample. Only representative samples allow us to make inferences about the population of interest.

answer

representative sample/unbiased sample

question

Using a sample of people who are readily available to participate. EX: College professors using college students

answer

convenience sampling

question

A biased sampling technique in which a researcher identifies subsets of the population of interest, sets a target number for each category in the sample, and non-randomly selects individuals within each category until the quotas are filled. In quota sampling participants are selected non-randomly (through convenience or purposive sampling).

answer

Quota sampling

question

A probability sampling technique in which the researcher counts off members of a population to achieve a sample, using a randomly chosen interval (every nth person, where n is a randomly selected number)

answer

systematic sampling

question

A biased sampling technique in which only certain kinds of people are included in a sampling. Only purposive when this is not a random sample.

answer

Purposive sampling

question

A probability sampling technique in which clusters of participants within the population of interest are selected at random, followed by data collection from all individuals in each cluster.

answer

Cluster sampling

question

a term used when a sample is known to contain only people who volunteer to participate. EX: online polling - can have bad external validity. ex: parents asked ' was your child an early reader? ' a higher than reality percentage showed because parents who did have early readers were eager to answer this polling question. not representative. A more realistic ex would be people who rate items or amazon, or books on goodreads

answer

self - selection

question

every member of the population of interest has an equal chance of being selected for the sample, regardless of whether they are close by, easy to contact, or motivated to respond

answer

probability sampling/random sampling

question

The most basic form of probability sampling, in which the sample is chosen completely at random from the population of interest

answer

Simple random sampling

question

'In most cases, researchers are not able to check accuracy of their samples' estimates, because they hardly ever complete a full census of a population on the variable of interest.' In research, is a bigger sample always a better sample? not necessarily. A sample of 1,000 people, as long as it is random, allows them to generalize to the population quite accurately.

answer

What kind of sample is best for external validity? Question 3 options: a sample that can be collected as quickly as possible a sample where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected a sample that includes the majority of the population the largest sample possible

question

systematic sampling

answer

Which of the following is considered a representative sampling method? Question 4 options: snowball sampling convenience sampling self-selected sampling systematic sampling

question

a variation of purposive sampling that can help researchers find rare individuals, in which participants are asked to recommend a few acquaintances for the study. Nonrepresentative

answer

Snowball sampling

question

random sampling

answer

Which of the following is most important for enhancing external validity? Question 5 options: random sampling random assignment a large sample size using measures that are valid and reliable

question

Two random samples are selected: a random sample of clusters, then a random sample of people within those clusters.

answer

Multistage Sampling

question

A multistage technique in which the researcher selects particular demographic categories on purpose and then randomly selects individuals within each of the categories.

answer

Stratified Random Sampling

question

Purposive Sampling

answer

Dr. Jennings is doing a study on the experience of being a racial minority on a college campus. He goes to the Asian Student Association, Black Student Union, and Hispanic Student Group n his campus to recruit participants for his study. Dr. Jennings only includes Asians, African-Americans, and Hispanic participants in his study. What type of sampling is Dr. Jennings using?

question

Snowball

answer

Beth is working on a research study focused on attention span in children. Among the participants, the group of 11-year old boys is underrepresented. Beth asks her 11-year old brother to distribute flyers about participation in the study to his male classmates and soccer team. What type of sampling is this?

question

Convenience Sampling

answer

Which of the following is considered a biased sampling method? -Convenience Sampling -Cluster Sampling -Stratified Random Sampling -Simple Random Sampling

question

All registered voters in Texas

answer

A political research center obtains a list of phone numbers of all registered voters in Texas and uses a random number generator to select 1,000 of the phone numbers to call. They ask each voter which gubernatorial candidate they plan to vote for in the upcoming election. What is the population of interest that the research center wants to generalize to?

question

Convenience Sampling

answer

Dr. Rhodes is interested in how differing levels of light affect how people perceive color. He finds participants for this research study by making an announcement in several psychology classes at his University. What kind of sampling is Dr. Rhodes using?

question

Cluster sampling

answer

The superintendent of schools in a small town in Ohio made a lot of policy changes to the way school administrators worked in his district. A researcher at a nearby university wanted to look at what teachers in his district thought about the changes. The researcher made a list of all of the schools in the district and used a random number generator to select a sample of five schools from the district. Then the researcher interviewed each teach at each of those 5 schools. What sampling method did the researcher use?

question

Population

answer

A _____ is the entire set of people in which researchers are interested

question

Oversampling

answer

Mr. Stratford is the president of a national organization of lesbian, bisexual, gay, and transgender people in the United States. He wants to survey 1,000 members of his organization about the position they want the organization not to take on several political issues. He knows that transgender people make up only 5% of his organization. But he wants to make sure that their views are accurately represented. He decides that he will randomly sample 100 transgender members and then adjust the final results so that transgender people are weighted to their actual proportion in the organization. What type of sampling is Mr. Stratford using?

question

A cluster sampling of 1,000 teenagers from around the United States

answer

Which sample would be most likely to represent the population of American teenagers?

question

Random sampling

answer

Which of the following is most important for enhancing external validity?

question

A sample where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected

answer

What kind of sample is best for external validity?

question

Stratified random sampling

answer

A college administrator knows that 70% of the students at his college are from out of state, so he decides to make sure that he includes 70 out of state students and 30 in state students in his survey about admission practices at the college. He randomly selects 70 students from the out of state list and 30 students from the in state list. What sampling method is he using?

question

Census

answer

_____ is when you study every member of a population

question

Simple random sampling

answer

A political research center obtains a list of phone numbers for all registered voters in Texas and uses a random number generator to select 1,000 of the phone number to call. They ask each voter which gubernatorial candidate they plan to vote for in the upcoming election. What sampling method is being used?

question

Systematic Sampling

answer

Which of the following is considered a representative sampling method?

question

Multistage sampling

answer

The campus safety committee has asked Professor Ibrahim to study bicycling on his campus. He trains two observers and has them observe the number of cyclists and their safety at various points around campus. He selects 10 observation locations at random from the places bicycles can be ridden on campus and five one-hour spans of time at random from daylight hours at each place. He had his observers make observations at each of the ten places for each of the five time spans. What type of sampling is he using?

question

Systematic Sampling

answer

The directors of an annual community concert want to find the musical preferences of the audience. The ushers place a survey card on every sixth seat beginning with the second seat (2 and 6 were chosen form a random number table). All of the cards are returned as the audience leaves. Which type of sampling is being used?

question

Quota Sampling

answer

Dr. Lawrence is the director of Counseling Services at her university. She is planning to conduct a survey of 100 students at the university to see how aware they are of the counseling services that are offered at the university. She wants the proportion of males and females in her sample to reflect the proportion in the university as a whole. Dr. Lawrence plants to stand in the Student Union and ask people to participate until she has given the survey to 55 females and 45 males. What type of sampling method is Dr. Lawrence going to use?

question

Yes, because the transgender people in the final sample were sampled randomly from the population of transgender people in the organization

answer

Mr. Stratford is the president of a national organization of lesbian, bisexual, gay, and transgender people in the United States. He wants to survey 1,000 members of his organization, but he wants to make sure that their views are accurately represented. He decides that he will randomly sample 100 transgender members and teh nadjust the final results so that transgender people are weighted to their actual proportion in the organization. Is Mr. Stratford collecting a representative sample?

question

smaller than

answer

A sample is always ____ a population

question

1,000

answer

What sample size is often cited as the optimal balance between accuracy and effort?

question

Self-selection bias

answer

The student government at a college is interested in determining how important intercollegiate sports are to the students there. Since all students have e-mail accounts, they are able to send a survey to all the students. About 50% of the students respond. Which is the most likely bias in this sample?

question

A sample where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected

answer

What kind of sample is best for external validity?

question

No, because external validity probably doesn't matter for the type of claim he is making

answer

Dr. Rhodes is interested in how differing levels of light affect how people perceive color. He finds participants for this research study by making an announcement in several psychology classes at his university. Should Dr. Rhodes be concerned about using this sampling method?

question

No, because the participants are selected non-randomly

answer

Dr. Lawrence is the director of Counseling services at her university. She is planning to conduct a survey of 100 students at the university to see how aware they are of the counseling services that are offered at the university. She wants to proportion of males and females in her sample to reflect the proportion in the university as a whole. Dr. Lawrence plants to stand in the student union and ask people to participate until she has given the survey to 55 females and 45 males. Is Dr. Lawrence collecting a representative sample?

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